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Topic: Continuously variable slope delta modulation

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	Duty cycle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The ratio of (a) the sum of all pulse durations during a specified period of continuous operation to (b) the total specified period of operation.
		In a continuously variable slope delta (CVSD) modulation converter, the mean proportion of binary "1" digits at the converter output in which each "1" indicates a run of a specified number of consecutive bits of the same polarity in the digital output signal.
		Pulse-width modulation (PWM) is used in some music synthesizers to vary the duty-cycle of an oscillator during the performance, which has a subtle effect on the tone colors obtained.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Duty_cycle (297 words)

	PLTW - Duty Cycle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Note: Continuous operation usually requires that there be fully redundant configuration, or at least a sufficient X out of Y degree of redundancy for compatible equipment, where X is the number of spare components and Y is the number of operational components.
		continuously variable slope delta (CVSD) modulation: A type of delta modulation in which the size of the steps of the approximated signal is progressively increased or decreased as required to make the approximated signal closely match the input analog wave.
		A time-dependent variation of a characteristic of a physical phenomenon, used to convey information.
	home.comcast.net /~teachcte/electron/duty1.htm (761 words)

	esp@cenet description view
		In the telecommunications field there has been a continuing trend toward the use of digital transmission techniques wherein analog signals, particularly voice signals, are digitized, transmitted and then reconverted to a sufficiently accurate representation of the original voice signal to be delivered at the receiving end of a telecommunications link.
		The previously mentioned adaptive differential pulse code modulation, sub-band coding and transform coding techniques can compress the digitized signals by a factor of two which is a significant savings but there is still a need in the art to further compress digitized voice signals to minimize the amount of memory required to store these signals.
		Similarly, instead of CVSD processing another delta modulation process that encodes binary words reprsenting sample points as a binary bit representing the slope of the voice signal may be used.
	v3.espacenet.com /textdes?&DB=EPODOC&IDX=EP118771 (4792 words)

	Data compression of ECG data using delta modulation - Patent 4567883
		Alternatively, delta demodulation may occur within the patient's body, and the demodulated analog signal may then be transmitted by FM, using the piezoelectric transducer to provide the FM audible signal detectable by an FM demodulator external to the body.
		In various prior art arrangements, such as that disclosed in the aforementioned Langer et al patent, the recording of cardiac data by fully implanted devices has necessitated the retrieval of that data by means of transmission through the skin of the subject by such means as induction coupling.
		The memory device 102 stores the binary data, representative of delta modulated compressed ECG data, for subsequent transmission external to the patient in a manner to be described.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4567883.html (3563 words)

	Automatic selection of decryption key for multiple-key encryption systems - United States Patent 4,440,976
		The output of encode-decode module 12 is taken to a delta-modulation detector 18 where it is tested for the presence of delta modulation in the signal that has been produced by encode-decode module 12.
		Similarly, the output of module 14 is applied to delta-modulation detector 20, and the output of module 16 is applied to delta-modulation detector 22.
		Delta modulation in contrast exhibits relatively long runs of bits in one direction followed by relatively long runs of bits in the other direction, in addition to short runs of noise.
	xrint.com /patents/us/4440976 (5669 words)

	Subscriber digital multiplexing system with time division concentration - United States Patent 4,001,514
		A maximum of 32 channels are provided using continuously variable slope delta modulation, with the modulation and demodulation being performed in line circuits individual to each line being served.
		Adaptive delta modulation is used for digital data transmission across a span to a remote terminal for demodulation and passage over a wire path to the subscriber.
		This delta modulation technique, using sampling frequency sampling of 44.1 KHz provides a signal to quantizing noise ratio that is comparable to that of seven-digit PCM of existing design.
	xrint.com /patents/us/4001514 (9842 words)

	Continuously variable slope delta modulation: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Continuously variable slope delta modulation is a voice coding method.
		Delta modulation (dm): analog-to-digital signal conversion in which (a) the analog signal is approximated with a series of segments, (b) each segment of the...
		Adaptation of step size allows one to avoid slope slope overload (step of quantisation[Follow this hyperlink for a summary of this subject] increases when the signal rapidly changes) and decreases granular noise when the signal is constant (decrease of step of quantisation).
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /enc3/continuously_variable_slope_delta_modulation (153 words)

	"ASTRO" and Trunking Terms Defined
		A CentraCom console module that is a direct interface for the dispatcher to make calls and to indicate received calls.
		A feature that allows radios in the same talkgroup call to continue, utilizing a hangtime to allow responding users to respond on the same RF channel assignment.
		Signal continuously broadcast over the control channel by the central controller to all active radios.
	users.snowcrest.net /marnells/glossary.htm (3244 words)

	CVSD - Continuous Variable Slope Delta Modulation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Bluetooth™ uses a 64Kbps CVSD (Continuously Variable Slope Delta) modulation scheme to code the voice.
		It is also possible to use standard 64Kbps PCM (Pulse Code Modulation) if required.
		CVSD takes advantage of the fact that human voice signals do not change rapidly and hence there is only a small change between samples.
	www.mpirical.com /companion/Transmission/CVSD_-_Continuous_Variable_Slope_Delta_Modulation.htm (53 words)

	About Digital Audio
		Delta Modulation (DM) is a data compression method where only the difference between subsequent samples is stored.
		One type of delta modulation is Continuously Variable Slope Delta modulation (CVSD), where a single bit is used to indicate whether the signal is increasing or decreasing.
		Another common type of DM is Adaptive Delta Pulse Code Modulation (ADPCM) where a constantly changing table of multiplier values enables the encoder to adapt to various types of signals.
	www.vfedit.com /content/Software/VFEdit/Manual/refint/REFINT.html (3177 words)

	[No title]
		In popular client/server systems, the client module often resides on a PC or workstation and is connected to a server via networking.
		continuous presence A video processing transmission and display mode that involves combining parts of two separate video images for transmission in a single data stream followed by display on a single device.
		continuous tone An image that has all the values (0 to 100 percent) of gray (fl & white) or color in it.
	www-act.ucsd.edu /actonly/telecom/ops/acroc.txt (5865 words)

	Telecom Dictionary V: Phone Service Definitions
		Variable Slope Delta Modulation - A type of delta modulation in which the size of the steps of the approximated signal is progressively increased or decreased as required to make the approximated signal closely match the input analog wave.Same as continuously variable slope delta modulation.
		Variance - In statistics, in a population of samples, the mean of the squares of the differences between the respective samples and their mean, expressed mathematically as:
		Variation Monitor - In ac power distribution, a device for sensing deviations of any measured variable, such as voltage, current, or frequency, and capable of initiating a programmed action, such as transfer to other power sources, when programmed limits of voltage, current, frequency, or time are exceeded, or providing an alarm, or both.
	www.higginsinternational.com /Definitions/telecom_dictionary_v.html (5939 words)

	[No title]
		Variable word length of the data block is the Integer of ((Bit_Count XE "bit_count" + 15)/16).
		XE "frequency modulation" The frequency deviation of an FM carrier or subcarrier, which represents the maximum and minimum amplitude of a PAM waveform, should be equal and opposite with respect to the assigned carrier or subcarrier frequency.
		The index field, which is 1-based, is determined by the position of the channel’s module in the ARMOR system.
	www.spiraltechinc.com /otis/106-01/IRIG_106-01_Appendix_E-L.doc (5463 words)

	Library
		The modulator uses the sample to create a very narrow pulse whose voltage (height) is the same as the analog signal’s at that point.
		Since voice signals vary relatively slowly, the change between successive samples, or differential, is usually much less than the full volume range.
		When the reconstruction is plotted, the result is a changing slope, thus the name: Continuously Variable Slope Delta-Modulation.
	www.tannergroup.com /library/digital.html (2479 words)

	Compression and expansion of digitized voice signals (EP0118771B1)
		Binary words derived from digitizing the signal in an analog-to-digital converter represent the voice non lineary and are first linearized by a first processor and then stored in a first memory until a block of binary words are assembled.
		This reduced amount of data is then upsampled by a factor of four using linear interpolation to derive a pseudo higher sample rate required for further processing using continuously variable slope delta modulation processing which yields one binary bit out for every binary word processed.
		encoding said expanded signal by means of a delta modulator to provide an encoded output signal wherein each word in the expanded signal is converted into one bit in the encoded output signal representative of the slope of the expanded signal, the encoded output signal providing said signal values.
	www.delphion.com /details?pn=EP00118771B1 (469 words)

	DSP Operations (DSP Blockset)
		LPC analysis and synthesis: Uses the Levinson solver and Time-Varying Lattice Filter for low-bandwidth transmission of speech.
		SSB modulation: Demonstrates single sideband (SSB) modulation in sample-based and frame-based modes.
		WWV digital receiver: WWV is the call sign of a US Government radio station that transmits frequency reference standards and time code information with a timing accuracy of 10 microseconds and a frequency accuracy of 1 part in 100 billion.
	www.phys.ufl.edu /docs/matlab/toolbox/dspblks/dsp4_u21.html (617 words)

	raide (French to English translation glossary) IT (Information Technology),
		• For protocols that required a continuous stream of data, zero bits are sometimes inserted to ensure that the stream is not broken.
		So rather than send the change in height of the analog signal curve, the 1-bit Continuously Variable Slope Delta-Modulation (CVSD) signal refers to a change in the slope or *steepness* of the curve.
		If the input signal is greater than the reference, a “1” is sent and the slope of the reference is increased.
	www.proz.com /kudoz/656795 (797 words)

	A-D encoder and D-A decoder system (US4700362) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Receiver for the reception of signals transmitted by delta modulation
		Arrangement for decoding a signal encoded by means of adaptive delta modulation
		Dunik, "Overload Noise Reduction in Adaptive Delta Modulators", IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, vol.
	www.delphion.com /details?pn=US04700362__ (1078 words)

	Delta modulation - TheBestLinks.com - Information, Modulation, Analog signal, Digital signal, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Delta modulation - TheBestLinks.com - Information, Modulation, Analog signal, Digital signal,...
		Delta modulation, Information, Modulation, Analog signal, Digital signal...
		You can add this article to your own "watchlist" and receive e-mail notification about all changes in this page.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Delta_modulation.html (71 words)

	Manpage of SoX (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The modulation is either sinusoidal (-s) or triangular (-t).
		Choices are q for quarter of a sinewave, h for half a sinewave, t for linear slope, l for logarithmic, and p for inverted parabola.
		The modulation is either sinodial (-s) or triangular (-t).
	www.mosquitonet.com /~syzdek/docs/man/man1/sox.1.html (6783 words)

	Speech Processing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The sign of the slope is positive if the current bit is a 1 and negative if the current bit is 0.
		Performance Measures - An evaluation of the intelligibility of various implementations of the CVSD algorithm operating at 16kbps was performed by ARCON in March of 2001: CVSD Intelligibility.
		In addition, results of the 16kbps CVSD algorithm were compared to 2.4kbps MELP and other DoD Voice Processors in a poster session presented at the IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing in Munich Germany, 1997 (ICASSP '97) entitled: A Comparison of the New 2400 BPS MELP Federal Standard with Other Standard Coders
	www.arcon.com /Codecs/cvsd.htm (267 words)

	TSEC/KYV-2A Secure Voice Module SVM
		At least one otherwise "clear" tone is modulated by a statistically random signal known as a Barker word, this tone then being mixed with the audio signals and transmitted.
		The modulation is present for a very short time, the conclusion of the modulation initiating the operation of a code generator which scrambles the succeeding audio signals.
		The recognition of the reception of the modulated tone at the receiver initiates the operation of its code generator (at the conclusion of the modulation), thereby recovering the original plaintext speech.
	www.pacificsites.com /~brooke/KYV2.shtml (5972 words)

	Terme (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		A type of delta modulation in which the size of the steps of the approximated signal is progressively increased or decreased as required to make the approximated signal closely match the input analog wave.
		A technique used to convert a voice signal into a continuous binary stream.
		A method by which a voice signal is digitized for transmission, and then changed back to an analogue voice signal for reception.
	doc-telecom.enst-bretagne.fr /doc-telecom/terme.jsp?4008 (85 words)

	DDVPC - CVSD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Continuously Variable Slope Delta-modulation (CVSD) algorithm attempts to reconstruct the exact waveform at the receiver that was input to the transmitter; thus it is classified as a waveform coder.
		The digital output from the transmitter is 1 bit per input sample upsampled to 16Kbps.
		The transmitted bit stream is used to indicate the slope of the input waveform.
	maya.arcon.com /ddvpc/cvsd.htm (230 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		This paper describes a new practical implementation of a first order continuously variable slope sigma-delta ADC with operational transconductance amplifiers in the feedback path.
		One of the oddities of linear sigma-delta modulator is that their digital outputs are sometimes unpredictable [6].
		The compandor as it is shown on fig.4 is modifying the integrator’s input in accordance of the digital structure L(t) in modulator’s output.
	faxe.jinr.ru /nec2001/html/text_t/tokmak.doc (1978 words)

	Ergo Electronoics Pvt. Ltd.
		Multi channel real time conversion of speech signal, Transcoding of PCM at 64 kb/s and ADM (CVSD - Continuously Variable Slope Delta modulation) at both 32 kb/s as well as 16 kb/s was carried out.
		Our constant endeavor is to remain at the forefront of frontier technologies by continuously updating our knowledge and expertise in areas and products dictated by market and technology trends.
		Gleaning Scientific, conference and trade journals, participating in technology conferences, analyzing trends in technology meetings and browsing related sites on the web are activities by which we arrive at our focus for our knowledge base development.
	www.indiansources.com /ergo.htm (898 words)

	Duty cycle Information - multivibrator variable duty cycle
		Duty cycle Information - multivibrator variable duty cycle
		In 555 duty cycle telecommunication, iff duty optimal fes duty cycle cycle 50% duty cycle 555 timer e3 e5 duty cycle duty cycle correction multivibrator variable duty square wave with a 50% duty cycle cycle the term duty cycle has the hall effect duty cycle bpm following meanings:
		The equation of sinewave from duty cycle ratio of (a) the sum of all pulse durations during a specified period of continuous operation to (b) the total specified period of operation.
	www.inanot.com /Ina-Electronics_Topics_D-/Duty_cycle.html (283 words)

	Ventus Networks: Glossary
		An instruction in a program that calls another section of code, which once executed, resume at the calling point in the program.
		Translate and carry the analogic signaling the signaling bytes.
		A device that typically uses pulse code modulation to transform analog voice into a digital bit stream and vice versa.
	www.ventusnetworks.com /glossary/c.html (1167 words)

	DRS Technologies Inc. - TA-1035/U Digital Non-Secure Voice Terminal
		Once a call is established, the TA-1035(A)/U can alternate between voice and data modes.
		For voice communications, the DNVT uses continuously variable slope delta modulation encoding/decoding at 16 or 32 kbps.
		Extension network analog data interface is provided via the data port.
	www.drs.com /products/index.cfm?gID=18&productID=221 (263 words)

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