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Topic: Continuity of government

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Continuity of Operations Plan

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German presidential election, 2004

Carlo Azeglio Ciampi

	Government (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		An alternative is to define a government as an organisation that attempts to maintain control of a territory, where "control" involves activities such as collecting taxes, controlling entry and exit to the state, preventing encroachment of territory by neighbouring states and preventing the establishment of alternative governments within the country.
		Governments use a variety of methods to maintain the established order, such as police and military forces, (particularly under despotism, see also police state), making agreements with other states, and maintaining support within the state.
		A government in a developed state is likely to have various sub-organisations known as offices, departments, or agencies, which are headed by politically appointed officials, often called ministers or secretaries.
	hallencyclopedia.com /Government (807 words)

	Government (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The leader of a government and his advisors are called a regime.
		A government is said to regulate trade as well as to rule over land.
		Because government is very dangerous, most people think leaders must be elected by some kind of democracy.
	encyclopedia.st /Government (669 words)

	CD - The Continuity of Government Program - Principles
		It was intended that the Central and Regional governments would continue to govern during and after an attack but if the Central government was destroyed or lost communication, the Regional elements would have assumed the powers and responsibilities of the Central government until the Central government was reconstituted or communications were restored.
		Although municipal governments were not directly mentioned in the overall concept of the decentralized system of government announced by the Prime Minister in 1958, provision was been made by some (admittedly very few) municipalities for the protection of their governments, particularly in areas where it was impractical to form Zones (e.g., remote communities, large cities).
		Implicit to the concept of Continuity of Government was the autonomy of a Region in the event of a communication break with the Central government.
	www.diefenbunker.ca /english/docs/0/9/113/39.asp (2929 words)

	washingtonpost.com: THE ULTIMATE CONGRESSIONAL HIDEAWAY
		Unlike other government relocation centers, built mainly to house military and executive branch officials who would manage a nuclear crisis and its aftermath, the Greenbrier facility was custom-designed to meet the needs of a Congress-in-hiding, complete with a chamber for the Senate, a chamber for the House and a massive hall for joint sessions.
		"Continuity of government," as it came to be called, evolved into a military subspecialty.
		But a former government official whose familiarity with the facility dates back to its origins offers a fairly complete description, many details of which are confirmed by sources stationed there in more recent years.
	www.washingtonpost.com /wp-srv/local/daily/july/25/brier1.htm (5956 words)

	Continuity of Government - United States Nuclear Forces
		The plans and provisions for continuity of the executive departments and agencies of the federal government are based on executive orders 10952 and 10346, and National Security Council action documents.
		The elements comprising the program for the continuity of the executive departments and agencies of the federal government have changed but little in the years since the federal government initiated the program.
		The departments and all major agencies of the federal government have established lines of succession for their key positions at the seat of government.
	www.globalsecurity.org /wmd/systems/cog.htm (911 words)

	Continuity of Government - A Threat to the Constitution. By Rep. Ron Paul.
		Continuity of Government - A Threat to the Constitution.
		The "Continuity of Government Commission" (COGC), spearheaded by the Brookings Institution and the American Enterprise Institute, recently issued proposals for the operation of Congress following a catastrophic terrorist attack.
		COGC focuses on government legitimacy, arguing that a House of Representatives with only a handful of surviving members would not be seen as legitimate by the public.
	www.conservativeusa.org /cog-ronpaul.htm (1571 words)

	cold war leftovers - continuity of government
		The "Continuity of Government" program had its genesis during the Truman administration, but came to fruition in the Eisenhower and Kennedy eras.
		The goal was to provide a means for the continued operation of a civilian government during a nuclear war.
		Dedicated in 1969 and functioning as a Continuity of Government facility until 1992, Mt. Pony is presently being prepared for a second life as a motion picture storage facility.
	www.duotone.com /coldwar/cog (505 words)

	THE CONTINUITY OF GOVERNMENT IN THE FACE OF ENEMY ATTACK- THE BRITISH EXPERIENCE
		If the machinery of Government were to leave the heart of London, it would now remain, at least temporarily, in the shelter of the defended area of London.
		The survival of central government in the face of nuclear attack is however pre-supposed in official literature.
		The Central Emergency Government Headquarters is primarily Federal, the Regional Emergency Government Headquarters are primarily provincial, and the Zonal Emergency Government Headquarters are provincial-municipal.
	www.geocities.com /noelcox/Continuity_of_Government.htm (5533 words)

	Origins - The Continuity of Government Program/Emergency Government Facilities (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		In January of 1957 the Committee recommended the establishment of emergency government headquarters at the federal, provincial (regional), and local (sector) levels, because of the fact that the Federal Government and some Provincial and Municipal Governments were located in areas liable to deliberate attack and therefore subject to evacuation.
		The Canadian Army also became heavily involved in the area of continuity of government by its acceptance of responsibility for constructing the central and regional emergency government headquarters and providing communications equipment.
		By 1960, the federal government had accepted the principle of an emergency regional site in each province from which the various federal organizations, including the military, would be able to operate in the closest cooperation with provincial authorities for the area.
	www.diefenbunker.ca /english/docs/0/120/234/9/113/40.asp?type=Web&id=40 (427 words)

	PDD-NSC-67 Enduring Constitutional Government and Continuity of Government Operations
		The purpose of Enduring Constitutional Government (ECG), Continuity of Government (COG), and Continuity of Operations (COOP) is to ensure survival of a constitutional form of government and the continuity of essential Federal functions.
		Presidential Decision Directive 67 replaced the Bush Administration's NSD 69 "Enduring Constitutional Government" of 02 June 1992, which in turn succeeded NSD 37 "Enduring Constitutional Government" of 18 April 1990 and NSDD 55 "Enduring National Leadership" of 14 September 1982.
		With the reduced threat to this country of nuclear attack by the former Soviet Union and its successor nations, Enduring Constitutional Government programs (the former Continuity of Government programs) were scaled back in the early 1990s.
	www.fas.org /irp/offdocs/pdd/pdd-67.htm (351 words)

	Continuity of Operations Plan
		Much of the government's plans for post-nuclear war survival remain secret, and some of the measures that are known are controversial.
		Other provisions of the plans included executive orders that designated certain government officials to assume Cabinet and other Executive Branch positions and form a shadow government if the primary office holders were killed in a nuclear exchange.
		Some have even alleged that the government has a secret and vast Presidential line of succession indicating which obscure Washington bureaucrat would become president in the wake of a massive nuclear holocaust.
	www.fact-index.com /c/co/continuity_of_operations_plan.html (972 words)

	Montana Constitution, Article III, Section 2. Continuity of government. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The seat of government shall be in Helena, except during periods of emergency resulting from disasters or enemy attack.
		The legislature may enact laws to insure the continuity of government during a period of emergency without regard for other provisions of the constitution.
		They shall be effective only during the period of emergency that affects a particular office or governmental operation.
	data.opi.state.mt.us /bills/mca/Constitution/III/2.htm (61 words)

	CNN.com - Backup U.S. government in place - March 1, 2002
		The secretive operation is based on Cold War protocols and its guidelines and infrastructure are the subject of urgent review within the administration to bring "continuity of government" planning up to modern-day needs and capabilities, the federal official said.
		But while Cheney has resumed a schedule that is "almost normal," as the senior official put it, the bunker government of "several dozen, roughly 100" senior government workers remains in place, using two secure locations in the eastern United States that were constructed for such a contingency.
		Still, the officials said Bush and other top White House officials including Cheney were adamant that the government take precautions designed to make sure government functions ranging from civil defense to transportation and agricultural production could be managed in the event Washington was the target of a major strike.
	www.cnn.com /2002/US/03/01/bunker.government (725 words)

	The Constitution of the United States
		One of the Constitutional amendment drafts put forward by COG stipulates that “Congress shall have the power to regulate by law the filling of vacancies that may occur in the House of Representatives and Senate in the event that a substantial number of members are killed or incapacitated.”
		COG Co-Chairman Alan Simpson says these gubernatorial appointments would be “temporary”, but we ought be skeptical.
		Arguing further against COG arguments is the fact that, through its Article I, Section 4 authority, Congress already may require quick special elections to fill vacancies in the House.
	www.electcongress.org /articles/2003/phillips.shtml (1237 words)

	Continuity of Operations Planning (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Continuity of Operations Planning (COOP) recognizes the importance of government entities to provide continuous essential services (police, fire, water, electricity, sewage, etc.) during or after an event that threatens to deny these services to the population.
		Continuity of government operations at all levels (federal,state and local) is essential to the survival of our nation.
		Jurisdictions must be prepared to continue their minimum essential functions throughout the spectrum of possible threats from natural disasters through acts of terrorism.
	www.excelliant.com /?ID=40 (531 words)

	Testimony of Phyllis Schlafly on the Continuity of Government
		COG hypothesizes that it would be a second disaster if, after a terrorist attack on the U.S. Capitol killed most members of Congress, we then had to wait several months for special elections to fill the House vacancies.
		COG proposes a constitutional amendment that would allow House members to be appointed, a procedure that is now unconstitutional.
		COG's co-chairman is Lloyd Cutler, confidant of Presidents Carter and Clinton, who was also co-chairman of the 1983 Committee on the Constitutional System that tried (fortunately unsuccessfully) to change the U.S. Constitution in a dozen ways in order to eliminate our Separation of Powers.
	www.electcongress.org /testimony/PS-8-29-03.shtml (762 words)

	Continuity of government - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Continuity of government (COG) is the principle of establishing defined procedures that allow a government to continue its essential operations in case of a nuclear war or other catastrophic event.
		Developed during the Cold War, COG plans were implemented by many countries to avoid leaving a vacuum at any governmental level, which could lead to anarchy or to an unlawful assumption of authority.
		This page was last modified 02:12, 30 June 2005.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Continuity_of_government (97 words)

	The Redundancy Payments (Continuity of Employment in Local Government, etc.) (Modification) (Amendment) Order 2002 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Where you see a "continue" button at the bottom of the page of text, this indicates that there is another chunk of text available.
		The Redundancy Payments (Continuity of Employment in Local Government, etc.) (Modification) Order 1999 as amended modifies certain provisions of the Employment Rights Act 1996 concerning redundancy payments in their application to individuals employed by local authorities or certain other bodies, most of which are local or regional.
		The effect of the modifications is that an individual's service with a succession of employers is treated as continuous for the purpose of determining his entitlement to a redundancy payment or the amount of any such payment.
	www.legislation.hmso.gov.uk /si/si2002/20020532.htm (675 words)

	Guardian Unlimited \| Special reports \| Secret of the US nuclear bunkers
		The existence of the shadow government was reported by the Washington Post yesterday after the paper did a deal with the administration that it would not disclose the location of the sites.
		The government is believed to have about 40 underground shelters at various places in the US, many built into mountainsides within about 100 miles of Washington.
		Every major government department is represented at the sites, with instructions to maintain emergency services in the short term and then re-form the government in the long term.
	www.guardian.co.uk /bush/story/0,7369,660700,00.html (704 words)

	Continuity of Government - United States Nuclear Forces
		Continuity of Government - United States Nuclear Forces
		Continuity of Government is basic to survival of the nation.
		The single most important element for achieving continuity of government is the preservation of constitutional leadership.
	www.fas.org /nuke/guide/usa/c3i/cog.htm (934 words)

	The United States' Secret Shadow Government, A Structural Analysis by Richard Boylan PhD
		The secret "shadow" government is the large organisational network which operates alongside the officially elected and appointed government of the United States of America.
		However, unlike the official government, the purpose of the non-executive branches of the Shadow Government is simply to distribute various functions, but not to achieve a system of checks and balances, as was supposed to happen constitutionally between the executive, legislative and judicial branches of the U.S. Government.
		That is because the Shadow Government is a creature of a powerful elite, who need not fear being dominated by an instrument of their own creation.
	www.abovetopsecret.com /pages/secgov.html (1280 words)

	Adam Continuity - UK Government's Civil Contingencies Bill (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Douglas Alexander, Minister for the Cabinet Office, said, 'The Civil Contingencies Bill is an important element of the Government's work to enhance the resilience of the United Kingdom to disruptive challenges.
		The Government is also publishing today the response to the recommendations of the Joint Parliamentary Committee that carried out pre-legislative scrutiny of the draft bill, and a report on the results of the public consultation exercise.
		The bill is accompanied by a Full Regulatory Impact Assessment, indicative draft regulations, the government's response to the Joint Committee and the summary of consultation responses.
	www.adam.co.uk /article/articleview/10182/1/41 (478 words)

	Business Continuity Planning Survey (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		As you may be aware, when planning for continuous operations in an emergency, you should establish lines of succession for key management positions to ensure continuous leadership and authority.
		Continuity of business focuses on the provision and protection of core government activities.
		Whether you refer to your plans as âcontinuity of government,â âcontinuity of operations,â âbusiness continuity,â or âbusiness resumption,â the essential idea should be to ensure that viable and executable contingency plans exist to facilitate the essential work of departments, agencies, and independent organizations during any emergency that may disrupt normal operations.
	www.cdfa.ca.gov /it/bcsurvey/survey.aspx (314 words)

	BBC News \| AMERICAS \| Bush defends shadow government
		President George W Bush has acknowledged taking measures to ensure continuity of government in the event of another large-scale terrorist attack on the United States.
		The plan for a shadow government has been implemented because of heightened fears that Osama Bin Laden's al-Qaeda network might obtain a portable nuclear weapon.
		However, in their first significant operational use, managers discovered that computers were "several generations" behind current models and could not link to government databases.
	news.bbc.co.uk /hi/english/world/americas/newsid_1850000/1850236.stm (596 words)

	CNN.com - Security raised in cities, airports, trains - Dec. 23, 2003
		A government official said numerous people have been blocked from entering the country at various locations since December 1 but would not give specifics.
		The United States is working with airlines and foreign governments to improve their security postures, officials said.
		Government sources said some of the intelligence came from Britain.
	www.cnn.com /2003/US/12/22/threat.level (1290 words)

	No to the "Continuity of Government" Amendment! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		This is not to say, however, that the ãContinuity of Government Commissionä has not made a recommendation on the procedure.
		If there is to be a Constitutional amendment on ãcontinuity of government,ä it must clearly delineate the procedures for emergency elections (preferably within 60 days of the loss), and the scope and limitations of the work of a Congress that may not have quorum to carry out business.
		Most importantly, such an amendment must not allow for the shifting of constitutional powers from one branch of the government (legislative) to another (executive); on the contrary, measures such as the imposition of martial law must be permanently removed from the hands of the executive branch.
	sp-usa.org /democracy/statement20030608.html (404 words)

	FEDERAL EXECUTIVE BRANCH CONTINUITY OF OPERATIONS (COOP) - FEDERAL PREPAREDNESS CIRCULAR
		Inherent in that role is the responsibility to formulate guidance for agencies to use in developing viable, executable COOP plans; facilitate interagency coordination as appropriate; and oversee and assess the status of COOP capability across the Federal Executive Branch.
		Additionally, each agency is responsible for appointing a senior Federal government executive as an Emergency Coordinator to serve as program manager and agency point of contact for coordinating agency COOP activities.
		Included are emergency plans and directives; orders of succession; delegations of authority; staffing assignments; and related records of a policy or procedural nature that provide agency staff with guidance and information resources necessary for conducting operations during an emergency, and for resuming formal operations at its conclusion.
	www.fas.org /irp/offdocs/pdd/fpc-65.htm (3274 words)

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