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Topic: Containment building

	Containment building - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The containment is the final barrier to radioactive release, the first being the fuel ceramic itself, the second being the metal fuel cladding tubes, the third being the reactor vessel and coolant system.
		For a pressurized water reactor, the containment also encloses the steam generators and the pressurizer, and is the entire reactor building.
		Containment buildings in the U.S. are subjected to Containment Integated Leak Rate Tests (CILRTs) on a periodic basis, both to identify the possible leakage in an accident and to locate and fix leakage paths.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Containment_building (838 words)

	Encyclopedia: Containment (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The epitome of containment may have been domino theory, which held that allowing one regional state to fall to communism would threaten the entire region, similar to a series of dominoes toppling.
		Container ships are by now, all purpose-built and, as a class, they are the biggest cargo ships on the oceans, right after crude oil carriers, or tankers.
		Container ships are cargo ships that carry all of their load in truck-size containers, in a technique called containerization.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Containment (1918 words)

	Encyclopedia: Containment building (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Core of a nuclear reactor A nuclear reactor is a device in which nuclear chain reactions are initiated, controlled, and sustained at a steady rate (as opposed to a nuclear explosion, where the chain reaction occurs in a split second).
		There are several common designs, but for safety-analysis purposes containments are categorized as either "large-dry," "sub-atmospheric," or "ice-condenser." A pressurised water reactor (PWR) is a type of nuclear power reactor that uses ordinary light water for both coolant and for neutron moderation.
		Developed during the Stalin era, the policy of containment derived from the belief that Communism in general, and the Soviet system in particular, required the stability of a global state-controlled economy.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Containment-building (1413 words)

	Experience with Periodic Leakage Rate Tests of FBTR Reactor Containment Building (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		FBTR containment structure is of reinforced concrete construction (RCC) of 25 m diameter with containment wall being 900 mm thick.
		Below ground level, the containment building is divided into various shielded cells to house reactor vessel, primary sodium systems and their auxiliary systems.
		After completing reactor containment building construction works, the first proof test was conducted in Sep '83 at the design pressure of 235 mb(g) and the estimated leakage rate was 0.054% volume per hour.
	www.igcar.ernet.in /lis/nl43/ta1.html (865 words)

	Biological Containment (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		For environmental reasons, a state highway department uses a dome for salt storage on the basis of the estimation that 80 to 90 percent of environmental problems associated with the use of salt on roads is due to improper storage (Anonymous 1988).
		It is this surface area which consists of building materials, and comprises the exterior skin of the building through which heat is gained, or lost.
		Buildings located in areas away from the general population might be advocated, but it would be more effective to place the treatment centers close to the problems in areas of dense population.
	www.monolithic.com /plan_design/bio (2446 words)

	Containment Building Crane Demolished Safely
		Maine Yankee's 330-ton containment building polar crane was safely removed at 4 p.m.
		Explosive charges severed the steel beams supporting the crane, dropping the structure onto the upper floor of the containment building.
		Containment demolition, cleanup, and debris removal will be ongoing into the fall of 2004.
	boothbayregister.maine.com /2002-12-26/containment_building_crane.html (239 words)

	Nuclear reactor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The nuclear reactors are inside the two cylindrical containment buildings in the foreground—behind are the cooling towers (venting water vapor).
		This was because the Chernobyl reactors were known to be an unsafe design (RBMKs) without containment buildings and operated unsafely, and the West had little to learn from them [2].
		Over $90 million of damage was done, largely to a water tank and to a smokestack of one of the fossil-fueled units on-site, but the containment buildings were undamaged [4] [5].
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nuclear_reactors (3178 words)

	Hazardous Waste Generator's Self-Inspection Checklist Page 2
		Containers holding ignitable or reactive waste must be located 15 m (50 ft.) from the property line of the facility (40 CFR 262.34(a)(1)(i) and 265.176).
		Containment buildings are required to be designed according to specific standards (40 CFR 262.34(a)(1)(iv), 265.1101(a)(1), 265.1101(a)(2), 265.1101(a)(4), and 265.1101(b)).
		Containment buildings are required to be operated according to specific standards (40 CFR 262.34(a)(1)(iv), 265.1101(a)(3), 265.1101(c)(1), and 265.1101(c)(4)).
	www.ehso.com /Hazwaste/HW_Gen_Checklist2.htm (7538 words)

	Nat' Academies Press, Impact of Revised Airborne Exposure Limits on Non-Stockpile Chemical Materiel Program Activities ...
		Building 143 was reported to be in generally good condition, with double wall construction and insulation between the walls.
		The primary containment is maintained under negative pressure and the outlet air is purified by an activated carbon filter element (a chemical removal system that ensures that VX is not passed to the atmosphere).
		An area containment (formally called a secondary containment structure) is in place and is maintained under negative pressure during the cutting operation and the exhaust air is filtered.
	www.nap.edu /books/030909545X/html/16.html (11802 words)

	PA Bulletin, Doc. No. 97-72e
		(4) A containment building shall have a primary barrier designed to withstand the movement of personnel, waste and handling equipment in the unit during the operating life of the unit and appropriate for the physical and chemical characteristics of the waste to be managed.
		In addition, the containment building shall meet the requirements of § 265.193(b) and (c) to be considered an acceptable secondary containment system for a tank.
		In addition, for the purposes of closure, postclosure and financial responsibility, such a containment building is then considered to be a landfill, and the owner or operator shall meet the requirements for landfills specified in Subchapters G and H. Subchapter C. Use constituting disposal; standards applicable to users.
	www.pabulletin.com /secure/data/vol27/27-2/72e.html (5142 words)

	NYSDEC Regulations SubPart 373-3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		(iv) A containment building must have a primary barrier designed to withstand the movement of personnel, waste, and handling equipment in the unit during the operating life of the unit and appropriate for the physical and chemical characteristics of the waste to be managed.
		('c') The secondary containment system must be constructed of materials that are chemically resistant to the waste and liquids managed in the containment building and of sufficient strength and thickness to prevent collapse under the pressure exerted by overlaying materials and by any equipment used in the containment building.
		In addition, for the purposes of closure, post-closure, and financial responsibility, such a containment building is then considered to be a landfill, and the owner or operator must meet all of the requirements for landfills specified in sections 373-3.7 and 373-3.8 of this Subpart.
	www.dec.state.ny.us /website/regs/subpart373_03e.html (3651 words)

	Geodesic hazardous waste containment building - Patent 5325642 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		A spherical building for the containment of hazardous waste material as recited in claim 1 in which a means for supporting the outer domes and the inner spherical structure of said building in a concentric relationship further comprises:
		A spherical building for the containment of hazardous waste material as recited in claim 1 in which a conduit of said building further comprises a passageway able to accommodate the movement of humans and equipment.
		1: geodesic hazardous waste containment building comprises an above grade outer dome secondary containment envelope 10 joined to the earth at its base by a concrete apron drain pad 36 which is graded for drainage of rainwater and snow away from the center of the building.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5325642.html (3334 words)

	Pressure relief device for a nuclear reactor containment building - Patent 4131509
		Reactor building according to claim 1 wherein the cassette-shaped membranes at the edge of said tight skin are connected to folding bellows serving as sealing means.
		Reactor building according to claim 3 wherein said gratings and said membranes are spaced apart a distance equal to at least half the length of a cassette-like subdivision.
		It is an object of the invention to provide a reactor building of the foregoing general type with more advantageous means than heretofore in order to achieve large-area relief of the equipment rooms in the case where an escape of reactor coolant occurs, so as to produce, advantageously, lower excess pressures.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4131509.html (1891 words)

	The Journal News 12/23/01 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		They concede, however, that the building is vulnerable to a crashing jet, that the effects of a blast and fire are unknown, and that protecting the spent fuel requires the ability to continually pour water on it from systems that may or may not work.
		The only area of agreement between Entergy and the outside analysts was that the containment buildings at Indian Point are among the strongest in the industry and are unlikely to be totally destroyed even if directly struck by a Boeing 767, the same kind of plane that hit the World Trade Center.
		Adjacent, but not attached to the containment buildings, is the spent fuel pool, located in a building with a flat, 2-foot-thick concrete roof.
	www.closeindianpoint.org /articles/tjn_122301.htm (2204 words)

	Disaster Advice Disaster Advice Glossary Access (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The secondary containment-unit is a staging area, where fungal contaminated building materials, already plastic bagged, are stored, and are waiting removal from the building.
		The secondary containment-unit is the main entry and access between the outside and the main contamination zone or area, as well as the exit and egress to the building.
		The building must be down to studs and the exterior walls.
	www.disasteradvice.co.uk /Glossary/Term/Access (2040 words)

	Building a containment for the upper pond to a water fall (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Building a containment for the upper pond to a water fall
		The problem I have is containment of the water at the top pool because of it's irregular shape and depth.
		When formed together the center area were the water will be contained and flow from is aprox.
	morgan.botany.uga.edu /wayne/messages/75.html (825 words)

	NRC: A Prioritization of Generic Safety Issues (NUREG-0933) - ITEM A-22: PWR MAIN STEAM LINE BREAK - CORE, REACTOR ...
		The evaluation of the consequences of major steam line break, either inside or outside of the containment, is based on the continuous rapid depressurization of one steam generator and the isolation of the main feedwater system when necessary.
		In the event of a steam line break inside containment, it is necessary to isolate the main feedwater to the steam generator associated with the failed line to preclude overpressurizing the containment and to limit the reactivity transient.
		Since in a PWR the main steam lines inside containment are seismically qualified, the probability that an earthquake would cause a break in the portion inside containment is very small.
	www.nrc.gov /reading-rm/doc-collections/nuregs/staff/sr0933/sec2/a22.html (1568 words)

	Development of a Large-Area Visual Inspection Device for Nuclear Containment Building Inspection
		The concrete containment structure is >30 years old and has a steel liner on the inside which is painted.
		Following the very successful inspection of the Ginna containment building dome steel liner, RG&E's NDE department asked for the 1,253 image data files be mapped onto a 3-dimensional model of the dome.
		IWL examinations include all accessible concrete areas on the outside of the containment building and could be performed while the plant is in operation so there were no time restraints except for weather.
	www.ndt.net /article/wcndt00/papers/idn791/idn791.htm (1890 words)

	FFTF Containment Interior
		The building was designed to prevent the release of radioactive material to the atmosphere in case of a severe reactor accident.
		Two features contribute to the containment structure's ability to keep radiation inside the building in the event of an accident: 1) the strength of its construction to resist damage from tornadoes, etc. and 2) its leak tightness to keep accidental contamination from getting out of the building.
		The containment building is 187 feet tall; that's about as tall as a 12-story building.
	picturethis.pnl.gov /picturet.nsf/All/3YLPXU?opendocument (222 words)

	Plant Engineering (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Once a fluid leaks into an annulus of a pipe, only a primary means of containment exists unless tertiary containment is in the system design such as placing the double-walled pipe into a tertiary concrete structure.
		While this aspect of double containment piping sounds obvious, it often is a source of surprise and frustration for a plant engineer.
		This side of double containment piping is a limiting factor, particularly when a system is being installed as a retrofit into an existing facility.
	www.manufacturing.net /ple/article/CA514252 (1736 words)

	The Journal News 02/15/02 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Officials at Entergy Nuclear, which owns the nuclear power plant in Buchanan, said yesterday that the rust stems from water leaks inside the building, and that the building's structural integrity has not been compromised.
		Containment buildings are pressure-tested every decade, though extensions can be granted for up to five years.
		The building's air conditioning system uses Hudson River water for cooling and, when the system's pipes began leaking, 200,000 gallons of water spread throughout the building before the leaks' source was found.
	www.closeindianpoint.org /articles/tjn_021502_b.htm (1348 words)

	Nuclear Power Plant Containment Pressure Control Systems
		There are several methods used to control containment pressure during severe postulated accidents involving a loss of coolant from the nuclear plant's reactor coolant system.
		The single function of these systems in to remove the heat and reduce the pressure in the containment building during a postulated accident.
		This building is maintained at a vacuum relative to the pressure in any of the reactor containments.
	www.nucleartourist.com /systems/cs.htm (414 words)

	Boston.com / News / Local / Maine / Bringing down containment building is no small task (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Maine Yankee's 150-foot-tall containment building is made of cast concrete reinforced with steel.
		Designed to withstand hurricanes and tornadoes, its walls are 4 1/2 feet thick at the base and 2 1/2 feet thick at the top of the dome.
		It'll be the first time a commercial reactor containment building is brought down that way, according to Controlled Demolition Inc. and Manafort Bros.
	www.boston.com /news/local/maine/articles/2004/09/12/bringing_down_containment_building_is_no_small_task (314 words)

	NJDEP SRWM - OCR: Fact Sheet 2 - Casie Ecology Oil Salvage, Inc. (2004)
		Operation of a containment building (Containment Pad A) for the storage, treatment and transfer of containerized solid and hazardous wastes.
		Also, the increased container storage/treatment capacity of 128,472 gallons is due significantly to the inclusion of previously exempt activities in the permit.
		The building’s exhaust stream will be controlled with filters, to capture and control particulates, and activated carbon adsorption units, to capture and control volatile organic compounds.
	www.state.nj.us /dep/srp/community/sites/pi/46188fs02.htm (1026 words)

	Nuclear Energy Questions that often go unanswered
		We estimate the floor of the containment to be 140 feet in diameter, and ten feet thick.
		It is unlikely that this steam would lift the containment building, because there are ways in which the pressure can be relieved.
		The other way for the floor of the containment to be breached is for the heating to be localized, melting a hole in the concrete allowing the molten uranium and fission products to flow toward the ground.
	www.cavendishscience.org /bks/nuc/quests.htm (3782 words)

	Global Wrap® - About us (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		We know how critical containments are in completing a contract on time.
		Many of the largest construction companies in the country have used us for the winter wrapping of the steel structures in order to keep the heat in the structure while construction kept going forward.
		We mitigate the loss and have saved many buildings and homes from further damage after a hurricane or fire takes the roof off.
	www.globalwrap.com (175 words)

	SignOnSanDiego.com > News > Nation -- Maine's defunct nuclear power plant to come down this week – with a ...
		WISCASSET, Maine – The most visible symbol of Maine's nuclear power past – the massive domed containment building at the defunct Maine Yankee plant – will be eliminated from the landscape with a big boom this week.
		Explosives will bring down the reinforced concrete structure Friday, the first time explosives have been used to knock down a commercial reactor containment building, said Justin Manafort, of Manafort Bros, which is overseeing the decommissioning.
		Already, the visitor center and the spent fuel pool are gone, and workers recently removed the pavement from the parking lot of the administrative building.
	www.signonsandiego.com /news/nation/20040916-0147-nuclearplant.html (519 words)

	Research: LWR Containment Response
		Under conditions where jets enter containment volumes, injecting momentum, the volumes can become well mixed, while under conditions where injected momentum is low, stable stratification occurs, as is commonly observed in enclosure fires.
		The boundary condition for condensation rates in reactor containment buildings is provided by mixing processes in large enclosures.
		The importance of such condensation in controlling the containment pressure, along with the work of Dr. Novak Zuber recommending the application to reactor thermal hydraulics of scaling methods that have been developed for large-scale environmental systems, inspired the group to develop a new scaling method for mixing in large reactor containment volumes [A39].
	www.nuc.berkeley.edu /thyd/peterson/lwr.html (1109 words)

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