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	BLOCKADE - LoveToKnow Article on BLOCKADE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Originally a blockade by sea was probably nothing more than the equivalent in maritime warfare of a blockade or siege on land in which the army investing the blockaded or besieged place is in actual physical possession of a zone through which it can prevent and forbid ingress and egress.
		A blockade to be effective must be maintained by a sufficient force to prevent the entrance of neutral vessels into the blockaded port or ports, and it n.iust be duly proclailned.
		Should it appear from a vessels clearance that she sailed after notice of blockade had been communicated to the country of her port of departure, or after the fact of blockade had, by a fair presumption, become commonly known at that port, she should be sent in as a prize.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /B/BL/BLOCKADE.htm (1788 words)

	Continental System - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Continental System was a foreign-policy cornerstone of Napoleon I of France in his struggle against the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland during the Napoleonic Wars.
		By 1804, France was the dominant military force in continental Europe, however the British Isles stood outside French control and the United Kingdom was an important force in encouraging and financing resistance to France.
		After the Tilsit Treaty of July 1807, Napoleon attempted to capture the Portuguese Fleet and the House of Braganza, to occupy the Portuguese ports and to expel the British from Portuguese soil, and failed.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Continental_System (526 words)

	Continental Blockade - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Continental Blockade was a blocking of European ports for trade with Britain.
		Because the British had a stronger Navy, they were better able than the French to make their own blockade work.The blockade did not have the intended result of breaking British power but instead created a shortage of colonial products on the continent.
		The Continental System has come to be known as one of Napoleon's three major mistake, along with the Invasion of Russia and the War with Spain.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Continental_Blockade (151 words)

	The Continental System (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		That she extends to unfortified towns and commercial ports, to harbors and the mouths of rivers, the right of blockade, which, in accordance with reason and the customs of all civilized nations, is applicable only to strong places.
		That she has declared districts in a state of blockade which all her united forces would be unable to blockade, such as entire coasts and the whole of an empire.
		The British Isles are proclaimed to be in a state of blockade both by land and by sea.
	www.historyguide.org /intellect/continental.html (1007 words)

	The Continental Navy
		The construction of 13 "Continental Frigates" was authorized by the Continental Congress on 13 December 1775.
		The Continental frigate Confederacy was launched 8 November 1778 at Chatham (Norwich), Conn., and towed to New London to be prepared for sea.
		The Continental navy, therefore, naturally resorted to the readiest means of injuring the enemy, that is, by preying upon his commerce.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/systems/ship/sail1.htm (5199 words)

	ninemsn Encarta - Napoleonic Wars
		At first, the continental powers fought in isolation or in partial combinations whose members frequently could not even trust one another to stand firm, and in consequence Napoleon was able to prevail.
		All the more was this the case as the reduced size of her regular army meant that her chief weapons in any war with France must normally be colonial operations and naval blockades, the trouble with these being that they were inclined to reduce her chances of obtaining the allies she needed in continental Europe.
		However, on June 14 the Russians were overwhelmed at Friedland, Alexander now being persuaded not only to sue for peace, but to seek an alliance with Napoleon (deeply mistrustful of Britain, the tsar also hoped to gain French help in the Balkans, where he was currently engaged in a bitter war with Turkey).
	au.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761565675/Napoleonic_Wars.html (2304 words)

	AllRefer.com - Continental System (Treaties And Alliances) - Encyclopedia
		Continental System, scheme of action adopted by Napoleon I in his economic warfare with England from 1806 to 1812.
		The trade restrictions of the continental system led to a decline of the significance of Amsterdam; it never regained its former prominence.
		Whether the continental system delayed the introduction of the Industrial Revolution to France is much debated, though it did foster the development of beet sugar manufacture and machine spinning of textiles.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/C/Contin-Sys.html (448 words)

	Continental System on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		CONTINENTAL SYSTEM [Continental System] scheme of action adopted by Napoleon I in his economic warfare with England from 1806 to 1812.
		Continental abandons acquisition strategy; German supplier sacks chairman and shifts strategy to concentrate on growing the existing business.
		Continental Teves is the Supplier of the Complete Brake System for Ford Expedition.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/C/Contin-S1ys.asp (1195 words)

	Continental System -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		The decrees of Berlin (November 21, 1806) and Milan (December 17, 1807) proclaimed a blockade: neutrals and French allies were not to trade with the British.
		The close geometric fit of the continental margins was not universally accepted as evidence that the Atlantic Ocean was once closed.
		Collection of documents on the the Continental Congress and the Constitutional Convention during the period 1764- 1789.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9026061 (858 words)

	Main Document - Swedish-Russian War
		This was where Napoleon's Continental Blockade came into the picture.
		His attempts to keep the Blockade running from then on became the Emperor's main political goal, and after the decisive battle of Friedland on June 14 1807, where Napoleon had rolled up the Russian lines and thrown them back into the river Alle, the turn came for Russia to join the Continental Blockade.
		The Emperor of the West, Napoleon I of France, and the Emperor of the East, Czar Alexander I of Russia, met for peace negotiations on a raft on the river Niemen on July 7, 1807.
	www.multi.fi /~goranfri/finwar01.html (1791 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Originally justified as a response to the British naval blockade of 16th May 1806, the Berlin Decree (21st November 1806) formally instigated a full blockade of the British Isles by land and sea and prohibited all trade or communication with them by France or any of her client states.
		Despite the restrictions imposed by the Blockade raw cotton consumption continued to expand to a peak in 1810, with the shortfall in colonial supplies being met by overland shipments from the Levant.
		The effect of the economic crisis of 1810 were aggravated by the Blockade’s restrictions whilst its ultimate failings seem to have generated the hostility to Napoleon’s regime which marked his downfall in 1814 and came amidst the imposition of war taxes, conscription, requisitioning, invasion and military defeat.
	www.bits.bris.ac.uk /leon/NAP_contsys.doc (2474 words)

	Heckscher, The Continental System, Part I, Chapter III: Library of Economics and Liberty
		This feature did not become significant until the time of Napoleon, for until then the external means of exercising power, as well as the great political personality it demanded, were still lacking; but recent Napoleonic research has taken great pains to demonstrate that it was significant even during the preceding period.
		For the rest, it was mainly a matter of paper projects and pious wishes, not of effective measures, and the majority of them concerned the German North Sea littoral.
		At the beginning of 1798, however, shortly before his removal to Tuscany, Reinhard—chiefly, it is true, in order to protect the Hanse Towns, the prosperity of which he had several reasons to promote—emphasized the necessity of combining all the continental states in such a policy of exclusion.
	www.econlib.org /library/YPDBooks/Heckscher/hksrCS4.html (1427 words)

	Heckscher, The Continental System: An Economic Interpretation ToC: The Online Library of Liberty (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		THE Continental System is a unique measure to which a country resorts for the purpose of crushing a political enemy by economic means and at the same time building up its own commercial and industrial prosperity to an extent previously undreamt of.
		One side consists of the blockade measures and the generally rude treatment of maritime intercourse, in which Great Britain decidedly led the way, but was very closely followed by France; and the other side consists of the compulsory measures that were adopted specifically in the sphere of commercial policy.
		Naturally it is true of the commercial blockades of the Revolution, as of those of earlier times, that they were not even approximately maintained; the result was that smuggling once more became one of the principal means of Anglo-French intercourse.
	oll.libertyfund.org /Home3/HTML.php?recordID=0142 (12000 words)

	Wikinfo \| First French Empire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		It was from Berlin, on 21 November 1806, that he had dated the first decree of a continental blockade, a monstrous conception intended to paralyze his inveterate rival, but which on the contrary caused his own fall by its immoderate extension of the Empire.
		But the application of the Concordat and the taking of Naples led to the first of those struggles with the pope in which were formulated two antagonistic doctrines: Napoleon declaring himself Roman emperor, and Pius VII renewing the theocratic affirmations of Pope Gregory VII.
		Finally, amidst profound silence from the press and the Assemblies, a protest was raised against imperial despotism by the literary world, against the excommunicated sovereign by Catholicism, and against the author of the continental blockade by the discontented bourgeoisie, ruined by the crisis of 1811.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=First_French_Empire (2618 words)

	Heckscher, The Continental System, Front Matter: Library of Economics and Liberty
		THE author of the present inquiry into the Continental System during the beginning of the last century is known as one of the most prominent political economists in Scandinavia and as a thorough investigator of the history of commerce.
		When the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace publishes the book, the obvious explanation is that the Continental blockade in many ways throws light on the economic blockade among the belligerent powers involved by the World War.
		Probably the atmosphere of a rather strict blockade in a neutral country will be found to pervade it as a more or less natural consequence of the time of its production.
	www.econlib.org /library/YPDBooks/Heckscher/hksrCS0.html (1361 words)

	LETTERSTIME - The British Blockade
		The principles and practices of the naval blockade, the rights and duties of neutral countries, and the limits on the conduct of belligerents were the subject of many diplomatic notes, treaties, and conferences over a great many years before the Great War began.
		The blockade, for example, had to be continuously applied or else it was simply episodic acts of piracy.
		A blockade had to be confined to the Belligerent's ports and coastline, and could not be imposed around a Neutral even if that approach was easier or more convenient.
	www.thequickbluefox.com /British-blockade.html (6602 words)

	Continental System -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia you can trust! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		His efforts to halt evasions of his blockade stretched French forces too thin, and ultimately provoked his calamitous invasion of Russia in 1812.
		England responded to the Continental System with Orders in Council that subjected France and all countries in alliance with Napoleon to a counterblockade.
		These orders were one of the main causes of the Anglo-American War of 1812.
	www.britannica.com /ebc/article-9026061 (967 words)

	Scots in Sweden - Nineteenth Century
		The coalition wars of 1806-12 were followed by the Continental blockade, which provided businessmen in Gothenburg with a unique opportunity to make their fortunes.
		Sweden was outside the blockade, and Gothenburg was a suitable port for trans-shipment.
		By the age of 23 he was able to open his own business, and like many others he made a fortune out of timber and iron exports during the Continental blockade.
	www.electricscotland.com /history/sweden/19.htm (2058 words)

	[No title]
		Alexander agreed to join Napoleon's Continental Blockade against Great Britain, and in a secret addition to the treaty, Europe were divided into an eastern and a western part, the eastern Russian part including Sweden.
		Russia was from then on an ally of France and to force Sweden into the Continental Blockade, Russian troops so crossed the border to Finland in early 1808.
		Russia was having a hard time accepting the Continental Blockade and soon started trading with the British again, the cracks in the unstable alliance between France and Russia increased and the whole thing soon fell apart.
	www.multi.fi /~goranfri/bioalexander.html (1234 words)

	[No title]
		Effects of the Continental Blockade If the Continental Blockade was in effect at all during the first year, then roll on the "Partial Year" column.
		CONTINENTAL BLOCKADE TABLE Years in Effect Partial Full Die -3 -8 1 -3 -7 2 -2 -6 3 -1 -5 4 0 -4 5 0 -2 6 [phrase deleted] The Continental Blockade remains in effect only as long as the conditions specified under "Declaring the Continental Blockade" remain fulfilled.
		Agents may not land at ports blockaded by enemy fleets, or at ports containing Enemy fleets.
	grognard.com /variants/advance.txt (1731 words)

	Napoleon
		With its imaginary armaments, it was to contribute to the weight of the charges to the British treasury, the weight of the debt and participate in the ruining of an economy of which Napoleon never ceased denouncing its fragility and which relied on exchanges and credits.
		Being unable to envision a squadron war, the mission of the navy of a continental power is reduced to privateering, the support of colonies, the enactment of large-scale operations, slowing down the build-up of power of a naval adversary and to increasing its burdens.
		As Bourrienne stressed, the continental Blockade had political effects which were more pernicious than the fall of twenty thrones.
	www.napoleon.org /en/reading_room/articles/files/napoleon_england_partII.asp (9440 words)

	NapoleonGames.com: Games by Operational Studies Group.
		As it was, the blockade cost Russia, Germany, Prussia, and Britain 20%Ñ30% of their annual income.
		The blockade came at a time when the British economy was expandingÑcotton exports, which in 1793 totaled £1.65 million, by 1815 had multiplied to £22.5 million.
		In fact, his continental system did weaken the British economy, precipitating an economic crisis in 1808 and again in 1811-1812.
	www.napoleongames.com /overview.html (3991 words)

	WHKMLA History of the Economy by Period : the Continental System
		Napoleon, in an attempt to harm Britain, in 1804 declared the CONTINENTAL BLOCKADE of British trade.
		The blockade did have an affect on the British economy, but not exactly the one intended by Napoleon.
		Napoleon et le blocus continental, from cliotexte, decree of the continental blockade 1806
	www.zum.de /whkmla/economy/period/contblock.html (244 words)

	Continental System
		It was extended by the Warsaw Decree (1807), the
		Berlin Decree - Berlin Decree, 1806, decree issued in Berlin by Napoleon I on Nov. 21 in answer to the British...
		Milan Decree - Milan Decree, issued Dec., 1807, by Napoleon I of France in an attempt to enforce the Continental...
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/history/A0813372.html (413 words)

	Our Homeland [The Voice of Russia]
		Then Napoleon decided to strangle London economically through the so-called Continental Blockade, which meant that the European nations were barred from trading with Britain.
		Also, they were opposed to the continental blockade against Britain, the main buyer of Russian bread and raw materials, as well as to the suspended trade with London, which severely damaged the Russian economy.
		Napoleon realized that his policy of continental blockade against Britain was about to collapse and that he would never be able to rule sway the destinies of Europe as long as Russia remained strong and independent.
	www.vor.ru /English/homeland/home_020.html (2525 words)

	CTRL Blockade (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		It should be noted that the CTRL Blockade Works (the signalling, track and station alterations to allow a revised Thameslink train service to operate during the September 2004 to March 2005 CTRL Blockade) are continuing and are unaffected by the situation regarding non-receipt of TWA powers.
		London and Continental Railways is reviewing the operation of Regional Eurostar services over the West and East Coast Main Lines, and no date has been set for the introduction of these services.
		Competing organisations were rigorously assessed on their ability to deliver the project in line with performance targets set by the Transport Department, and willingness to find investment and accept the risks of the project.
	www.railwaypeople.com /rail-projects/ctrl-blockade-25.html (2776 words)

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