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	Continentalism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Continentalism is a term used to describe the theory of closer ties (eg, in the form of closer trade links, energy sharing or common water-use policies) with the US.
		Although the extreme form of Canadian continentalism advocates outright political absorption of Canada by the US, such positions have been argued only by fringe elements since the annexation movement died out as a significant political force in the 19th century.
		Unrestricted free trade is another important component of continentalism: "A totally free trade situation has to be seen as the best answer to Canada's industrial concerns," since "in a single step our living standards would be raised permanently to a new level," the ECONOMIC COUNCIL OF CANADA suggested in 1975.
	thecanadianencyclopedia.com /PrinterFriendly.cfm?Params=A1ARTA0001890 (771 words)

	Continentalism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Continentalism refers to the policy and idea that a nation should not acquire...
		Continentalism is a term used to describe the theory of closer ties (eg, in the form of closer trade links, energy sharing or common water-use policies)...
		continentalism Continentalism refers to the policy and idea that a nation should not acquire territory outside of its continental limits.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Continentalism.html (435 words)

	Manifest Destiny - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		During this time, the United States expanded to the Pacific Ocean—"from sea to shining sea"—largely defining the borders of the continental United States as they are today.
		The Canadian provinces were invited to send representatives to the Continental Congress, and Canada was pre-approved for joining the United States in the Articles of Confederation.
		Whether or not this version of Manifest Destiny was consistent with the continental expansionism of the 1840s was debated at the time, and long afterwards.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Manifest_Destiny (5429 words)

	[No title]
		Continentalism reflects a view that regards consumption as the dominant concern; a Canadian border that impedes consumption becomes increasingly irrelevant.
		Continentalism as a philosophy is based on the liberal interpretation of history.
		The second appeal of continentalism is that humanity requires that nationalisms be overcome.
	courses.confederationc.on.ca /ge232/Archives/Lament_for_a_Nation.htm (1474 words)

	ANDREW POTTER
		In Britain, continentalism is an obsession of the political left.
		Continentalism is not about Canadians striding confidently onto the world stage, well-clad in the secure togs of citizenship and nationality.
		Continentalism is not about the proliferation of global voices, but their elimination.
	www.misterdann.com /canartdoghouse.htm (1447 words)

	[No title]
		If comparative continentalism is only now appearing as an alluring scholarly niche at the interstices of comparative politics, international relations, and global political economy, it is not because the existence of transnational systems is recent or that interest in contrasting their characteristics is novel.
		Complementary to the notion of continental rationalization through TNC restructuring is the literature on the new techno-economic paradigm in which the nation state loses function in favour of sub-national jurisdictions.
		While the continentalization of the economy accelerated by NAFTA entails a further loss of Canadian governments' capacity to run their own economic and cultural policies it has not constrained the country's ability to raise its political barriers to immigration.
	www.chass.utoronto.ca /~clarkson/publications/fearful.html (17823 words)

	Canadian Journal of Communication - Vol. 27, No. 1 (2002)
		Drawing on a range of trade and investment trends and indicators, he demonstrates that CUSFTA and NAFTA are only the most recent and visible manifestations of a continental integration project whose fortunes have risen and fallen throughout the twentieth century.
		Particularly praiseworthy is the detailed analysis, developed across several chapters, of the position of the Mexican communication industries within the continental dynamic — a case relatively neglected by English-language communication scholars to date.
		At the same, were an author who contributed to the journal prior to the journal putting in place an explicit request for online rights to request that his or her work be removed from the CJC-Online website, the journal would remove the work.
	www.cjc-online.ca /printarticle.php?id=705&layout=html (778 words)

	Dimitry Anastakis \| Between Nationalism and Continentalism: State Auto Industry Policy and the Canadian UAW, ...
		While the union leadership was in favour of the continentalizing auto pact, many locals were determined to nationalize the industry, a consequence of the increased economic nationalism in Canada in the period.
		When the idea of integration on a continental basis was first presented to the membership in 1960 during the Bladen Commission, the latent tensions which had existed within the union since the 1940s were revived.
		The union leadership remained committed to the continental transformation of industry, while the failure to ensure effective worker protection from the dislocating impact of the auto agreement caused difficulty for the leadership, and renewed hostilities with left-leaning sections of the union.
	www.historycooperative.org /journals/llt/53/anastakis.html (13214 words)

	Pakkasvirta: Nationalism and Continentalism in Latin American History
		The building of continental, and not merely national, identity was first reflected in arielism which created a new definition for Latin America, to counteract the materialist values of the North.
		Thus, for him, continentalism is something more than just a mixture of different nationalities: It is the synonym of Latin American nationalism, "lo nacional es lo americano"(12) (nation-ness is American-ness).
		APRA´s maximum (continental) program of 1924 was synthesized into five points which demanded Latin American political unity; opposition to "yankee-imperialism"; nationalization of land and industries; internationalization of the Panama Canal and solidarity of all the oppressed people.
	www.helsinki.fi /hum/ibero/xaman/articulos/9701/9701_jup.html (4285 words)

	Free Trade vs. Sovereignty
		A recent newspaper headline informs us that "Canada and the United States are poised to consider erasing the world's longest undefended border." According to Canada's ambassador to Washington, "in the case of Canada and the United States, the traditional concept of an international border has lost its relevance."
		The NDP record in defence of Canada's sovereignty is mixed and its national reach remains weak.
		The defining issues of the next election may well be those of globalization and continentalism, provided of course there is a major political party prepared to stand up to the Liberals on these questions.
	british-columbia.ca.human-rights.org /FreeTradevsSovereignty.html (799 words)

	Jan 18, 2001 - Time to invest in CBC by Lawrence Martin
		Real courage, which would be viewed with real outrage but would constitute a future bulwark against continental drift, would be a boost of even more than half a billion to our national network.
		A bold reform would stem the CBC's descent, serve as a strike against western alienation and be a counterstroke to continentalism.
		A third measure Ottawa should undertake would be to fill the vacant CBC chairman's position with a non-partisan who, contrary to tradition, would not be at war with the CBC president.
	www.friends.ca /News/Friends_News/archives/articles01180101.asp (715 words)

	Canada: Swept Away by the Cold War, 1947-1957 - Asylum Forums
		The precedent for cooperation between Canada and the United States was unavoidably pushed even further, with the Pinetree, Mid-Canada, and DEW radar systems constructed and finally merged into NORAD in 1957, despite the misgivings of the Canadian Prime Minister.
		King was even "half convinced that continentalism for defense was reasonable," perhaps inevitable.
		It wasn't an extremely poor or unprecedented choice of policy; Canada had accepted protection from Britain against either France or the United States for most of its existence, and although it now had no choice in the matter, it was in Canada's best interests to accept protection from the U.S. against Soviet Russia.
	www.asylumnation.com /asylum/_r/showthread/threadid_9015 (2226 words)

	Couchiching Summer Conference
		When speaking of continentalism, Canadian priorities must be weighed by weighing the costs and benefits of integration.
		At the same time, resisting continentalism is contrary to Canada’s economic and security interests.
		In addition, we must establish more continental partnerships, and take note of the content and structure of such partnerships, and how they affect external parties.
	www.couch.ca /history/2003/BillGrahamSummary.html (924 words)

	PMag v18n2p06 -- Canadian Foreign Policy in the American Millennium
		The end of the Cold War, the growth of economic continentalism, the preoccupation with global competitiveness, and changing immigration patterns have affected the Canada's foreign policy in multiple ways.
		Increasing continentalism has led to an even further erosion of Canada's already limited autonomy in the areas of culture, social services, economy and technology.
		Canadian foreign policy in the world's conflict areas is also becoming sensitized to the prejudices of new immigrants from these areas, not to mention their electoral clout in Canada.
	www.peacemagazine.org /archive/v18n2p06.htm (1368 words)

	[No title]
		The country's official opposition, the Canadian Alliance, consistently supports continentalism despite all the evidence that Canadians reject the notion.
		The Alliance, which pretends to stand for grassroots democracy, went so far as to say that even a majority vote in favour of keeping the Wheat Board by western Canadian farmers should be ignored and that its monopoly should be broken by Parliament.
		The Alliance has argued strongly in favour of continental security and boarder policies as well, and has criticized the Chretien government for not assisting enough with the war on terrorism.
	www.modern-communism.ca /mc33802.htm (682 words)

	Innis, Harold Adams (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Innis's first major work, The Fur Trade in Canada (1930), established his reputation and introduced the STAPLE THESIS of economic development.
		Innis also opposed the continentalist school and argued that Canada's political boundaries were the logical outcome of Canada's economic history - contrary to the tenets of CONTINENTALISM.
		Appointed head of U of T's political economy department in 1937, Innis continued to work on his second major study, The Cod Fisheries (1940).
	www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com /index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0004004 (702 words)

	Canada - An American Nation? Essays on Continentalism, Identity, and the Canadian Frame of Mind. by David Mackenzie (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Essays on Continentalism, Identity, and the Canadian Frame of Mind.
		In the first - 'Canadian Culture, the Canadian State, and the Management of the New Continentalism' - Smith writes from a post-free trade perspective on the long history of state support for the promotion of Canadian culture.
		It serves as a useful reminder of the historical context behind much of the recent debate over Canada's 'cultural industries,' and, in the end, he writes, 'Americans have to learn to take Canada's cultural needs seriously' (93).
	www.utpjournals.com /product/chr/772/canada5.html (562 words)

	Vive le Canada - Up-front Liberal continentalism directly from John Manley
		Continentalism would be a huge benefit for Canadians because we are slipping into becoming a one-party state with all the inherent evils that entails, as can be seen in other banana republics.
		I agree--I think this would make a heck of an election issue and it SHOULD be an issue that Canadians vote on (it was in the NDP platform last time, but didn't seem to be a central focus for the campaign or media coverage).
		All the continentalization of our media would do would increase the U.S. content we get here--and U.S. corporate media companies don't have much interest in uncovering the wrong-doings and corruption of our politicians.
	www.vivelecanada.ca /article.php/20050528073004106 (4562 words)

	Biographical Information - Arno Mong Daastoel
		The theme is the Idealist Renaissance and Mercantilist Tradition of Economics, also called Economic Nationalism or - Continentalism, with the industrialisation of South Africa, around the turn of the 20th Century, as the practical case study.
		The theme is the economic principles of the Idealist Renaissance and Mercantilist Tradition of Economics, also called Economic Nationalism or Continentalism.
		The practical case study is the industrialisation of South Africa, around the turn of the 19 century.
	arno.daastol.com /cv/biographical.html (595 words)

	EnviReform Website, University of Toronto: Events, 72nd Annual Conference, "Continentalism: What's in it for us?"
		Its mission is to increase the awareness and understanding of domestic and international issues amongst people in Canada, through open and inclusive discussion, without advocacy or partisanship.
		The Conference looked at not only the impact the FTA and NAFTA agreements have had on the partners but the overall impact that closer continental ties may have on our respective fiscal realities, culture, environments and national security objectives.
		Key Couchiching Conference participants and speakers were interviewed by EnviReform project investigators.
	www.envireform.utoronto.ca /conference/couchiching2003 (383 words)

	[No title]
		However, the vast majority of Canadian voters were small farmers who would be wiped out by competition from American agriculture and were, therefore, opposed to reciprocity.
		Laurier did a similar about-face when he was elected Prime Minister, abandoning continentalism and embracing MacDonald's "National Policy".
		By that time, American capitalism had abandoned its aim of territorial expansionism and replaced it with a policy of economic imperialism.
	www.modern-communism.ca /mc30703.htm (731 words)

	Canadian Auto Workers History, Ch 8 Breaking Away
		In Canada’s case, globalization was hardly new; it essentially meant “continentalism” — further integration into the U.S. economy and, courtesy of American interests, an eventual move towards also bringing Mexico into that relationship.
		Even the federal Liberals had included nationalist elements in their policies during the early eighties (the National Energy Policy and the Foreign Investment Review Agency), and, of course, there was the massive mobilization against free trade in the mid- to late eighties.
		In the past, those in the business world in Canada had always been divided on the issues of free trade and nationalism, depending on whether they were concerned with protecting domestic markets or searching for foreign markets.
	www.caw.ca /whoweare/ourhistory/cawhistory/ch8/p4c8_1.html (1576 words)

	rabble news
		Bush and Martin were both asked specifically about continental integration and the move towards a European Union-type arrangement for North America.
		Continentalism has taken on a new meaning since September 11.
		Security threats are part of everyday life in the U.S.; therefore (and not all of a sudden) Canada and Mexico are agreeing to a partnership on security.
	www.rabble.ca /news_full_story.shtml?x=38313 (703 words)

	Toronto Sun Columnist: Salim Mansur - Saying 'no' to U.S. was very Liberal
		In other words, to the chagrin of Underhill and his party, Canada was a project born out of refusal to be a part of the progressive liberal history represented by the United States.
		But then the same Liberal party that for so long preached the virtues of continentalism, reinvented itself under Pierre Trudeau as the standard- bearer of Canadian nationalism with its anti-American heartbeat.
		For Quebec separatists -- rising in influence to nearly achieving their end -- the lure of independent statehood meant distancing themselves from English Canada, hence the U.S., while gazing across the Atlantic towards France and Europe as the shore to drift towards in search of their linguistic security.
	www.canoe.ca /NewsStand/Columnists/Toronto/Salim_Mansur/2005/03/07/952487.html (764 words)

	Transport (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Measures of multi-factor productivity, although not completely up-to-date, show that the transportation industries innovated more quickly than the economy as a whole and achieved significantly higher gains in total productivity.
		They will continue to respond to the current issues of continentalism, globalization and urbanization, as well as to the emerging issues of environmentalism, congestion and security.
		Transportation activities account for about 25% of total greenhouse gas emissions in Canada.
	142.206.72.67 /03/03d/03d_002_e.htm (251 words)

	[No title]
		In a sense, the 're-regulation' of electricity in Ontario means the abandonment of our traditional, Canadian experience of power planning philosophy for an imported one.
		In this sense, Ontarians, whether they see it or not (and I think not) are taking another in a series of subtle yet dramatic steps toward economic continentalism.
		And the price of electricity in Ontario will double or triple to allow other suppliers (American and Canadian) to generate and sell electricity in Ontario at enough profit to satisfy their shareholders.
	www.electricity-today.com /et/aug00/randy.htm (1056 words)

	Vive le Canada: How would you like Bernard Lord to be a future leader? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Here is some continentalism for a much talked-about potential future Conservative (or Liberal) leader.
		I wonder where this continentalism coming from in Lord's case, and if most people at these conferences are aware of other options.....Manley is worse though.
		MONTREAL (CP) - Canada risks losing its premier position as the largest trading partner with the United States unless it nurtures that relationship, New Brunswick Premier Bernard Lord said Thursday.
	www.vivelecanada.ca /article.php/20041118172443873/print (121 words)

	Chapter 8
		Continentalism dominated the thinking & we didn't need a large navy.
		The US Navy distant stations policy required sailing ships since the other ships couldn't carry much coal & we had few overseas bases.
		The American emphasis shifted from continentalism to imperialism.
	www.austincc.edu /purcell/AM8m.htm (761 words)

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