Context-sensitive language

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Topic: Context-sensitive language

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	Context-sensitive language - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		The complement of a context-sensitive language is context-sensitive.
		This means that every formal language that can be decided by such a machine is a context-sensitive language, and every context-sensitive language can be decided by such a machine.
		Context-sensitive language - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Context-sensitive_language (285 words)

	hwg-theory archive: Context Sensitive Languages (Was Re: Uses for CSS?) by "John M. Allen" <jallen(at)thunder.ocis.temple.edu>
		Context sensitive languages are not extensions of context free languages.
		In fact, context free languages are a subset of the context sensitive languages.
		This started when I mentioned context sensitive languages and you said there was no such thing.
	archives.hwg.org /hwg-theory/3572F520.CACEACE@thunder.temple.edu (622 words)

	Context Free Languages and Context Sensitive Languages
		Parsing of Context Free and Context Sensitive Grammars
		A context free language is defined by a context free grammar.
		Context free languages like regular sets are of great importance in defining programming languages, in formalizing the notion of parsing and in other string processing applications.
	www.cs.iitm.ernet.in /tell/automata/Automata/parser.htm (524 words)

	Abstract
		Generating grammars have a collection of nice properties that ensure they define only `mildly context sensitive' languages, and Joshi has proposed that human languages have those properties too.
		Context sensitive rewrite grammars are syntactically, semantically and computationally unattractive.
		Some results relevant to the viability of mildly context sensitive analyses and some open questions are reviewed.
	www.cognitivesciencesociety.org /abstract/04stabler.html (81 words)

	Formal Language Definitions
		The language class P is the set of languages for which there exists a deterministic Turing machine that accepts each language in a number of transitions bounded by a fixed polynomial in the length of the input string.
		L(G) is the notation for a language defined by a grammar G. The grammar G recognizes a certain set of strings, thus a language.
		Since a language is a set of strings from a finite alphabet, a class of languages is a set of sets.
	www.cs.umbc.edu /help/theory/lang_def.shtml (1263 words)

	Context free grammar Article, Contextfreegrammar Information
		To prove that a given language is not context-free, one employs the pumping lemma for context-free languages.
		Context-free grammars are powerful enough to describe the syntax of programming languages ; in fact, the syntax of most programming languages are specified with the helpof context-free grammars.
		For instance, given a context-free grammar, one can use the Chomsky Normal Form toconstruct a polynomial-time algorithm which decides whether a given string is in the language represented by that grammar or not(the CYK algorithm).
	www.anoca.org /string/language/context_free_grammar.html (938 words)

	On Learning Context Free and Context (ResearchIndex)
		Second-order Sequential Cascaded Networks are able to induce means from a finite fragment of a contextsensitive language for processing strings outside the training set.
		Sensitive Languages Mikael Boden, Janet Wiles M. Boden is with the School of...
		6 Language acquisition in the absence of explicit negative evi..
	citeseer.lcs.mit.edu /691942.html (368 words)

	Formal language theory notes
		The language {a^n b^n c^n : n >= 1} is a Type 1 (context-sensitive) language, but not context-free.
		Type 2: Context-free rewriting system (context-free languages) Rules of the form A -> Y A rewrites to Y where A is a single nonterminal, and Y is a string of nonempty nonterminals and/or terminal symbols.
		The language {a^n b^n : n >= 1} is a Type 2 (context-free) language, but is not a regular language.
	www.umiacs.umd.edu /~resnik/ling645_fa1997/notes/automata.html (212 words)

	The Church-Rosser languages are the deterministic variants of the growing context-sensitive languages - Niemann, Otto (ResearchIndex)
		Niemann, G. and F. Otto, "The Church-Rosser languages are the deterministic variants of the growing context-sensitive languages," Proc.
		Abstract: The growing context-sensitive languages have been classified through the shrinking twopushdown automaton, the deterministic version of which characterizes the class of generalized Church-Rosser languages (Buntrock and Otto 1995).
		@article{ niemann98churchrosser, author = "Gundula Niemann and Friedrich Otto", title = "The {Church-Rosser} Languages Are the Deterministic Variants of the Growing Context-Sensitive Languages", journal = "Lecture Notes in Computer Science", volume = "1378", pages = "243--??", year = "1998", url = "citeseer.ist.psu.edu/niemann97churchrosser.html" }
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /niemann97churchrosser.html (541 words)

	Parsing of Context Sensitive Grammars
		A constraint on context sensitive rules is that the length of the string of the left-hand side is at least one, and is less than or equal to the length of the string on the right-hand side.
		They contain rules that have strings on both the left-hand-side and the right-hand-side, as opposed to context-free rules which require a single symbol on the left-hand-side.
		It is interesting to note that the XSB rules we generate for a single context-sensitive rule all have the same body, and that the logical implications
	www.cs.sunysb.edu /~warren/xsbbook/node31.html (731 words)

	Microcomputer Glossary
		Context sensitive: In many programs, when you request help, you are provided help on the operation you area carrying out at the time.
		That is, Help is "sensitive" to the "context" in which help was requested.
		HTML is said to be a "cross-platform" language because it is the same for DOS/Windows, Apple and UNIX.
	www.oznet.ksu.edu /ed_asi490/Glossary/cgw.htm (14247 words)

	Home Page Growing Context-Sensitive Languages
		It is well-known that the class of context-sensitive languages (CSL) coincides with the nondeterministic space complexity class NSPACE(n), and that there exist context-sensitive languages for which the membership problem is PSPACE-complete.
		Dahlhaus and Warmuth prove that all growing context-sensitive languages (GCSL), that is, the languages that are generated by growing context-sensitive grammars, have membership problems that are solvable in polynomial time.
		From the definition it might appear that GCSL is not an interesting class of languages, but as shown in [ Buntrock & Lorys, 1992] GCSL is an abstract family of languages, that is, this class of languages is closed under union, concatenation, iteration, intersection with regular languages, epsilon-free homomorphisms and inverse homomorphisms.
	www.tcs.mu-luebeck.de /pages/buntrock/research/gcsl.html (430 words)

	ipedia.com: Context-sensitive grammar Article
		The concept of context-sensitive grammar was introduced by Noam Chomsky in the 1950s as a way to describe the syntax of natural language where it is indeed often the case that a word may or may not be appropriate in a certain place depending upon the context.
		A formal language that can be described by a context-sensitive grammar is called a context-sensitive language.
		This is different from a context-free grammar where the context of a nonterminal is not taken into consideration.
	www.ipedia.com /context_sensitive_grammar.html (494 words)

	Context Free and Context Sensitive Languages
		The SCN that was used for the Context Sensitive Language (CSL) had three input and three output units, with two hidden units.
		Most agree that language is a static system, where words are part of a lexicon that is assumed to be context free and static — that is, it is a data structure that exists independently of it’s use.
		The first aimed to show that the BRN could learn a language and demonstrate the inverse correlation between word frequency and recognition time that is a characteristic of human behaviour.
	www.itee.uq.edu.au /~pennyd/LangSummaries.htm (2682 words)

	tr-cs97-335-abs.html
		In contrast to formal language theory for textual languages, where the main distinction is that between context-sensitive languages and context-free languages, it is therefore necessary to build the major part of a visual language hierarchy around different forms of context-sensitivity.
		However, there has been little attempt to develop a systematic and comprehensive hierarchy of visual languages based on their formal properties that could parallel the role of the Chomsky hierarchy in the field of visual languages.
		Visual language specification methods come in a variety of forms, making the systematic comparison of different methods and the abstract classification of visual languages difficult.
	www.csse.monash.edu.au /publications/1997/tr-cs97-335-abs.html (194 words)

	Context models in the MDL framework
		We introduce four new techniques for statistical language models: multicontextual modeling, nonmonotonic contexts, implicit context growth, and the divergence heuristic.
		Implicit context growth ensures that the state transition probabilities of a variable-length Markov process are estimated accurately.
		Current approaches to speech and handwriting recognition demand a strong language model with a small number of states and an even smaller number of parameters.
	csdl2.computer.org /persagen/DLAbsToc.jsp?resourcePath=/dl/proceedings/&toc=comp/proceedings/dcc/1995/7012/00/7012toc.xml&DOI=10.1109/DCC.1995.515496 (261 words)

	A Hierarchy of Formal Languages and Automata
		Theorem 11.5 establishes that the family of recursive languages is a proper subset of the family of recursively enumerable languages, not a surprising fact given the previous theorems.
		A language is recursive on a given alphabet if there’s a Turing machine that accepts the language and halts on every string in the alphabet (but not the empty string, remember).
		Since we have an algorithm to determine what language the word is in, the language is recursive as well as recursively enumerable.
	www2.hawaii.edu /~paulac/theory (1253 words)

	Recurrent Neural Networks
		Wiles et al argue that the requirement for a DRN to learn a nonregular language is not the amount of memory of the machine, but the precision constraints that are imposed on it.
		The aim of this article was to provide some historical context and background information for some of the relatively new approaches to solving problems in cognition.
		This simulation was tied in with human language performance by using dynamical systems theory to analyse the simulation results.
	www.itee.uq.edu.au /~pennyd/RNNSummaries.htm (6594 words)

	cs381k p. 282
		Context sensitive languages are less often used in practice than context free languages.
		Context sensitivity seems applicable for some aspects of natural language, e.g., subject-verb agreement.
		The strings around the N on the left-hand side of the production are the context, so a production works only in a particular context and is therefore context sensitive.
	www.cs.utexas.edu /~novak/cs381k282.html (63 words)

	Articles - Chomsky hierarchy
		Context free languages are the theoretical basis for the syntax of most programming languages.
		The languages described by these grammars are exactly all languages that can be recognized by a non-deterministic Turing machine whose tape is bounded by a constant times the length of the input.
		These languages are exactly all languages that can be decided by a finite state automaton.
	www.gaple.com /articles/Chomsky_hierarchy?mySession=8982bdec150ac4d8bdd8d2b6252531c9 (768 words)

	171.html
		Roughly one can characterize the difference between regular and context-free languages as context-free languages require some sort of recursion or stack based data structure to facilitate their recognition.
		Context-free languages are strictly richer than regular languages.
		It so happens that languages have been designed in such a way that this two step division can also be made to use the two different kinds of languages.
	www.cs.albany.edu /~sreeni/JavaCC/febmail/171.html (543 words)

	Context-Sensitive and Dynamic Customization of Component-Based Systems
		The underlying programming language or middleware platform must implement a method dispatch mechanism that supports a run-time combination of wrappers on a per collaboration basis, while taking the contextual properties into account.
		Context is reified by contextual properties which stem from the clients or configurator/deployer of that system.
		It is important to understand that due to the Internet success, an on-line service is at the same time used by hundreds or even thousands of simultaneously requesting client systems, where each client system may have different - possibly conflicting - preferences about how the service must be customized to their needs.
	www.cs.kuleuven.ac.be /%7Eeddy/lasagne.html (1266 words)

	12.4 Linear Bounded Automata
		Theorem 12.9 The class of context sensitive languages is closed under intersection.
		Proof: First of all, a linear bounded automaton can be simulated by a DRAM program that recognizes the context sensitive language and that operates in polynomial space, i.e., there is a constant c such that on input x it uses at most
		Observe first of all that all of the productions are context sensitive except those given for successor instructions (see 4) and the input instruction (see 5).
	www.cs.pitt.edu /~daley/cs2110/notes/cs2110w_node51.html (858 words)

	Context Sensitive Grammars and Chomsky's Hierarchy
		Rules that are applied to symbols must consider the "context" of the symbol.
		However, "they are poorly suited for programming languages because, for example, they cannot represent constructs such as balanced opening and closing parenthesis.
		Note that there must be the same number of symbols on both the left and right sides of the rule.
	www.patrickkellogg.com /school/papers/chomsky.htm (728 words)

	Parsing: Context Sensitive Grammars & Unrestricted Grammars
		Recursively enumerable languages require a Turing Machine to parse, while Context Sensitive Languages can be parsed with a Linear Bounded Automaton; a Turing Machine with a finite amount of tape.
		Almost all concievable languages are Context Sensitive Languages.
		The languages described by them are the recursively enumerable languages (r.e.
	www.yapceurope.org /2001/proceedings/68/05.html (91 words)

	CS 460 Syllabus
		Regular, context free, and context sensitive languages are covered, as well as finite state, push down, and Turing machines.
		Understand context-free grammars; be able to invent CFG's for specific languages and to prove things by induction over the number of steps in a derivation.
		A formal language is simply a set of strings described in a formal way.
	www.mc.edu /campus/users/bennet/cs460/syl.html (780 words)

	New Messaging Language REBOL Transforms Information Exchange Over Networks
		Led by Carl Sassenrath, his team of language and network architects built REBOL by drawing on their decades of experience in both academic theory and real-world practicality.
		By their nature, languages in this domain are more robust, simple, and elegant than C++ and Java, and also more customizable and easier-to-understand than scripting languages like PERL and Tcl.
		REBOL is an acronym for Relative Expression-Based Object Language.
	www.cucug.org /amiga/aminews/1998/981001-rebol.html (888 words)

	ECS 221, Department of Computer Science
		Definition and properties of formal languages, deterministic context-free languages, context-sensitive languages, abstract families of languages, special topics of current interest
		Various formal languages are studied and their relation, definitions and characterizations are explored.
		The correspondence between languages and automata is examined.
	www.cs.ucdavis.edu /courses/exp_course_desc/221.html (93 words)

	Formal Languages
		type 1 corresponds to context sensitive languages, which can be recognized by a linear bounded automata
		A language is a set of all strings over a finite alphabet "generated" by a grammar.
		Keep in mind that there is a subset relationship here: a type 3 language is a subset of type 2, which is a subset of type 1, etc.
	www.cs.princeton.edu /~lworthin/126/precepts/grammars.html (372 words)

	Grammars and Languages
		A language L is recursively enumerable if there is a Turing machine M such that M accepts L as input.
		Given an alphabet A, a language L over A, denoted by L(A), is a subset of A *, i.e.
		Recursively enumerable if there is an algorithm which will determine whether any positive integer a is a member of S in finitely many ways.
	www.lv.psu.edu /ojj/courses/ist-230/topics/grammars.html (504 words)

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