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Topic: Context awareness

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	Context - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The context of an event includes the circumstances and conditions which "surround" it; the context of a word, sentence, or longer utterance or text includes the words that "surround" it.
		In communications and linguistics, context is the meaning of a message (such as a sentence), its relationship to other parts of the message (such as a book), the environment in which the communication occurred, and any perceptions which may be associated with the communication.
		In Sitcoms, the context is the issues and trends that surround the time that the show is set in, e.g the sitcom "I love Lucy" relflects many issues and trends from its context of the 1950's.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Context (442 words)

	Context-awareness: some compelling applications (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The current context is typically captured partly from sensors, partly from existing information (diaries, todo lists, weather forecasts, share price feeds), partly perhaps from user and task models, partly from the state of the user's computing equipment and the user's interaction with that equipment, and partly from explicit settings by the user.
		The current context may combine the physical and the virtual, and may switch contextual fields between the two: for example the user might want to pretend sometimes that they are at a different time and place from their physical one.
		The context of each event is captured automatically at the time it happens: the room, the other people present, the slides being displayed at a meeting, the current weather, the notes that the user made on their PDA, etc. Context is then used for retrieval.
	www.dcs.ex.ac.uk /~pjbrown/papers/huc2k_as_submitted.html (4028 words)

	Online Adaptive Context Awareness - Kristof Van Laerhoven (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		These experiments, demonstrating the possibilities of context awareness in the field of mobile communications, were both promising and encouraging towards the future of the project.
		This results in a context aware system that will adjust itself towards the user and the contexts he or she will frequently visit, thus improving the quality and speed of recognition of these contexts.
		A context aware device can be mapped onto a two-dimensional plane that describes the amount of involvement required from the user and the level of situational awareness.
	www.comp.lancs.ac.uk /~kristof/old/thesis99/thesis99.html (17416 words)

	Why is context-awareness important?
		Without context, digital applications are deaf and blind; even the most sophisticated PDA knows no more of its context than the time of day.
		Context, not hard AI, is what is necessary to build applications that are more "intelligent" and less attention hungry.
		Context awareness provides a solution to the "frame" problem, allowing the selection of an appropriate set of axioms to reason with.
	www.media.mit.edu /wearables/mithril/intro/topic3.html (198 words)

	IFTF's Future Now: What is context awareness?
		The consensus is that context aware-computing isn't something that will be driven by preexisting information about users and places: context isn't just, or primarily, derived by looking up a bunch of formal attributes in a database.
		Rather, context should be seen as a function of interaction between users/objects and environment, and a consequence of focus or attention.
		Context awareness won't be something that happens within a microprocessor; it'll be a product of the interaction of technology, digital information, people, and tacit knowledge.
	future.iftf.org /2005/05/what_is_context.html (531 words)

	Context-awareness: some compelling applications (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The current context is typically captured partly from sensors, partly from existing information (diaries, todo lists, weather forecasts, share price feeds), partly perhaps from user models and task models, partly from the state of the user's computing equipment and the user's interaction with that equipment, and partly from explicit settings by the user.
		We have discussed the topic of recording context at some length because, as has been widely observed, large amounts of infrastructure covering context will be needed before the potential applications can realize their full potential.
		There are many applications where capture of context is an end in itself: this applies, for example, to fieldwork [11], which might range from recording animal behavior in a game reserve to helping archaeologists record the results of a dig.
	www.dcs.ex.ac.uk /~pjbrown/papers/acm.html (3877 words)

	Nokia - A new dimension for communication
		The existence of a context framework and appropriate tools could leverage the deployment of applications by providing interfaces to commonly required functionality, such as for sensor data provisioning, discovery, filtering, and interpretation [5].
		Context awareness can enable better user interfaces, where the surrounding situation automatically becomes part of the input.
		One example is faulty automatic context recognition, due in part to inevitable errors related to sensors and in the context recognition process and in part to the fuzziness of the situation models (the transition from one context to another is a fuzzy zone).
	www.nokia.com /nokia/0,,53721,00.html (1632 words)

	ISM Home Page
		Context awareness and personal media are currently being investigated on several fronts, due to the rise of mobile devices (e.g., the iPod phenomenon, PDAs, smart phones, and digital cameras).
		Context awareness refers to an approach in which context information is applied to the users’ benefit.
		Finally, context awareness also requires that the obtained knowledge assists users in performing their tasks more efficiently and in reaching their goals.
	www.ism-journal.com (572 words)

	Location and Context Awareness and Mobile Services (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		There are different kinds of contexts, such as location-type (in Otaniemi, 5th floor,...), time-based (on Monday, weekend,...) and others such as mode of spending time (at work,...), weather, mood etc. Context-awareness might provide a base for new mobile "killer" applications.
		A proactive environment could be aware of the users’ profiles and the current—possibly also future—contexts.
		In addition, the representation of contexts is a very challenging subject of the project.
	www.vtt.fi:82 /tte/tte31/context.html (473 words)

	Context-Aware Applications Survey
		The use of context information is especially important in a mobile environment, where the environment of interaction, execution, and usage needs change rapidly.
		To transfer the context information to applications and for different applications to be able to use the same context information a common representation format for such information should exist.
		Context servers are used to collect the entire context about a particular entity, such as a person, for example.
	users.tkk.fi /~mkorkeaa/doc/context-aware.html (6026 words)

	Context-awareness
		In addition to dealing with raw context information such as position, a context-aware application is able to assign meaning to the events in the outside world and use that information effectively.
		Context can be useful in these situations, as has been demonstrated by location-aware computing applications.
		The restricted context-awareness based on position was the focus of Cyberguide and many other research efforts have focussed on location-aware computing [25, 21, 26, 22].
	www.cc.gatech.edu /fce/pubs/icse99/node10.html (486 words)

	CHI2000 Workshop on context awareness
		Context is becoming increasingly important in handheld and ubiquitous computing, where the user's context often changes rapidly Pascoe et al.
		It has been realised that there is a pressing need to obtain a better understanding of what context is in order to facilitate the exploitation of context through context-aware applications.
		The workshop will bring together leading researchers in the field in order that they can consolidate their understanding of what the main research challenges in context-aware computing are.
	mcs.open.ac.uk /drm48/chi2000.htm (611 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		As with context events, the advantage to this approach is that it separates a generally applicable mechanism from applications.
		The key element that differentiates Context Fabric from all of these is that it seeks to provide a rich language that is generally applicable for specifying context needs, which can be used for subscribing to context events and for initiating context queries.
		Context fabric can be thought of as orthogonal to these projects, providing a richer set of context beyond network bandwidth and CPU power that could be used to adapt applications.
	www.eecs.berkeley.edu /~jasonh/quals/quals-proposal-context-fabric.doc (5643 words)

	A survey of context-aware mobile computing research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Context awareness for mlearning Context awareness in MOBIlearn is implemented as a context awareness sub-system (CAS) that selects content reflecting the requirements of a specific individual and then presents this content with minimal user effort.
		A context substate is the set of those elements from the context state that are directly relevant to the current learning and application focus, that is to say those things that are useful and usable for the current learning system.
		The context awareness subsystem represents an essential part of that architecture, but ultimately it is dependent on other subsystems to fulfil the goal of providing the user with a rich and effective learning experience.
	www.eee.bham.ac.uk /lonsdalepr/papers/mlearn2003.doc (4396 words)

	MMARL Research - Context Awareness Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		A typical context use involves locating services and users, calling up services according to user behavior, providing information for service composition, facilitating ad hoc communication mechanism between users, and adaptation of the QoS to changes in the environment a result of user and service mobility.
		This includes classifying context sources, providing a unified context structural representation and developing mobile storage strategies with data replication techniques to insure the availability and the proximity of context information.
		A context level agreement protocol will be explored to provide automatic context matching with the user’s profile, terminal capabilities and service requirements and offering.
	deneb.genie.uottawa.ca /research05.htm (434 words)

	GVU: Technical Report 99-22 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The use of context is important in interactive applications.
		It is particularly important for applications where the users context is changing rapidly, such as in both handheld and ubiquitous computing.
		In order to better understand how we can use context and facilitate the building of context-aware applications, we need to more fully understand what constitutes a context-aware application and what context is. Towards this goal, we have surveyed existing work in context-aware computing.
	www.gvu.gatech.edu /gvu/reports/1999/abstracts/99-22.html (124 words)

	MCFE Context-Awareness
		In the explanation of mobility, reference was made to new types of software that exploit the nature of mobility through an understanding of location.
		software that is aware of its location context and uses this knowledge for some purpose.
		A good example of applying such context-awareness is in a guided-tour program that displays information appropriate to the part of the city where the user is currently standing.
	www.cs.kent.ac.uk /people/staff/nsr/mobicomp/Fieldwork/Context/Context.html (186 words)

	Anind K. Dey: Publications
		By context, we mean environmental information that is part of an application's operating environment and that can be sensed by the application.
		Context widgets are software components that provide applications with access to context information while hiding the details of context sensing.
		The PersonNamePresence context widget senses the presence of a user and is able to identify her.
	www.cs.berkeley.edu /~dey/context.html (1312 words)

	Context Awareness and Applications (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Conventional computer-human interaction techniques are inadequate to the task in a multi-application wearable computing environment.
		By leveraging the power of context, or non-explicit input, wearable applications may significantly reduce the demands on the wearer's attention.
		Context awareness is data-driven and often computationally expensive, so selecting effective sensing, classification and representation schemes is critical.
	www.media.mit.edu /Wearables/mithril/context_talk (89 words)

	Some Problems with the Notion of Context-Aware Computing, by Thomas Erickson
		A (hypothetical) context-aware cell phone might be able to detect that it is motionless and in a dark place with high ambient noise but that is very different from the human awareness of being in a theatre.
		We want our systems to monitor the context, and then act appropriately, so that we don't have to be in the control loop.
		It is also because, by invoking the powerful notions of "context" and "awareness", concepts which people understand very differently from the way in which they are being instantiated in context-aware systems, it opens a rather large gap between human expectations and the abilities of 'context-aware' systems.
	www.visi.com /~snowfall/AskNotForWhom.html (1397 words)

	Towards Context Awareness in Pervasive Computing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Context awareness allows applications to adapt themselves to the computing environment in order to better suit the needs of the user.
		We then extended the context service to support the filtering and correlation of context data and the continual rebinding of context sources.
		The first system uses context information to integrate communication across heterogeneous devices and manage various aspects of a communication session.
	www.cs.purdue.edu /calendar/webevent.cgi?cmd=showevent&id=996 (168 words)

	Context Awareness and Mobile Phones (ResearchIndex) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The use of mobile and stationary phones is discussed in relation to situational properties of a phone conversation, especially with regards to who might benefit from context-awareness in this context.
		An initial hypothesis is that mobile phone users communicate context information to each other (verbally) to a much higher degree than do stationary phone users....
		1 Context and expectation in teleconversations (context) - Rahlff, Rolfsen et al.
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /457393.html (249 words)

	Context Awareness in Amit
		This paper presents the context awareness capabilities of Amit.
		Context awareness in Amit takes into account event information, time and location to introduce the concept of situation.
		The concept of situation is an extension of the concept of composite event in its context awareness capability; it results in additional expressive power, flexibility and usability.
	csdl2.computer.org /persagen/DLAbsToc.jsp?resourcePath=/dl/proceedings/&toc=comp/proceedings/ams/2003/1983/00/1983toc.xml&DOI=10.1109/ACW.2003.1210216 (216 words)

	IFTF's Future Now: The Psychology of Context-Awareness
		They don't waste any brainpower on processing context - the surrounding information that is what plays with our perception and causes the illusion.
		The doctor who performed the research described schizophrenia sufferers as "flooded with an undifferentiated mass of incoming sensory data".
		MAnfred immediately goes into a sort of schizoid cognitive breakdown - his "memory" is offline, optical compensators that have been correcting his vision for years are gone, and he finds the unmediated world harsh and discomforting.
	future.iftf.org /2005/11/the_psychology_.html (702 words)

	frankgo's WebLog : Context Awareness goes mainstream…
		Contextual Awareness is a key part of the Tablet PC 2005 O/S, it enables applications to hint to the recognizers what the most probable results of the Ink to Text recognition process should be.
		It’s a fairly simple process, lets say you are in an app entering data through the system TIP and the field is expecting a zoom percentage between 1% and 200% by telling the TIP the result is a positive numeric integer we can help it in its decision making process for determining the result.
		I have an article on our dev center that focuses on Context Awareness and explains the different ways and ISV can add it to their applications.
	blogs.msdn.com /frankgo_ms/archive/2004/12/16/316784.aspx (462 words)

	Towards Context Awareness Using Symbol Clustering Map at Mauro Cherubini’s moleskine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		This paper present the Symbol Clustering Map methods that is used to recognizing the context of use of a mobile phone.
		The authors present an approach for context recognition that is based in a vectorial fusion of sensory information.
		Using location awareness in mobile interfaces to propel collaboration: case studies and research methodologies
	www.i-cherubini.it /mauro/blog/2005/07/27/towards-context-awareness-using-symbol-clustering-map (217 words)

	The Use of Spatial Context Awareness in Feature Simplification
		The presence of altered topological structure necessitates the development of additional algorithms to identify the errors and use of editing tools to correct the problems.
		It is the result of a research effort designed to produce high quality 3-D simulation databases, not a research effort on generalization.
		The solution to the data editing problem was the development of smarter algorithms that considered spatial context when performing simplification.
	www.geovista.psu.edu /sites/geocomp99/Gc99/020/abs99-020.htm (567 words)

	(WO 03/107179) MULTIDIMENSIONAL APPROACH TO CONTEXT-AWARENESS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		(57) A context aware enterprise system includes a network, an enterprise service coupled to the network, and a plurality of information sources that include enterprise information related to one or more activities of the enterprise system.
		A context determination service determines context information describing a multi-dimensional context based on the enterprise information.
		The context information determined by the context determination service includes a user identification, an identification of a client selected by the user, a user role, a user expertise related to the enterprise service, and a user expertise related to the selected client.
	www.wipo.int /ipdl/IPDL-CIMAGES/view/pct/getbykey5?KEY=03/107179.031224 (226 words)

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