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Topic: Constructivism (learning theory)

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Learning theory (education)

Formulating knowledge for learning

Constructivism (pedagogical)

	Constructivism, Workplace Learning, and Vocational Education. ERIC Digest
		Constructivism, a learning theory that has received support from recent cognitive research, suggests a way to restructure the learning environment that will make transfer more effective.
		The theory of constructivism rests on the notion that there is an innate human drive to make sense of the world.
		The learning environment should reproduce the key aspects of communities of practice: authentic activities sequenced in complexity, multiple experiences and examples of knowledge application, access to experts, and a social context in which learners collaborate on knowledge construction.
	www.ericdigests.org /1998-1/learning.htm (1881 words)

	Constructivism (learning theory) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Constructivism is a set of assumptions about the nature of human learning that guide constructivist learning theories and teaching methods of education.
		Formalization of the theory of constructivism is generally attributed to Jean Piaget, who articulated mechanisms by which knowledge is internalized by learners.
		Social constructivism thus emphasizes the importance of the learner being actively involved in the learning process, unlike previous educational viewpoints where the responsibility rested with the instructor to teach and where the learner played a passive, receptive role.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Constructivism_(learning_theory) (3766 words)

	Learning Theory
		Constructivism contradicts the idea that learning is the transmission of content to a passive receiver.
		Problem-based learning, which encourages learners to construct knowledge based on the experience of solving problems, is significantly different from methods such as recall and repetition.
		Learning spaces should accommodate the use of as many kinds of materials as possible and enable the display of and access to those materials by all participants.
	www.dartmouth.edu /comp/about/pubs/2005-spaces/theory.html (1691 words)

	Using Constructivism in Technology-Mediated Learning: <br>Constructing Order out of the Chaos in the Literature
		The purpose of this paper is to identify and categorize the positions of constructivism learning theories, their relationships to each other, and the implications for instructional practice for each position.
		Cooperative learning is a "learner-centered instructional process in which small, intentionally selected groups of 3-5 students work interdependently on a well-defined learning task; individual students are held accountable for their own performance and the instructor serves as a facilitator in the group learning process" (Cuseo, 1997).
		There are a variety of positions of constructivism learning theory that vary in belief with respect to the extent that knowledge construction is subjective versus objective and the extent that knowledge construction is a social versus an individual process.
	radicalpedagogy.icaap.org /content/issue1_2/02kanuka1_2.html (8959 words)

	Constructivist Learning Theory
		Learning is not understanding the "true" nature of things, nor is it (as Plato suggested) remembering dimly perceived perfect ideas, but rather a personal and social construction of meaning out of the bewildering array of sensations which have no order or structure besides the explanations (and I stress the plural) which we fabricate for them.
		Learning is a social activity: our learning is intimately associated with our connection with other human beings, our teachers, our peers, our family as well as casual acquaintances, including the people before us or next to us at the exhibit.
		Learning is contextual: we do not learn isolated facts and theories in some abstract ethereal land of the mind separate from the rest of our lives: we learn in relationship to what else we know, what we believe, our prejudices and our fears.
	www.exploratorium.edu /IFI/resources/constructivistlearning.html (4139 words)

	Connecting Student Learning and Technology
		Constructivism, a learning theory informed by cognitive psychology, educational research, and neurological science, views learning as the product of experience and social discourse.
		Learning is a process of accommodation, assimilation, or rejection to construct new conceptual structures, meaningful representations, or new mental models.
		Constructivism is a theory of learning, but it does not dictate how that theory should be translated into classroom practice.
	www.sedl.org /pubs/tec26/intro2c.html (832 words)

	Contructivist Learning Theory
		Constructivism is often articulated in stark contrast to the behaviorist model of learning.
		Learning is conceived as a process of changing or conditioning observable behavior as result of selective reinforcement of an individual's response to events (stimuli) that occur in the environment.
		Von Glasersfeld (1995) argues that: "From the constructivist perspective, learning is not a stimulus-response phenomenon.
	www.cdli.ca /~elmurphy/emurphy/cle2b.html (1455 words)

	Funderstanding - Constructivism
		Constructivism is a philosophy of learning founded on the premise that, by reflecting on our experiences, we construct our own understanding of the world we live in.
		The purpose of learning is for an individual to construct his or her own meaning, not just memorize the "right" answers and regurgitate someone else's meaning.
		Since education is inherently interdisciplinary, the only valuable way to measure learning is to make the assessment part of the learning process, ensuring it provides students with information on the quality of their learning.
	www.funderstanding.com /constructivism.cfm (311 words)

	Constructivism Theory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Constructivism is a learning theory which asserts that children should be taught in a way that allows them to construct their own understandings about a subject.
		Constructivism is a theory of learning and knowledge that stresses the mental models that people establish for an activity or body of knowledge.
		Learning is the process of constructing a MentalModel of a domain, and discarding and reconstructing it when it proves inadequate (see WittgensteinsLadder).
	c2.com /cgi/wiki?ConstructivismTheory (312 words)

	Contructivist Learning Theory
		Constructivism is often articulated in stark contrast to the behaviorist model of learning.
		Learning is conceived as a process of changing or conditioning observable behavior as result of selective reinforcement of an individual's response to events (stimuli) that occur in the environment.
		Von Glasersfeld (1995) argues that: "From the constructivist perspective, learning is not a stimulus-response phenomenon.
	www.stemnet.nf.ca /~elmurphy/emurphy/cle2b.html (1455 words)

	Constructivism - Secondary
		Constructivism's implications for K-12 classrooms are identified in the next section, including the following elements of constructivist theory and their application in the classroom: the importance of prior understandings; learning as an adaptive activity; knowledge as constructed; resistance to change; learning as situated; and the role of social interaction.
		The challenges of establishing constructivist learning environments and using technology to support them are addressed in the fourth section, including barriers to technology implementation, teachers' resistance to change, students' resistance to change, the dilemma of "right" answers versus student understandings, and the need for in-depth understandings of pedagogy, subject matter, and skills in using technology.
		AB: This exploration of constructivism begins with a discussion of constructivist epistemology and learning theory, explaining that constructivist epistemology is difficult to label, though many writers, educators, and researchers have come to an agreement about how this constructivist epistemology should affect educational practice and learning.
	www.indiana.edu /~reading/ieo/bibs/cons-sec.html (2335 words)

	TIP: Theories
		A major theme in the theoretical framework of Bruner is that learning is an active process in which learners construct new ideas or concepts based upon their current/past knowledge.
		Bruner's constructivist theory is a general framework for instruction based upon the study of cognition.
		Note that Constructivism is a very broad conceptual framework in philosophy and science and Bruner's theory represents one particular perspective.
	tip.psychology.org /bruner.html (499 words)

	Learning Theory
		Learning occurs when new behaviors or changes in behaviors are acquired as the result of an individual’s response to stimuli.
		Learning is a change in knowledge stored in memory.
		Learning is the process where individuals construct new ideas or concepts based on prior knowledge and/or experience.
	www.my-ecoach.com /idtimeline/learningtheory.html (306 words)

	Learning theory (education) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In psychology and education, learning theories are attempts to describe how people learn, thereby helping us understand the inherently complex process of learning.
		Constructivism views learning as a process in which the learner actively constructs or builds new ideas or concepts based upon current and past knowledge.
		To this end, many have split off from the mainstream holding that learning is a primarily self taught thing, and that the ideal learning situation is one that is self taught.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Learning_theory_(education) (617 words)

	constructivism learning theory
		Constructivism is described as a learning theory based on authentic and real-world situations.
		The constructivism theory is student-centered and encourages higher level processing skills to apply their working knowledge.
		Constructivism, Technology, and the Future of Classroom Learning Erik Strommen, Director of Research for Interactive Technologies, Children's Television Workshop, provides insight on how education needs to be taught in a more constructivist manner for students who have been raised in the technology generation.
	www.msu.edu /~purcelll/constructivismlearningtheory.htm (717 words)

	Constructivism as a Paradigm for Teaching and Learning
		Constructivism modifies that role, so that teachers help students to construct knowledge rather than to reproduce a series of facts.
		Constructivism transforms the student from a passive recipient of information to an active participant in the learning process.
		Constructivism is also often misconstrued as a learning theory that compels students to "reinvent the wheel." In fact, constructivism taps into and triggers the student's innate curiosity about the world and how things work.
	www.thirteen.org /edonline/concept2class/constructivism/index.html (715 words)

	Constructivism in learning
		Constructivism is the label given to a set of theories about learning which fall somewhere between cognitive and humanistic views.
		The role of the teacher is to enter into a dialogue with the learner, trying to understand the meaning to that learner of the material to be learned, and to help her or him to refine their understanding until it corresponds with that of the teacher.
		One strand of constructivism may be traced to the writings of John Dewey, who emphasised the place of experience in education.
	www.learningandteaching.info /learning/constructivism.htm (640 words)

	Learning Theory
		Because the sheer number of learning theories can be overwhelming, this module presents cursory introductions to a wide variety of those theories first.
		Cooperative learning is an approach that requires interaction among learners for learning to occur.
		Learning is “the act, process, or experience of gaining knowledge or skills.” It is physiological as it requires “the formation of cell assemblies and phase sequences.
	www.texascollaborative.org /Learning_Theory.htm (1089 words)

	Learning Theory
		The claim is that these deficiencies in the outcomes of learning, are strongly influenced by underlying biases and assumptions in the design of instruction which represent the instructional domain and its associated performance demands in an unrealistically simplified and well-structured manner.
		Keasley writes “Lave argues that learning as it normally occurs is a function of the activity, context and culture in which it occurs (i.e., it is situated).
		In addition, what it means to learn both as an individual and as a group, and what is means to have learned are also questioned.
	pirate.shu.edu /~salomodb/DL/learning_theory.htm (1089 words)

	Constructivism: From philosophy to practice
		Constructivism does not claim to have made earth-shaking inventions in the area of education; it merely claims to provide a solid conceptual basis for some of the things that, until now, inspired teachers had to do without theoretical foundation.
		Von Glasersfeld describes constructivism as a "theory of knowledge with roots in philosophy, psychology and cybernetics" (p.162).
		Although there are those who will argue that constructivism does not provide a model for implementation, numerous researchers, educators and authors are actively engaged in using constructivist principles to design and implement new learning environments.
	www.stemnet.nf.ca /~elmurphy/emurphy/cle.html (645 words)

	Constructivism and Technology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Constructivism as a theory of learning has existed for over one hundred years but has not been widely accepted or applied in public schools.
		Constructivism as a theory of learning is juxtaposed to behavioral theory.
		Constructivism as a theory will be forced into play by emerging technologies because it is impossible for a teacher to use didactic methodology in a technology-rich classroom.
	pixel.cs.vt.edu /edu/fis/techcons.html (3385 words)

	Constructivist Learning Design Paper
		We asked the ten facilitators to answer this question, "What is constructivism?" The results were interesting because all of their definitions were quite different and reflected their own understanding of the term and the text.
		Constructivism represents a paradigm shift from education based on behaviorism to education based on cognitive theory.
		We are proposing a new approach for planning using a "Constructivist Learning Design" that honors the common assumptions of constructivism and focuses on the development of situations as a way of thinking about the constructive activities of the learner rather than the demonstrative behavior of the teacher.
	www.prainbow.com /cld/cldp.html (2381 words)

	Constructivism
		Constructivist learning is based on students' active participation in problem-solving and critical thinking regarding a learning activity which they find relevant and engaging.
		Constructivism, a learning theory that has received support from recent cognitive research, suggests a way to restructure the learning enviroment that will make transfer more effective.
		Von Glasersfeld(1995) argues that.." learning is not a stimulus response phenomenon.
	hagar.up.ac.za /catts/learner/2001/untiedt_jsh/projects/loo/web_page/constructivism.html (777 words)

	A journey into Constructivism - Martin Dougiamas
		Constructivism is a theory, a tool, a lens for examining educational practices.
		Constructivism has been said to be post-epistemological, meaning that it is not another epistemology, or a way of knowing.
		Despite the very fluid nature of constructivism and it's many faces, I now believe that attempting to understand it while simultaneously applying that understanding in a reflective manner promotes the development of influential mental constructs that are useful in the pursuit of more effective communications, teaching and learning.
	dougiamas.com /writing/constructivism.html (14451 words)

	Educational Psychology Interactive: Constructivistic Theory
		The constructivistic approach to teaching and learning is based on a combination of a subset of research within cognitive psychology and a subset of research within social psychology, just as behavior modification techniques are based on operant conditioning theory within behavioral psychology.
		Activity theory and situated learning are two examples of modern work based on the work of Vygotsky and some of his followers.
		Principles of learning from an information processing perspective such as recognizing the limits of short-term memory, providing many opportunities for students to connect prior knowledge to current learning, and recognizing the need for spaced practice can also be implemented within a constructivistic approach.
	chiron.valdosta.edu /whuitt/col/cogsys/construct.html (1140 words)

	Learning Theory
		They want to learn; they paid their fee for their course, have shown up for the class or accessed the information online, yet they seem to be paralyzed.
		The guided exploration cards allowed for much faster initial learning and more successful performance in the achievement task The learning time for the GE participants was less than half of what it was for their SM counterparts; 3 hours and 55 minutes vs. 8 hours and 5 minutes (Carroll,1990).
		Even though guided discovery that has been implemented in the inquisitive approach as well as other learning theories and approaches has been shown to be a more effective way to learn, many students still seek the comfort and solace of traditional systems based tutorials and manuals.
	www.quasar.ualberta.ca /edit537/modules/learning_theory.htm (2814 words)

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