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	Constructivism Movement, Constructivism Art, Constructivism Russian
		Constructivism was a movement that was active from 1915 to the 1940â€™s.
		Constructivist art is committed to complete abstraction with a devotion to modernity, where themes are often geometric, experimental and rarely emotional.
		An art of order was desirable at the time because it was just after WWI that the movement arose, which suggested a need for understanding, unity and peace.
	www.arthistoryguide.com /Constructivism.aspx (152 words)

	Abstract Art - MSN Encarta
		Abstract Art, a term applied to types of art in which elements such as forms, colours, and textures are used as expressive ends in themselves rather than to depict or evoke objects or scenes that correspond in some way with the world around us.
		All three of them were immensely influential on early 20th-century art, and their ideas were taken further in the movements that revolutionized painting and sculpture in the decade before World War I—notably Expressionism, Fauvism, and Cubism.
		Later in the 1960s, there was a reaction against this dominance, expressed as a revival of figurative art, but abstraction has continued to flourish and to develop new forms, for example Op Art and Minimal Art, which had their heyday in the 1960s and 1970s.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761563353/Abstract_Art.html (1258 words)

	Art Movements
		Although their art was not particularly radical, they were important in the context of modern art in helping to establish a tradition of setting up exhibiting organizations independent of official bodies, foreshadowing The Eight and the Armory Show.
		An art movement involving a mix of modern decorative art styles, largely of the 1920s and 1930s, whose main characteristics were derived from various avant-garde painting styles of the early twentieth century.
		Their art was experimental, inspired by Marxism, somewhat sympathetic to Expressionism and Surrealism, showing greatest affinity to folk art and children's art and to the works of Paul Klee and Joan Miró.
	www.jjkgallery.com /pages/art_movement.html (2056 words)

	The Art of Paul Peter Hatgil - Biography
		Constructivism is an art term loosely applied to three-dimensional work that is built rather than carved or cast.
		The teachings of Constructivism in the classroom was a delight for the professor because his means of employment prior to entering art college entailed working as a machinist.
		The teaching of Constructivism in art schools and institutions of higher learning during that period was the most important factor in advancing the nonobjective art movement.
	uts.cc.utexas.edu /~hatgil/bio.html (636 words)

	constructivism - HighBeam Encyclopedia
		CONSTRUCTIVISM [constructivism] Russian art movement founded c.1913 by Vladimir Tatlin, related to the movement known as suprematism.
		Their sculptural works derived from cubism and futurism, but had a more architectonic and machinelike emphasis related to the technology of the society in which they were created.
		However, beginning in 1921, constructivism (and all modern art movements) were officially disparaged as unsuitable for mass propaganda purposes.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-construc.html (290 words)

	ArtLex's Con page
		In reference to art, imagery which departs from perceptual accuracy to present a mental formulation of the object, rather than its appearance alone.
		As examples, the rigidly formal art of ancient Egypt may be viewed as conceptual, whereas the Realism of Gustave Courbet (French, 1819-1877) is perceptual.
		Constructivism was introduced to Western Europe by Antoine Pevsner in Paris, and his brother Naum Gabo in Germany.
	www.artlex.com /ArtLex/Con.html (3706 words)

	Constructivism - Constructivism Art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Constructivism was first created in Russia in 1913 when the Russian sculptor Vladimir Tatlin, during his journey to Paris, discovered the works of Braque and Picasso.
		Constructivism art refers to the optimistic, non-representational relief construction, sculpture, kinetics and painting.
		Theory of constructivism is derived from Russian Suprematism, Dutch Neo Plasticism (De Stijl) and the German Bauhaus.
	www.huntfor.com /arthistory/C20th/constructivism.htm (682 words)

	Constructivism (art) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Constructivism was an artistic and architectural movement in Russia from 1914 onward (especially present after the October Revolution), and a term often used in modern art today, which dismissed "pure" art in favour of art used as an instrument for social purposes, namely, the construction of the socialist system.
		The focus for Constructivism in Moscow was VKhUTEMAS the school for art and design established in 1919.
		Gabo established a version of Constructivism in England in the 1930s and 1940s that was taken up by architects, designers and artists after World War II (see Victor Pasmore), and John McHale.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Constructivism_(art) (835 words)

	Constructivism - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Constructivism, Russian art movement of the early 20th century that had an important influence on later schools of art.
		In the second decade of the 20th century a new method of creating sculpture arose.
		- Russian artistic movement: a modern art movement associated with Moscow in the 1920s that produced large nonrepresentational structures made of industrial materials such as plastic, glass, and sheet metal.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Constructivism.html (148 words)

	CONSTRUCTIVISM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Constructivism may be considered the natural development of the tendency towards abstraction and the quest for new methods of artistic representation characteristic of the early 20th century Russia.
		They tried to apply the laws of "pure" art to objects of utilitarian purpose and mass consumption, and to "build a bridge" between art and the new "savior" of the people -- industry (Gray, 250).
		In this connection, the Constructivists heralded the death of easel painting and asserted that the artist was a researcher, an engineer, and an "art constructor." Thus, Constructivism was essentially re-adapted to fit utilitarian purposes and to fulfill (if only unconventionally) the material needs of the people.
	www.rollins.edu /Foreign_Lang/Russian/constr.html (222 words)

	Constructivism Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Most art historians believe that the idea of a 'Modern Art' began with the impressionists at the end of the 19th century, but as with most subjective fields of study there are those who believe Modern Art had its roots before this, while others suggest a later start.
		Suprematism and Constructivism were the first movements in art to adopt a purely non-objective approach in the making of artwork, although the abstract ideas of Piet Mondrian and Theo Van Does Burg which led to Neo-Plasticism (de stijl), developed at almost the same time; their early work however remained grounded in real world imagery.
		Malevich's assertion that art could be composed without reference to the real world was highly influential both in Russia where it made possible Constructivism, and world-wide where it became the catalyst for a variety of styles of abstract art, architectural forms and utilitarian designs.
	users.senet.com.au /~dsmith/constructivism.htm (4057 words)

	Karl Waldmann and Constructivism in Brussels \| Art Knowledge News
		Karl Waldmann, born in the 1880s and died in 1958 in the USSR in a working camp, was one of constructivism's last discoveries and undoubtedly a very important one.
		His forms are derived from Constructivism, with the destruction of the classical image in a dynamic vision.
		His art involves cinema, politics, literature, theater, developing the themes of the city, machines, actresses.
	www.artknowledgenews.com /node/1172 (414 words)

	Constructivism Art - Artists, Artworks and Biographies
		The term Constructivism is used to define non-representational relief construction, sculpture, kinetics, and painting.
		As a response to changes in technology and contemporary life, it advocated a change in the art scene, aiming to create a new order in art and architecture that referenced social and economic problems.
		Constructivism was one the first movements to adopt a strictly non-objective subject matter.
	wwar.com /masters/movements/constructivism.html (303 words)

	abstract art: artists (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		abstract art movements with artists and art: constructivism, suprematism, de stijl, bauhaus, colorfield, minimal art, op art.
		They advocated a purification of art, eliminating subject matter in favor of vertical and horizontal elements, and the use of primary colors and non colors.
		The Bauhaus revolutionized art training by combining the teaching of the pure arts with the study of crafts.
	abstract-art.org (532 words)

	ARTISTS-CONSTRUCTORS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		is "the art of painting new compositions by means of elements taken from atainable - rather than visual - reality." (G. Apollinaire).
		Larissa Zhadova - Malevich, suprematism and revolution in russian art, 1910-1930.
		It is applied to an art that utilizes modern structural components instead ofthe usual materials, and pursues constructional aims..."(Hans Richter)
	www.kmtspace.com /kmt/constructivism.htm (163 words)

	Constructivism - Classroom Use - Brief Article Arts & Activities - Find Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		But, when the Communist Party gained control, experimental art was not encouraged and, after Joseph Stalin seized power, Constructivism was suppressed.
		His interpretation of Constructivism made him internationally famous with commissions from all over the world.
		Students--especially those who have only used typical school art materials--might be encouraged to search out materials they had never thought of as suitable for making art: to experiment with them and to create new artworks.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0HTZ/is_5_130/ai_81219618 (898 words)

	Constructivism - Art History Online Reference and Guide
		In education, constructivism is a learning theory which holds that knowledge is not transmitted unchanged from teacher to student, but instead that learning is an active process of recreating knowledge.
		In art and architecture, constructivism was an artistic movement in Russia from 1914 onward in favour of "pure" art with no social function which used designs influenced by, and materials used in, industry.
		In political science and international relations theory, constructivism rejects standard realist and liberal views on international relations and argues that state interests stem from identities and international norms, rather than from the effects of international anarchy.
	www.arthistoryclub.com /art_history/Constructivism (263 words)

	Constructivism // synopsis :: Graham Potter Constructivist
		The principles of constructivism theory are derived from three main movements that evolved in the early part of the 20th century: Suprematism in Russia, De Stijl (Neo Plasticism) in Holland and the Bauhaus in Germany.
		Constructivism has been closely associated with architecture and the applied arts from its beginning.
		Principals of the non-representational groups: De Stijl, Constructivism and Suprematism, were absorbed into the teaching curriculum at the Bauhaus and deeply influenced the development of art, architecture and industrial design as International Constructivism.
	www.grahampotter.com /constructivism.html (977 words)

	General Information
		Before investigating Constructivism and other post revolutionary Soviet works of art and design a summary of the pre-revolutionary avant-garde’s history must be reviewed.
		Along with using folk art as a thematic source, they used the formal aspects of peasant art and Icon painting in their art.
		Significantly, the use of folk art was to be of important propagandist value in revolutionary times.
	www.serve.com /mlazopoulou/html/general_information.shtml (342 words)

	Geometry in Art & Architecture Unit 16
		Abstract art is an attempt to analyze and simplify what we see, to pick and choose.
		But Russian Constructivism got tangled up with Communist doctrine, the role of the artist-engineer, the production of utilitarian objects, the rejection of painting as obsolete, and so forth, and had run its course by 1930.
		Its goals were, as for Suprematists, to create art that is a counterpart to the harmonious relations in the ideal society.
	www.dartmouth.edu /~matc/math5.geometry/unit16/unit16.html (2033 words)

	Constructivism artists and art...the-artists.org
		International Constructivism refers to the optimistic, abstract art that emerged in Europe in the 1920's.
		Constructivism was an invention of the Russian avant-garde that found adherents across the continent.
		Germany was the site of the most Constructivist activity outside of the Soviet Union (especially as home to Walter Gropius's Bauhaus, a progressive art and design school sympathetic to the movement) but Constructivist ideas were also carried to other art centers, like Paris, London, and eventually the United States...
	www.the-artists.org /MovementView.cfm?id=8A01EE8B-BBCF-11D4-A93500D0B7069B40 (78 words)

	mike king \| writings \| Computers and Modern Art: Digital Art Museum
		Norbert Lynton in his introduction to ‘The Story of Modern Art’ points out that the conventional or received views on modern art were determined by a small group of curators and critics, such as Alfred Barr, director of the Museum of Modern Art in New York [11].
		Cubism might be seen as the modernist precursor par excellence, an art that rejected older methods of representation and subject matter, and which resonated with discoveries in mathematics and science, in particular of the fourth dimension and relativity.
		Inherent in Kandinsky’s analysis of the spiritual art was an elitism, symbolised by his upward-moving triangle [19], which ran counter to the new thinking.
	www.jnani.org /mrking/writings/post2000/DAMCC4full.htm (6100 words)

	Picasso to Plensa at Albuquerque Museum \| Art Knowledge News
		Albuquerque, NM- Picasso to Plensa: A Century of Art from Spain at The Albuquerque Museum highlights the diversity of twentieth and early twenty-first century Spanish art and includes examples of cubism, surrealism, constructivism, and geometric abstraction.
		The series of three exhibitions highlighting the art of Spain started in April 2005 with El Alma de Espana: The Soul of Spain which concentrated on the Golden Age of Spain and the works consisted mainly of religious and still life subjects.
		It is a unique opportunity for visitors to see the conclusion of 100 years of art from Spain and is presented as part of the City of Albuquerque’s Tricentennial celebration.
	www.artknowledgenews.com /node/1393 (342 words)

	Constructivism
		In Russia, the proposition that the purpose of art was to enhance the quality of life, bringing aesthetics to a practical level, came under attack as an anti-revolutionary celebration of a bourgeoisie privilege.
		His theory remains open to the politicization of art, shrinks from the aesthetification of political or market forces, and offers a counter-position to what might be called the counter-revolutionary stance of "high" art.
		This stance, often associated with Picasso, in the thought of some art critics like Clement Greenberg [see excerpt], attributes to the aesthetic object a life or value of its own in a sphere that is removed from or above the sphere of daily life.
	faculty.dwc.edu /wellman/constructivism.htm (560 words)

	Art
		Odjig: The Art of Daphne Odjig, 1960-2000 by Daphne Odjig, Bob Boyer, Carol Pokedworny, Phillip Gevik (Firefly) is a graceful blend of biography, essay, and critique which illuminates the importance of this gifted artist to the Canadian artistic community and provides art lovers with a rare glimpse into the extraordinary heart of this painter.
		Pamela Krueger, an award-winning appreciator of Canadian art, discusses in the introduction the course of Odjig's life and career and places her art into its cultural context.
		As the first curator of photography at the Museum of Modem Art in New York City, he created the landmark exhibit "The Family of Man," which has touched a global audience of millions since its opening in 1955 and is still the most widely seen photo show in history.
	www.wordtrade.com /arts/artR.htm (2044 words)

	Virtual museum of political art - totalitarian art - new constructivism - Russian art - Austrian art - Soviet realism
		This style was an ideology enforced by the Soviet state as the official standard for art.
		It was defined 1934 at the First All-Union Congress of Soviet Writers and was based on the principle that art should promote political and social ideals set by the state.
		On the contrary, artworks of the Nationalsocialist era are presented to initiate a broad discussion about the relationship between dictatorship and art of this time and to provide historical information on-line.
	members.telering.at /pat/museum.htm (1079 words)

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