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Topic: Contemporary Philosophers

	Running head: Philosophical Counseling
		These philosophical lessons may be shared with clients in need.
		The existential writer Blackman (1971) writes, “Every philosopher seeks to establish his statements by some method, and in turn his statements are examined in the light of the method he has used to establish them” (p.
		Philosophers, both historic and contemporary, devote their lives to understanding such diverse ideas as morality to the nature of understanding.
	www.shsu.edu /~piic/Fall2003/halbur.html (1380 words)

	Complete Course List
		Some main philosophical problems about persons and their place in the world: the nature of persons and personal identity; mind and body; persons as free agents in a deterministic world; the subjectivity of personal values and the objectivity of moral requirements; the meaning of life.
		An introduction to philosophical thinking through the study of existentialist themes, including being oneself, loving others, the validity and limits of morality, and the meaning of life in the face of the inevitability of suffering and death.
		Examines philosophical issues concerning science such as observational versus theoretical concepts, the nature of laws and theories, the logic of scientific explanation, reduction of concepts and theories, probability and confirmation, functional and teleological analysis, scientific changes and revolutions, and the realist versus irrealist interpretation of theories.
	www.brown.edu /Departments/Philosophy/courses1.html (2261 words)

	Language, philosophy of : Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy Online
		Philosophical interest in language, while ancient and enduring (see Language, ancient philosophy of; Language, medieval theories of; Language, Renaissance philosophy of; Language, early modern philosophy of), has blossomed anew in the past century.
		Philosophical interest in language is maintained by foundational and conceptual questions in linguistics, quintessentially philosophical problems about the connections between mind, language and the world, and issues about philosophical methodology.
		Philosophical interest in pragmatics typically has had its source in a prior interest in semantics – in a desire to understand how meaning and truth are situated in the concrete practices of linguistic communication.
	www.rep.routledge.com /article/U017 (1907 words)

	The Metaphilosophy of Naturalism
		The philosophical goal of pursuing knowledge about the truth of naturalism contributes to bringing the philosopher to an epistemic state where a cultural consequence is that the person desires and (if conditions are appropriate) endeavors to bring about a certain state of culture, in this case, a mainly secularized academia.
		When a philosopher engages in a philosophically governed act of achieving a cultural goal, her action is considerably more tentative and open to opposing views than a social activist who does not pursue this cultural goal in a philosophically governed way.
		Due to the typical attitude of the contemporary naturalist, which is similar to the attitude expressed by Searle in the previous quote, the vast majority of naturalist philosophers have come to hold (since the late 1960s) an unjustified belief in naturalism.
	www.philoonline.org /library/smith_4_2.htm (6652 words)

	FALL 1997 COURSE DESCRIPTIONS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The methods philosophers use in generating and conducting investigation in their own particular subject matter, as well as many of the issues philosophers concern themselves with, can be relevant to all sorts of subject matters, which are not, of themselves, partricularly philosophical.
		Philosophers believe some answers to these questions are better than others, and that the better answers are those that contain the stronger arguments.
		In recent years, however, philosophers have begun to question whether the lessons they have learned from examining this one science -- lessons about the structure of explanation, the nature of laws, the relation between theory and evidence, etc. -- are applicable to all sciences.
	polyglot.lss.wisc.edu /philosophy/INFO/DESC_F97.HTM (6387 words)

	20th WCP: Consciousness and Intentionality of Action
		Philosophers debate whether consciousness and intentionality are somehow ‘connected’; whether we have reason to be more optimistic about an objective,’; ‘scientific’ or ‘third person’ ‘account’ of intentionality than about an analogous account of consciousness.
		In this paper, I shall try to say something about the ground for the rather wide-spread philosophical resistance to the answer, and I shall also outline the kind of considerations that I think are required to judge whether a wedge can or cannot be driven between consciousness and intentionality of action.
		I also have in mind the view, commonly held among philosophers inspired by the later Wittgenstein, that such differences as those between searching for a flower and searching for a plant exceeding a certain length could not reside in the qualitative experiences which the agent has as he is acting (see e.g.
	www.bu.edu /wcp/Papers/Mind/MindSund.htm (2749 words)

	Philosopher - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		A philosopher is a person devoted to studying and producing results in philosophy.
		Several medieval philosophers have been given Latin nicknames -- some by their contemporaries, others by historians.
		The Philosopher is also the nickname of Joseph Haydn's Symphony No. 22.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Philosopher (308 words)

	The Claremont Institute - What Does Ernest Fortin Have to Say to Political Philosophers?
		This political philosophizing would correspond to the sort of questioning introduced into philosophy by Socrates' turning to the human things, to his calling philosophy down from the heavens and establishing it in cities, even bringing it into homes, and forcing it to ask questions about life and morality and the good and the bad things.
		But Fortin also never tires of pointing out that political philosophers, because they are unable to give a complete account of the universe, are likewise unable to establish that faith is false, and so they therefore cannot rule out faith as a competitor with political philosophy in the quest for self-knowledge.
		Philosophers must understand that their preoccupations may damage political society and that the city may defend itself in ways that damage philosophers.
	www.claremont.org /writings/02apsa_kries.html (2261 words)

	CHAPTER I
		Contemporary philosophers in Western countries call mostly for understanding the existence of human beings and the value and meaning of their activities.
		Many contemporary philosophers have been studying and re-establishing philosophy in a manner different from the modern philosophical pattern of thinking with the aim of breaking away from its straits and opening new roads for the further develop-ment of philosophy.
		Such modern philosophical characteristics as dualism and dogmatism were copied as they included elements of materialism and dialectics, while simply negating some contemporary philosophical elements which transcended the modern pattern of philosophical, thinking that they belonged to idealism.
	www.crvp.org /book/Series03/III-16/chapter_i.htm (5773 words)

	§38. Robert Adamson. I. Philosophers. Vol. 14. The Victorian Age, Part Two. The Cambridge History of English and ...
		The most learned of his contemporary philosophers, his earlier works are written from the standpoint of a neo-Hegelian idealism.
		The fundamental opposition of philosophical doctrines he regarded as “the opposition between Hegelianism on the one hand and scientific naturalism or realism on the other”; and he rejected the latter doctrine because its explanation of thought as the product of antecedent conditions was incompetent to explain thought as self-consciousness.
		The problem which he set himself was to re-think from the former point of view the new material concerning nature, mind and history provided by modern science.
	www.bartleby.com /224/0138.html (475 words)

	Advice to Christian Philosophers
		Christian philosophers ought not merely take their inspiration from what's going on at Princeton or Berkeley or Harvard, attractive and scintillating as that may be; for perhaps those questions and topics are not the ones, or not the only ones, they should be thinking about as the philosophers of the Christian community.
		It is not the case that rationality, or proper philosophical method, or intellectual responsibility, or the new scientific morality, or whatever, require that we start from beliefs we share with everyone else-what common sense and current science teach, e.g.-and attempt to reason to or justify those beliefs we hold as Christians.
		Furthermore, while Christian philosophers need not and ought not to see themselves as involved, for example, in a common effort to determine whether there is such a person as God, we are all, theist and non-theist alike, engaged in the common human project of understanding ourselves and the world in which we find ourselves.
	www.leaderu.com /truth/1truth10.html (8650 words)

	Advice to Christian Philosophers How to mesh mainstream assumptions and presumptions with a Christian or theistic way ...
		Christian philosophers ought not merely take their inspiration from what's going on at Princeton or Berkeley or Harvard, attractive and scintillating as that may be; for perhaps those questions and topics are not the ones, or not the only ones, they should be thinking about as the philosophers of the Christian community.
		The Christian philosopher quite properly starts from the existence of God, and presupposes it in philosophical work, whether or not he can show it to be probable or plausible with respect to premises accepted by all philosophers, or most philosophers at the great contemporary centers of philosophy.
		Furthermore, while Christian philosophers need not and ought not to see themselves as involved, for example, in a common effort to determine whether there is such a person as God, we are all, theist and non-theist alike, engaged in the common human project of understanding ourselves and the world in which we find ourselves.
	www.believersweb.org /view.cfm?ID=1084 (8322 words)

	Charlotte Witt, Feminism and the Philosophical Canon
		Since not every philosopher is as blatant as Hegel, the idea that the gender of philosophers is important or even relevant to their work is a thought that runs counter to the self-image of philosophy.
		Most of the newly discovered women philosophers, though certainly not all, were not the mothers of contemporary feminist thought nor did they write philosophy in a different voice from their male counterparts.
		What the retrieval of women philosophers, and their inclusion in the philosophical canon has done is to challenge the myth that there are no women in the history of philosophy and the fallback position that if there are any women philosophers, they are unimportant.
	www.uh.edu /~cfreelan/SWIP/Witt.html (6713 words)

	RECENT PHILOSOPHY: Other Contemporary Philosophers
		Thus Gadamer's philosophical hermeneutics is concerned with all human and social sciences and lays claim to universality.
		Philosopher Richard Rorty (picture) has served as an important interpreter of European philosophers to analytically oriented Americans.
		His early career as an analytic philosopher provided a dramatic contrast to his later view of philosophy, which was strongly influenced by John Dewey.
	radicalacademy.com /adiphicontemphilosophers.htm (1347 words)

	INTRODUCTION
		Although this book does not seek to present a total picture or exhaustive history of the philosophical movement under discussion, both goals are borne in mind in each study: the reader is acquainted with the most important problem areas of philosophical hermeneutics as well as the stages of its appearances and development.
		This was a philosophical (or rather theosophical) adaptation of the Peripatetic noetics united with its astronomy and the neoplatonic (basically Plotinian, though paradoxically attributed to Aristotle) metaphysics of light, which passed into and charmed the Arab world.
		He is spreading the philosophical culture in the University of Siauliai in the north of Lithuania, the geographically distant from the capital.
	www.crvp.org /book/Series04/IVA-26/introduction.htm (5704 words)

	Open Directory - Society: Philosophy: Philosophers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Historians and Philosophers - A collection of links to biographies and scholarly works sorted by philosopher and time period.
		Philosophers - Alphabetical Index - An index of leading philosophers.
		The Radical Academy: Classic Philosophers - Biographical information for a selection of philosophers organized by historical period.
	dmoz.org /Society/Philosophy/Philosophers (205 words)

	ETV - Educational Television
		These questions, and other equally stimulating ones, are pursued through the writings of historic philosophers and interviews with contemporary philosophers.
		Learners are introduced to the diverse ways different philosophers have approached and answered these questions, and are encouraged to form their own views.
		Using writings of past philosophers, archival footage of more recent 20th century philosophers, and interviews with contemporary philosophers, the series underscores how these classic questions still reverberate in modern man.
	www.palomar.edu /etv/courseinfo/video_series_descriptions/phil101_video_series_description.html (956 words)

	Philosophy Course Descriptions: Spring 1996 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The methods philosophers use in generating and conducting investigation in their own particular subject matter, as well as many of the issues philosophers concern themselves with, can be relevant to all sorts of subject matters, which are not, of themselves, particularly philosophical.
		We shall study a number of moral issues of contemporary public interest: abortion, freedom of expression, government funding of the arts, and a number of questions in distributive justice, such as whether and why democracy is valuable, whether and what inequalities are deserved, and whether workers in hazardous jobs are forced to take hazardous jobs.
		We shall explore the issue of punishment and the contemporary relations between freedom of the media and expression and censoring of pornography and violence in the media.
	polyglot.lss.wisc.edu /philosophy/INFO/DESC_S96.HTM (5683 words)

	Science and Tech
		Many contemporary philosophers have criticized traditional thought for failing to match the levels of efficiency and effectiveness achieved by modern science.
		However, other contemporary philosophers have suggested that modern science embodies tendencies that are as likely to exacerbate as relieve the problems of the developing world.
		I conclude that philosophers must be as wary of modern practices and beliefs as they are of traditional practices and beliefs.
	www.smith.edu /philosophy/science_and_tech.html (4003 words)

	AFRICAN PHILOSOPHY
		Sagacity philosophers are convinced that the study of African Philosophy does not consist in the study of general works but in identifying wise women and men in society whose repute is very high on the basis of their wisdom.
		This philosophical trend is a creation of Professor Odera H. Oruka of Nairobi University and it is a trend subscribed by many contemporary philosophers mostly in Eastern Africa and other parts of Africa.
		According to this school represented by basically four African philosophers, Kwasi Wiredu, Paulin Hountondji, Oruka Odera and Peter Bodunrin, African philosophy is the philosophy done by African philosophers be it on the subject matter that is African or alien.
	faculty.msmc.edu /lindeman/af.html (1511 words)

	Cambridge History of Later Medieval Philosophy
		That is to say, the authors combine their own ample creative insight into significant philosophical issues with a deep understanding of and appreciation for what their medieval interlocutors had to say about those issues.
		If analytic philosophers are only just beginning to discover the treasure of medieval philosophy, it isn't because a bunch of benighted ghetto dwellers has been selfishly hoarding it all this time.
		Rarely is there any critical discussion of the philosophical positions reported; often one gets no more than a superficial rendition of the arguments used by proponents of opposed positions; and there are few attempts to bring to light deep or subtle connections between medieval and contemporary treatments of important philosophical problems.
	www.nd.edu /~afreddos/papers/cholmp.htm (2009 words)

	Philosophy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Using writings of past philosophers and interviews with contemporary philosophers, the series underscores how these classic questions still reverberate in modern man. Produced in cooperation with TELEAC/NOT (the Netherlands Educational Broadcasting) Corporation and UR (Swedish Educational Broadcasting Company).
		Ancient philosophers believed us to be free moral beings, but how do we define our options in a world governed by the laws of physics?
		Danto, Duchamp, Lyotard and others are interviewed on the significance of contemporary conceptual art.
	www.acemath.com /html/philosophy.html (872 words)

	Examined Life (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		These questions, and other equally stimulating ones, are pursued through the writings of historic philosophers and interviews with contemporary philosophers.
		Learners are introduced to the diverse ways different philosophers have approached and answered these questions, and are encouraged to form their own views.
		Using writings of past philosophers, archival footage of more recent 20th century philosophers, and interviews with contemporary philosophers, the series underscores how these classic questions still reverberate in modern man.
	www.whyy.org /homecollege/telecoursedescriptions/examined_life.htm (1052 words)

	AskPhilosophers.org
		There are systems of conduct that individuals or their societies aspire to live by, and then there is the philosophical study of these--that is, the attempt to answer questions such as whether there is really a universal right or wrong, whether (and if so, how) moral claims are grounded in facts, and so on.
		Bernard Williams thought that one of the problems with modernity and modern philosophy is an excessive focus on morality as opposed to ethics, the former being what he called 'the peculiar institution' (see his Ethics and the Limits of Philosophy, ch.
		The Greek philosophers, he thought, had a broader conception, one we should try to share.
	www.amherst.edu /askphilosophers (285 words)

	Great Philosophers
		Greek philosophers mostly asked questions about the general idea of divinity, and framed their questions around moral issues.
		Great philosophers of the west were not the only ones contemplating the concept of God.
		Later philosophers continued to write and speak words that demonstrated their belief in, and search for, a real God.
	www.allaboutphilosophy.org /great-philosophers.htm (645 words)

	Amazon.com for America - Thinking about Feeling: Contemporary Philosophers on Emotions (Series in Affective Science) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Philosophers since Aristotle have explored emotion, and the study of emotion has always been essential to the love of wisdom.
		The view that emotions are ripe for philosophical analysis has been supported by a considerable number of excellent publications.
		In this volume, Robert Solomon brings together some of the best Anglo-American philosophers now writing on the philosophy of emotion, with chapters from philosophers who have distinguished themselves in the field of emotion research and have interdisciplinary interests, particularly in the social and biological sciences.
	astore.amazon.com /540-20/detail/0195153170 (218 words)

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