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	Consul
		The oldest and most important magistracy was the consulship, which can best be described as a dual prime ministership or presidency.
		Under the empire, the consulship was often held for only two months; in this way, twelve senators could occupy the empire's highest office.
		At that time, the consulship was only a little more than a purely honorary title and the minimum age had been lowered considerably.
	www.livius.org /cn-cs/consul/consul.html (529 words)

	Roman timeline from 49BC to 28BC
		Consulship of Gaius Claudius Marcellus and Lucius Cornelius Lentulus Crus.
		Consulship of Marcus Aemilius Lepidus and Lucius Munatius Plancus.
		Consulship of Lucius Antonius Pietas and Publius Servilius Isauricus.
	myweb.tiscali.co.uk /temetfutue/timeline/tl_Transition.htm (2499 words)

	Consul - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		According to tradition, the consulship was initially reserved for patricians; not until 367 BC did the plebeians win the right to stand for office, when the lex Licinia Sextia provided that at least one consul each year should be plebeian.
		With the passage of time, the consulship became the normal endpoint of the cursus honorum, the sequence of offices pursued by the ambitious Roman.
		Holding the consulship was apparently such an honor that the break-away Gallic Empire had its own pairs of consuls during its existence (260–274).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Consul (778 words)

	C301 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-24)
		in the consulship of Sisenna Statilius and Lucius Scribonius
		in the consulship of Gaius Caelius and Lucius Pomponius.
		in the consulship of Cossus Cornelius Lentulus and Marcus Asinius
	www.umich.edu /~classics/programs/class/cc/372/sibyl/db/C301.html (258 words)

	Marcus Claudius Marcellus
		In his first consulship (222) he was engaged, with Gnaeus Cornelius Scipio[?] as colleague, in war against the Insubrian Gauls, and won the spolia opima for the third and last time in Roman history by slaying their chief Viridomarus[?] or Virdumarus (Polybius ii.
		In 216, after the defeat at Cannae, he took command of the remnant of the army at Cariusium[?], and although he was unable to prevent Capua going over to Hannibal, he saved Nola and southern Campania.
		In his last consulship (208), he and his colleague, while reconnoitring near Venusia, were unexpectedly attacked, and Marcellus was killed.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ma/Marcus_Claudius_Marcellus.html (221 words)

	Consul: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com
		Two consuls were elected each year, they served together with veto power over each other's actions, and the year of their service was known by their names.
		For instance, the year we commonly call 59 BC was called by the Romans "the year of Caesar and Bibulus," since the two colleagues in the consulship were Julius Caesar and Marcus Calpurnius Bibulus.
		For example, Honorius was conferred the consulship upon his birth.
	www.encyclopedian.com /co/Consul.html (502 words)

	The Detective and the Toga: Roman Mysteries by Time Period
		Consulship of Lucius Julius Caesar and Publius Rutilius Lupus (90 BC):
		Consulship of Lucius Julius Caesar and Caius Marcius Figulus (64 BC):
		Consulship of Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus Marcellinus and Lucius Marcius Philippus (56 BC):
	histmyst.org /time.html (362 words)

	Marius - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Seeking permission from Metellus to go to Rome to do so, he was urged to reconsider, and advised by Metellus to wait to run with Metellus's son (who was only twenty, which would signify a campaign twenty years in the future).
		Election in absentia was unusual enough, but at some time after 152 BC a law had been passed dictating a ten-year interval between Consulships, and there is even some evidence to indicate that by 135 BC a law prohibited second Consulships altogether.
		Cinna was elected to two more Consulships afterwards and then died during a mutiny when trying to lead his forces into Greece.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Marius (3610 words)

	resgestae
		In my sixth consulship with Marcus Agrippa as colleague [28 BC], I carried out a census of the people, and I performed a lustrum after a lapse of forty-two years; at that lustrum 4,063,000 Roman citizens were registered.
		2 In the consulship of Marcus Lepidus and Lucius Arruntius [AD 6], when the military treasury was founded by my advice for the purpose of paying rewards to soldiers who had served for twenty years or more, I transferred to it from my own patrimony 170,000,000 sesterces.
		In my thirteenth consulship [2 BC] I was the first to produce the games of Mars, which thereafter in each succeeding year have been produced by the consuls in accordance with a decree of the senate and by statute.
	www.usd.edu /~sbucklin/leadership/resgestae.htm (2868 words)

	THE DECLINE OF THE REPUBLIC, PART II: THE ERA OF MILITARY COMMANDERS, 112-60 B (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-24)
		Thus Marius reached the consulship with a powerful anti-nobility coalition behind him; but thereafter he was a member of the nobility, and his conservative instincts led him to seek acceptance in that exalted circle.
		For the duration of the crisis he held consecutive consulships in defiance of all constitutional precedent but apparently with the sanction of the senate, with whom his relations were at this time harmonious.
		In his consulship (115) he secured a triumph for victories in Liguria and was, surprisingly, appointed princeps senatus by the censors, in circumstances which are unclear.
	www.portergaud.edu /cmcarver/decl.html (10619 words)

	Pompey (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-24)
		In 67 BC, two years after his consulship, Pompey was nominated commander of a special naval task force to campaign against the pirates that controlled the Mediterranean.
		Roman laws state that a general cannot cross the pomerium without losing the right of the triumph, but an electoral candidate must be in the city in order to apply personally for the election.
		Julius Caesar had returned from the Hispania provinces and was looking forward to his first consulship in 59 BC.
	www.bidprobe.com /en/wikipedia/p/po/pompey.html (2185 words)

	Res Gestae, U. of Sask. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-24)
		In my thirteenth consulship [2 B.C.] I gave 60 denarii [each] to the plebs who then were receiving grain rations; they were a few more than 200,000 men.
		In my sixth consulship [28 B.C.], on the authority of the senate, I rebuilt 82 temples of the gods in the city, with none omitted which at that time were in need of repair.
		In my seventh consulship [27 B.C.] I rebuilt the Flaminian Way from the city to Arminum [modern Rimini] and all the bridges with the exception of the Mulvian and Minucian bridges.
	duke.usask.ca /~porterj/DeptTransls/ResGest.html (2304 words)

	HI01 Web Reader Document
		At that time the consulship was also offered to me, to be held each year for the rest of my life, and I refused it.
		In the consulship of Marcus Lepidus and Lucius Arruntius [AD 6], when the military treasury was founded by my advice for the purpose of paying rewards to soldiers who had served for twenty years or more, I transferred to it from my own patrimony 170,000,000 sesterces.
		In my sixth consulship [28 BC] I restored eighty-two temples of the gods in the city on the authority of the senate, neglecting none that required restoration at that time.
	www.anselm.edu /academic/history/hdubrulle/WesternCiv1/text/generalinfo/documents/document02.htm (2811 words)

	Augustus
		For example, although the appointment of proconsular governors for the provinces had been taken out of the hands of the senate and arrogated to the triumvirs (a necessary measure since provincial governors were the commanders of armies), nonetheless the proconsuls continued to celebrate triumphs.
		In my sixth and seventh consulships, after I had extinguished civil wars, and at a time when with universal consent I was in complete control of affairs, I transferred the republic from my power to the dominion of the senate and people of Rome.
		There is a conflict in the sources about his identity, and Dio puts the whole affair in 22, but the Fasti support the date of 23, and the consequence, that the adjustment made by Augustus to his constitutional position in that year was a reaction to the crisis of the conspiracy.
	academic.reed.edu /humanities/110Tech/Augustus.html (3268 words)

	Seeds of conspiracy: The Oratory of Cicero (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-24)
		Although sources are not completely clear on all of Catiline's political posts, they are sure that at the age of 39 he held a praetorship in 68; this suggests that beforehand he also served as a quaestor c.
		This position was usually the precursor to consulship, a position which Cicero definitely had set his sights on obtaining.
		As the fight for the consulship continued, hostility grew not only between Cicero and Catiline, but between the elder generation of politicians and the reformers.
	www.skidmore.edu /academics/classics/courses/1999spring/cl201/cl201pro/cl201see.html (1605 words)

	Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, page 1164 (v. 3) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-24)
		Before Torquatus and Cotta entered upon the consulship, the first Catilinarian conspiracy, as it is called, was formed, in which Sulla and Paetus are said to have united with Catiline for the purpose of assassinating the consuls on the 1st of January.
		At this time and during his consulship Torquatus was in close connection with Hortensius, and he did not consult Cicero on any matters, although the latter was then praetor, and was very intimate with the younger Torquatus.
		After his consulship Torquatus obtained the province of Macedonia, where he performed some exploits; in consequence of which the senate, upon the motion of Cicero, conferred upon him the title of imperator.
	ancientlibrary.com /smith-bio/3498.html (914 words)

	[No title]
		And in the consulship of Marcus Lepidus and Lucius Arruntius I paid into the military treasury which was established by my advice that from it gratitities might be given to soldiers who had served a term of twenty or more years, one hundred ans seventy million sesterces from my own estates.
		In my fifth consulship I remitted to the municipia and Italian colonies the thirty-five thousand pounds given me as coronary gold on the occasion of my triumphs, and thereafter, as often as I was proclaimed imperator, I did not accept the coronary gold which the municipia and colonies voted to me as kindly as before.
		In my sixth and seventh consulships, when I had put an end to the civil wars, after having obtained complete control of affairs by universal consent, I transferred the commonwealth from my own dominion to the authority of the senate and Roman people.
	www.shsu.edu /~his_ncp/AugRes.html (2780 words)

	Consul
		Two consuls were elected each year, they served together with veto power over each other's actions, and the year of their service was known by their names.
		For instance, the year we commonly call 59 BC was called by the Romans "the year of Caesar and Bibulus," since the two colleagues in the consulship were Julius Caesar and Marcus Calpurnius Bibulus.
		For example, Honorius was conferred the consulship upon his birth.
	www.freearchive.info /co/consul.html (694 words)

	Roman Emperors - DIR Augustus
		In 28 with Agrippa as his colleague in his sixth consulship, Octavian held a census of the people and moderately reduced the swollen ranks of the senate from 1000 to 800 members, of which he was appointed the leading man.
		He held the consulship again on only two occasions, 5 and 2 B.C., to introduce his grandsons to public life; he held this office a total of thirteen times, nine of them consecutively from 31-23.
		In 19 Augustus was again begged to take the consulship, which he refused, and was summoned to Rome because of more unrest; the day he finally arrived was declared a holiday by the senate, and an altar was dedicated to Fortune the Homebringer.
	www.roman-emperors.org /auggiex.htm (6585 words)

	Marcus Tullius Cicero Bio
		From the Quæstorship in Sicily to the Consulship (B.C. In B.C. 76 Cicero began his political career, becoming candidate for the quæstorship (the lowest grade of the cursus honorum), while Cotta was candidate for the consulship and Hortensius for the prætorship.
		Consulship (B.C. For the consulship of B.C. 63 there were six candidates, but of these only Cicero, Catiline, and C. Antonius were prominent.
		Consulship to Banishment (B.C. The execution of the conspirators without the forms of law was a blunder, and grievously did Cicero answer for it.
	info.uah.edu /student_life/organizations/SAL/texts/bios/mtcicero.html (3906 words)

	The Civil Wars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-24)
		At the expiration of his term, however, although others were invested with the consulship, he was none the less the supervisor, and ruler, and all-in-all in Rome.
		He enjoyed the good-will of the Senate, particularly because they were jealous of Csar, who did not consult the Senate during his consulship, and because Pompey had so speedily restored the sick commonwealth, and had not made himself troublesome or offensive to any of them during his term of office.
		He also induced the tribunes to bring in a law to enable himself to stand for the consulship a second time while absent, and this was enacted while Pompey was still consul and without opposition from him.
	daedalus.umkc.edu /sandbox/perseus/appian.cw_eng.xml/page.18.a.php (1959 words)

	POMPEIUS AND CRASSUS
		The consulship of 70 sets this pattern, and prefigures the great event in it: the establishment of friendship with Caesar in 60.
		Furthermore the consulship of 70 is shown also to be a turning point for Pompeius in his treatment of individuals.
		Plutarch's accounts of the consulship of 70 are integral to his larger purposes in the Pompeius and the Crassus.
	www.chass.utoronto.ca /~phoenix/contents_indices/Hillman.html (6280 words)

	Res Gestae, U. of Sask.
		In my thirteenth consulship [2 B.C.] I gave 60 denarii [each] to the plebs who then were receiving grain rations; they were a few more than 200,000 men.
		In my sixth consulship [28 B.C.], on the authority of the senate, I rebuilt 82 temples of the gods in the city, with none omitted which at that time were in need of repair.
		In my seventh consulship [27 B.C.] I rebuilt the Flaminian Way from the city to Arminum [modern Rimini] and all the bridges with the exception of the Mulvian and Minucian bridges.
	homepage.usask.ca /~jrp638/DeptTransls/ResGest.html (2304 words)

	History
		Fourth Consulship of Marius, he defeats the Teutones at Aquae Sextiae.
		Fifth Consulship of Marius, Catulus defeats the Cimibri.
		Sixth Consulship of marius, Traditional date for birth of Julius Caesar.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Olympus/6311/bessays.html (221 words)

	Pompey - WCD (Wiki Classical Dictionary) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-24)
		In the end, the Senate passed a decree exempting him from the usual limitations, and he was elected to the consulship for 70 BC alongside his new rival, Crassus.
		The most important result of their consulship was the resoration of the plebeian tribunes' ability to legislate, the only measure upon which the consuls cooperated during their term.
		When the demagogue Publius Clodius Pulcher was kiled in a street brawl with followers of his rival Titus Annius Milo, whose candidacy for the consulship Pompey bitterly opposed, the city erupted in violence; the Senate House was burnt as Clodius' funeral pyre.
	www.ancientlibrary.com /wcd/Pompey (1819 words)

	[No title]
		The plan of the conspirators was to fall upon the senate at the opening of the new year, and murder as many of them as should be thought necessary; upon which, Crassus was to assume the office of dictator, and appoint Caesar his master of the horse [22].
		It is uncertain whether this precipitancy arose from the apprehension of an impeachment, with which he was threatened on the expiration of his former office, or from his anxiety to lose no time in relieving the allies, who implored him to come to their aid.
		He likewise brought about a reconciliation between Pompey and Marcus Crassus, who had been at variance from (13) the time of their joint consulship, in which office they were continually clashing; and he entered into an agreement with both, that nothing should be transacted in the government, which was displeasing to any of the three.
	www.gutenberg.org /dirs/6/4/0/6400/6400.txt (16939 words)

	Eulogium of Marius (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-24)
		Marius captured him and during his triumph in his second consulship, ordered Jugurtha to be led in front of the general's chariot.
		During his fourth consulship, he destroyed an army of the Teutones.
		In his fifth consulship, he set to rights the Republic then in chaos because of the conspiracy of a tribune of the plebs and a praetor.
	www.personal.kent.edu /~bkharvey/roman/texts/elogmar.htm (228 words)

	A Clerical Portrait of Vortigern?, by Michael Veprauskas
		Vortigern reigned in Britain when Theodosius and Valentinian were consuls, and in the fourth year of his reign the Saxons came to Britain, in the consulship of Felix and Taurus, in the four hundredth year from the Incarnation of our Lord Jesus Christ.
		The Roman consulship was such an honor, that once an individual held this office, he generally continued to be referred by the title of "consul" for the rest of his life.
		Stilicho became regent to the young Honorius in 395 and held consulship in 400.
	www.vortigernstudies.org.uk /artgue/mikevort.htm (1958 words)

	Res Gestae Divi Augusti: "The Achievements of the Divine Augustus" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-24)
		In my sixth consulship with Marcus Agrippa as colleague [28 BC], I carried out a census of the people, and I performed a lustrum after a lapse of forty-two years; at that lustrum 4,063,000 Roman citizens were registered.
		2 In the consulship of Marcus Lepidus and Lucius Arruntius [AD 6], when the military treasury was founded by my advice for the purpose of paying rewards to soldiers who had served for twenty years or more, I transferred to it from my own patrimony 170,000,000 sesterces.
		In my thirteenth consulship [2 BC] I was the first to produce the games of Mars, which thereafter in each succeeding year have been produced by the consuls in accordance with a decree of the senate and by statute.
	www.skidmore.edu /academics/classics/courses/1999spring/hi361f/resgestae.html (2951 words)

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