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Topic: Continuous signal


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In the News (Fri 27 Nov 09)

  
  Sensitivity of Series 6000
Therefore, the signal must be at least 1 second long to span two ½ second intervals, or considering the fact that it is not synchronized to the direction finder, it should ideally be at least 1.5 seconds long.
Statistically, the sensitivity of the DF increases with the length of the signal, and in the measurements presented later in this report, the signal was continuous over the entire data-taking interval of 1000 seconds.
This is a special version of the gated pulse input in which the pulse signal is a short duration pulse (typically 100 msec) that sets an internal timer in the direction finder which takes 500 msec of bearing data with clockwise antenna rotation followed by 500 msec of bearing data with counter clockwise antenna rotation.
www.dopsys.com /sensitivity.htm   (1930 words)

  
 Signal (electrical engineering) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Signals are often scalar-valued functions of time (waveforms), but may be vector valued and may be functions of any other relevant independent variable.
Continuous-time signals are often referred to as continuous signals even when the signal functions are not continuous; an example is a square-wave signal.
For instance, if a signal is passed through an LTI system, the frequency spectrum of the resulting output signal is the product of the frequency spectrum of the original input signal and the frequency response of the system.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Signal_(information_theory)   (963 words)

  
 Means for detecting TDMA signal multiplexing position in a star network master terminal system - Patent 5450413
Under the circumstances, a determination as to whether a signal transmitted from a terminal station at the time of installation is properly multiplexed at a proper position is conventionally made at the master station by using a measuring instrument such as a synchroscope.
The signal TS turns to high-level for a time period equivalent to the width of a time slot in which the signal transmitted from a terminal station as the object of measurement is to be multiplexed.
Therefore, when a signal is transmitted from a terminal station at the time of installation, it is possible to confirm readily with the eye that the signal is multiplexed at a proper time slot position and not other time slot position, though a deviation of the signal from the proper timing is undetectable.
www.freepatentsonline.com /5450413.html   (5380 words)

  
 Analyzing Signals
One of the major tasks of signal processing is the determination of characteristics of a signal, in both the time and frequency domains.
Two general functions to report on a variety of signal characteristics are included (one for continuous and one for discrete signals).
The functions for continuous signals add the ability to handle complex values and impulse functions, while those for discrete signals generate a "fencepost" plot (also known as "lollipop" or "stem" plots) in one dimension, and a density plot in two dimensions.
documents.wolfram.com /applications/signals/AnalyzingSignals.html   (1698 words)

  
 Frequently Asked Questions :: Advanced Concepts (Wavelet Toolbox)
When the energy of the signal is finite, not all values of a decomposition are needed to exactly reconstruct the original signal, provided that you are using a wavelet that satisfies some admissibility condition (see [Dau92] pages 7, 24, and 27).
Continuous analysis is often easier to interpret, since its redundancy tends to reinforce the traits and makes all information more visible.
Deterministic fractal signals or Brownian motion trajectories are locally very irregular; for example, the latter are continuous signals, but their first derivative exists almost nowhere.
www.mathworks.com /access/helpdesk/help/toolbox/wavelet/ch06_a29.html   (1743 words)

  
 THE WAVELET TUTORIAL PART III by ROBI POLIKAR
The wavelet analysis is done in a similar way to the STFT analysis, in the sense that the signal is multiplied with a function, {\it the wavelet}, similar to the window function in the STFT, and the transform is computed separately for different segments of the time-domain signal.
All of the signals given in the figure are derived from the same cosine signal, i.e., they are dilated or compressed versions of the same function.
If the signal has a major component of the frequency corresponding to the current scale, then the wavelet (the basis function) at the current scale will be similar or close to the signal at the particular location where this frequency component occurs.
users.rowan.edu /~polikar/WAVELETS/WTpart3.html   (5094 words)

  
 Signals, Systems, and Control Demonstrations
Displays the effect various operations on a continuous-time signal have on the amplitude and phase spectra of the signal.
Discrete-Time Fourier Transform Properties A Java applet that displays the effect that various operations on a discrete-time signal have on the amplitude and phase spectra of the signal.
A Java applet for signal sampling at various sampling frequencies, and signal reconstruction from samples using various low-pass filter cutoff frequencies.
www.jhu.edu /~signals/index.html   (1295 words)

  
 Non-Integer Time Shifting of Discrete Time Signal and Its Use in Beam Forming Denoising
That is to say we want to know the value of the original continuous signal at some points, which are not sampled, from the discrete signal that is generated from sampling the continuous signal.
From Nyquist sampling theorem, we know that the continuous signal can be recovered from the discrete signal generated from sampling that continuous signal, if the sampling frequency is larger that the two times of the highest frequency of the continuous signal.
Thus the value of the original continuous signal at some unsampled points definitely can be computed from the value of the sampled points if the condition of Nyquist theorem holds.
www.ele.uri.edu /~hanx/ArraySignalPoc.htm   (570 words)

  
 HCI at Stanford University: d.tools   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
Sliders and knobs are examples of continuous inputs - turning a knob from its leftmost to its rightmost position will generate a long sequence of events with values starting at 0, increasing, and ending at 100.
Continuous inputs can also be used as control signal sources that send messages to control signal targets within a state.
Whenever a new state is made the currently active state (either by selecting it with the mouse in the d.tool software or by events generated by hardware inputs), all outputs will change to reflect the authored content.
hci.stanford.edu /d-tools/guide_io_components.html   (994 words)

  
 Signal Processing in Processing: Sampling and Quantization   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
Any signal, in order to be processed by numerical computing devices, have to be reduced to a sequence of discrete samples, and each sample must be represented using a finite number of bits.
Sampling is, for one-dimensional signals, the operation that transforms a continuous-time signal (such as, for instance, the air pressure fluctuation at the entrance of the ear canal) into a discrete-time signal, that is a sequence of numbers.
Fact 1 The Fourier Transform of a discrete-time signal is a function (called spectrum) of the continuous variable ω, and it is periodic with period 2π.
cnx.org /content/m13045/latest   (2184 words)

  
 Continuous signal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A continuous signal or a continuous-time signal is a varying quantity (a signal) that is expressed as a function of a real-valued domain, usually time.
In many disciplines, the convention is that a continuous signal must always have a finite value, which makes more sense in the case of physical signals.
Discrete signals, used in digital signal processing, can be obtained by sampling and quantization of continuous signals.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Continuous_signal   (268 words)

  
 2.1 Digital Recording Introduction   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
The geophysical signal in Figure 1.5 is magnetic data recorded with a cesium vapor magnetometer.
The magnetic field graph (Figure 2.2a) appears to be a continuous variation of signal strength with distance.
Actually, both the signal amplitude and the distance were digitized during the recording.
www-rohan.sdsu.edu /~jiracek/digital/digitalrecording/index.html   (598 words)

  
 SiliconSoft Web Site Glossary
Continuous Signal - A signal that has a range of values closely separated with essentially no jumps or gaps.
Usually it is defined as the point at which the amplitude of the signal is reduced by 3 dB after passing through the filter.
For data acquisition, it is the pressure-time relationship, and for electronic signals, it is the voltage-time or current-time relationship.
www.siliconsoft.com /glossary.htm   (2030 words)

  
 Discrete Fourier Transform
The analog signal is sampled and quantized in an ADC and fed to a DSP as a sequence of numbers.
Sampling a continuous signal x(t), shown in Figure 3(a), with a sampling signal at a regular interval T as in Figure 3(b) gives discrete-time signal with non-zero values at instants nT as shown in Figure 3(c).
A continuous, periodic signal can be decomposed into an infinite set, called the Fourier series, of harmonically related frequencies, the fundamental frequency being equal to the inverse of the period.
rfdesign.com /mag/radio_understanding_discrete_fourier   (2045 words)

  
 Understanding digital signal processing's frequency domain
Next, coax cables labeled ‘cosine’ for the cosine signal and ‘sine’ for the sinewave signal are connected to the generators' output connectors and ran down the hall to their destination.
signal is controlled based on some bipolar binary data (+1 and -1), the other lab could measure that phase at certain instants in time and extract that binary data.
For discrete signals, frequency is measured in radians/sample.” Redrawing the spectrum from Figure 11(b) illustrates the normalized angle and normalized frequency axis representations in Figure 13.
rfdesign.com /mag/radio_understanding_digital_signal   (3840 words)

  
 Signal Classifications and Properties   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
It should be noted that some discussions like energy signals vs. power signals have been designated their own module for a more complete discussion, and will not be included here.
In contrast to this, a discrete-time signal is often created by using the sampling theorem to sample a continuous signal, so it will only have values at equally spaced intervals along the time axis.
A deterministic signal is a signal in which each value of the signal is fixed and can be determined by a mathematical expression, rule, or table.
cnx.org /content/m10057/latest   (782 words)

  
 TechOnline | Continuous Signal Processing
Continuous signal processing is a parallel field to DSP, and most of the techniques are nearly identical.
For example, both DSP and continuous signal processing are based on linearity, decomposition, convolution and Fourier analysis.
Continuous signal processing is based on mathematics; signals are represented as equations, and systems change one equation into another.
www.techonline.com /learning/techpaper/193102677   (188 words)

  
 An Introduction to Z Transforms
In continuous systems, inputs and outputs are related by differential equations and Laplace transform techniques are used to solve those differential equations.
The processed digital signal is converted to an analog signal for use in the analog world.
In the sampled world, this signal is probably going to play the same role as the decaying exponential plays in the continuous world.
www.facstaff.bucknell.edu /mastascu/eControlHTML/Sampled/Sampled1.html   (4432 words)

  
 The Joy of Convolution   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
The signal h(t), assumed known, is the response of thesystem to a unit impulse input.
To compute the output y(t) at a specified t, first theintegrand h(v) x(t - v) is computed as a function of v.Then integration with respect to v is performed, resulting iny(t).
Second, multiply thetwo signals and compute the signed area of the resulting function ofv to obtain y(t).
www.jhu.edu /~signals/convolve   (209 words)

  
 Sampling: What Nyquist Didn't Say, and What to Do About It
But the sampled signal won't necessarily be at the same frequency as the original signal: there is an ambiguity in the signal frequency equal to the sampling rate.
Note the “stair-step” nature of the interpolated signal, as well as the fact that on average it is delayed from the original signal – depending on your requirements this bit of delay may not matter at all, or it may break your system's error budget.
: when a signal at a certain frequency is reconstructed the continuous-time signal will have components at the sampled-time signal frequency, as well as all multiples of the sample rate plus and minus the sampled-time signal frequency.
www.wescottdesign.com /articles/Sampling/sampling.html   (5106 words)

  
 Using the Libraries (Using the Communications Blockset)
A scatter plot of a signal plots the signal's value at its decision points.
A signal trajectory is a continuous plot of a signal over time.
A signal trajectory differs from a scatter plot in that the latter displays points on the signal trajectory at discrete intervals of time.
www.weizmann.ac.il /matlab/toolbox/commblks/usersguide/tutor116.html   (393 words)

  
 Sampling Exercises
The continuous signal x(t) given below was sampled with sampling period T to obtain a discrete-time signal x[n].
The continuous-time signal x(t) shown below is sampled with a sampling period T to obtain a discrete-time signal x[n] also shown below.
The continuous-time signal x(t) provided below is sampled with a sampling period T to obtain the discrete-time signal x[n] given below.
www.cs.unc.edu /~parente/igv/hw4/parente_hw4.html   (330 words)

  
 [No title]
Notice that the task of inferring the continuous input signal f(t) from this set of discrete samples (ti, fi) appears to be an easy one.
In this case, the solid line is a continuous curve that matches the discrete samples at each of the sampling times ti.
The true input signal f(t) is, of course, not known beforehand.
www.engin.umich.edu /class/aero305/lab03.doc   (2677 words)

  
 Sound Blaster X-Fi
In analog audio electronics, these variations in air pressure are represented by continuous variations in the electrical potential, or voltage, in an electrical circuit (figure 1).
It is an amazing fact, backed up by some impressive mathematics, that a continuous sound wave can be completely represented with any specific accuracy by a finite set of numbers.
The rate at which samples are taken must be at least twice the highest frequency of the sound to be reproduced, and is called the "sample rate," which is measured in Hertz (Hz).
www.soundblaster.com /products/x-fi/technology/lastinfo/ssrc1.asp   (297 words)

  
 Linguistics 525 / CIS 558 -- Resampling and the wavetable oscillator
The usual approach to sampling theory starts by considering the circumstances under which a continuous signal can be reconstructed from knowledge of its values only at certain sample points, equally spaced in time (or space, or whatever).
The sampling process is modeling by multiplying the original signal by an impulse train, which is another continuous signal that has the value zero except at a set of discrete, equally-spaced points.
We then consider the (continuous) Fourier transform of the result, and this leads directly to the sampling theorem, which provides a simple and clear definition of the circumstances under which the original signal can be recovered, and also give a simple prescription for the recovery.
www.ling.upenn.edu /courses/Spring_2005/ling525/sampling1.html   (4463 words)

  
 Sampling Theorem   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
, when simple downsampling of a discrete time signal is being used to reduce the sampling rate by an integer factor.
In analogy with the continuous-time aliasing theorem of §D.2, the downsampling theorem (§7.4.11) states that downsampling a digital signal by an integer factor
If only one of the blocks is nonzero, then the original signal at the higher sampling rate is exactly recoverable.
www-ccrma.stanford.edu /~jos/st/Shannon_s_Sampling_Theorem.html   (394 words)

  
 Discrete Systems and Digital Signal Processing w/ MATLAB   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
Helps students stay focused by including the necessary background material within each chapter instead of in appendicesA solutions manual is available with qualifying course adoptions.
Discrete linear systems is a broad area, and those studying the subject need and deserve a dedicated treatment.
Discrete Systems and Digital Signal Processing with MATLAB presents all of the material needed to build a strong foundation and at the same time master the use of MATLAB for problem solving.
www.scitechpub.com /elali_DisSystems.htm   (626 words)

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