Contra (guerrillas)

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Topic: Contra (guerrillas)

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In the News (Sat 26 Jul 08)

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	contra-guerrilla.txt
		The Operations Of The Turkish Contra-Guerrillas The bloody work of the Special Warfare Department is so wide- ranging that we can not go into everything here.
		We will, therefore, go straight over to Kurdistan, where the contra- guerrillas are employed in the front line against the national liberation struggle.
		The underground elements of the Special Warfare Department - that is, the elements which carry out actions - are called contra- guerrillas.
	www.etext.org /Politics/Arm.The.Spirit/Kurdistan/Articles/contra-guerrilla.txt (3278 words)

	Iran Contra Pardon Cast
		Clarridge is also suspected of diverting to the Contras weapons originally intended for the Afghan mujahadeen guerrillas.
		Fiers told prosecutors that he and three CIA colleagues knew by mid-1986 that profits from the arms sales to Iran were being diverted to the Contras months before it became public knowledge.
		Working for North, Abrams coordinated inter-agency support for the contras and helped solicit illegal contra funding from foreign powers as well as domestic contributors.
	www.serve.com /duane2/BUSH.HTM (790 words)

	iranmain
		The profits from the $30 million in arms sales were channeled to the Nicaraguan right-wing "Contra" guerrillas to supply arms for use against the leftist Sandinista government.
		This photograph shows a meeting of Ronald Reagan and the Contra leaders (from left to right) Alfonso Rebelo, Arturo Cruz and Adolfo Calero; Oliver North (right in the background) was cropped out in the official photograph.
		The iran-contra affair was an american political scandal of 1985 and 1986, in which high-ranking members in the administration of President Ronald Reagan arranged for the secret sales of arms to Iran in direct violation of existing United States laws.
	www.englisch.schule.de /state_of_the_union/group7/project/iranmain.htm (317 words)

	NPR : Former Contras Seek Compensation from U.S.
		All Things Considered, October 26, 2003 · Former members of the Contra guerrillas who fought Nicaragua's Sandinista government in the 1980s are demanding back pay for their efforts from the U.S. government.
		Former Contras Seek Compensation from U.S. by Steve Inskeep
		The CIA helped organize and train the Contras.
	www.npr.org /templates/story/story.php?storyId=1479853 (155 words)

	Iran-Contra Affair - MSN Encarta
		Profits from the $30 million in arms sales were channeled to the Nicaraguan right-wing “contra” guerrillas to supply arms for use against the leftist Sandinista government.
		Iran-Contra Affair, American political scandal of 1985 and 1986, in which high-ranking members in the administration of President Ronald Reagan arranged for the secret sales of arms to Iran in direct violation of existing United States laws.
		The sale of arms to Iran was initiated at the suggestion of the Israeli government with the dual goal of bettering relations with Iran and of obtaining the release of American hostages held in Lebanon by pro-Iranian terrorists.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761573296/Iran-Contra_Affair.html (524 words)

	WashingtonPost.com: Hostile Witnesses
		Later, Justice Department lawyers found evidence that proceeds from the arms sales had been diverted to illegally fund the contra anticommunist guerrillas in Nicaragua in circumvention of the Boland Amendment banning U.S. aid to the rebels.
		The Iran-contra scandal burst upon the scene in November 1986 when it was first reported in a Lebanese newspaper that President Ronald Reagan had approved the sale of missiles to Iran in exchange for American hostages in Lebanon.
		Among the topics were the missile sales to Iran and the secret support of the contras.
	www.washingtonpost.com /wp-srv/national/longterm/irancontra/contra1.htm (1220 words)

	Iran-Contra Affair - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Iran-Contra Affair
		Congressional hearings 1986–87 revealed that the US government had secretly sold weapons to Iran in 1985 and traded them for hostages held in Lebanon by pro-Iranian militias, and used the profits to supply right-wing Contra guerrillas in Nicaragua with arms.
		North and his associates were also channelling donations to the Contras from individuals and from other countries, including $2 million from Taiwan, $10 million from the sultan of Brunei, and $32 million from Saudi Arabia.
		The attempt to get around the law (Boland amendment) specifically prohibiting military assistance to the Contras also broke other laws in the process.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Iran-Contra+Affair (386 words)

	Significant Terrorist Incidents 1961-2003: A Brief Chronology
		AID Worker Abduction, May 31, 1996: A gang of former Contra guerrillas kidnapped a U.S. employee of the Agency for International Development (AID) who was assisting with election preparations in rural northern Nicaragua.
		Philippine troops fought a series of battles with the guerrillas between June 1 and June 3 during which 9 hostages escaped and two were found dead.
		The guerrillas took additional hostages when they seized the hospital in the town of Lamitan.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ho/pubs/fs/5902.htm (10878 words)

	The World Factbook 2004 -- Field Listing - Background
		During the 1980s, Honduras proved a haven for anti-Sandinista contras fighting the Marxist Nicaraguan Government and an ally to Salvadoran Government forces fighting against leftist guerrillas.
		Nicaraguan aid to leftist rebels in El Salvador caused the US to sponsor anti-Sandinista contra guerrillas through much of the 1980s.
		Violent opposition to governmental manipulation and corruption spread to all classes by 1978 and resulted in a short-lived civil war that brought the Marxist Sandinista guerrillas to power in 1979.
	www.brainyatlas.com /fields/2028.html (15472 words)

	Ronald Reagan: Biography and Much More From Answers.com
		The last years of Reagan's presidency were disrupted by the Iran-contra affair, which broke in late 1986 and involved the White House's complicity in the illegal diversion of profits from arms-for-hostage deals with Iran to the U.S.-supported contra guerrillas fighting the Sandinista government in Nicaragua.
		For events during Reagan's administration, see Cold War; Gramm-Rudman Act; Iran-Contra Affair; Middle East-U.S. Relations; National Debt.
		In 1994, Reagan disclosed that he had Alzheimer's disease in hope of increasing public awareness of the illness; he died of complications from the disease a decade later.
	203.192.6.76 /gate/big5/www.answers.com/topic/ronald-reagan (8355 words)

	Oliver North
		For many conservative Americans, Oliver North's covert involvement in the selling of arms to Iran to support anti-Communist guerrillas in Nicaragua was a heroic act in support of democracy.
		Accused of violating international law and the U.S. Constitution, North was convicted in 1989 of three federal crimes: aiding in the obstruction of Congress, accepting illegal gratuities and destroying documents related to arms sales to Iran to finance the contra war.
		North testified before Congress in the Iran-Contra hearing on July 8, 1987.
	www.heroism.org /class/1980/north.htm (375 words)

	Bagley DRUG TRAFFICKING, POLITICAL VIOLENCE
		Under constant seige from Carlos Castano and his AUC paramilitary forces, especially in southern Bolivar, in 1998 the ERP guerrillas, with the backing of Frente 37 of the FARC, sought refuge in the remote Montes de Maria region in central Bolivar Department along the Sucre border.
		21 For analyses of the problems of institutional corruption in Colombia see Fernando Cepeda Ulloa, "Seguimiento y evolucion de la lucha contra la corrupcion," in Beatriz Franco-Cuervo, compilador, La corrupcion y la lucha contra la corrupcion.
		Its principal base of operations was located in northern Colombia in the border areas of the Departments of Antioquia, Sucre and Bolivar.
	www.mamacoca.org /junio2001/bagley_drugs_and_violence_en.htm (14464 words)

	Nicaragua, Map and Flag
		Nicaraguan aid to leftist rebels in El Salvador caused the US to sponsor anti-Sandinista contra guerrillas through much of the 1980s.
		Violent opposition to governmental manipulation and corruption spread to all classes by 1978 and resulted in a short-lived civil war that brought the Marxist Sandinista guerrillas to power in 1979.
		Free elections in 1990, 1996, and again in 2001 saw the Sandinistas defeated.
	www.greatestcities.com /Central_America/Nicaragua.html (14464 words)

	Nicaragua, Map and Flag
		Nicaraguan aid to leftist rebels in El Salvador caused the US to sponsor anti-Sandinista contra guerrillas through much of the 1980s.
		Violent opposition to governmental manipulation and corruption spread to all classes by 1978 and resulted in a short-lived civil war that brought the Marxist Sandinista guerrillas to power in 1979.
		The country has slowly rebuilt its economy during the 1990s, but was hard hit by Hurricane Mitch in 1998.
	www.greatestcities.com /Central_America/Nicaragua.html (14464 words)

	¿ EL REGRESO DE LA MEMORIA HISTORICA
		En segundo lugar, las guerrillas de los años sesenta son una respuesta a la postergada reforma agraria, al desencanto con la coalición Apra-Uno, a la frustración del populismo liberal de Belaunde, a la acumulación de inequidades tras los problemas del desarrollismo y su industrialización dependiente.
		Esta contradicción se vuelve a reproducir en la historia del APRA de manera persistente.
		De la Puente fue un opositor de la convivencia con el Pradismo a partir de 1956, e impulsor de una corriente crítica contra Ramiro Prialé que dirigía al partido en esa época.
	balcon1.tripod.com /eduardo20nov-01.htm (14464 words)

	The Observer International Venezuela coup linked to Bush team
		North was convicted and shamed for his role in Iran-Contra, whereby arms bought by busting US sanctions on Iran were sold to the Contra guerrillas and death squads, in revolt against the Marxist government in Nicaragua.
		Reich is said by OAS sources to have had 'a number of meetings with Carmona and other leaders of the coup' over several months.
		Reich is a right-wing Cuban-American who, under Reagan, ran the Office for Public Diplomacy.
	observer.guardian.co.uk /international/story/0,6903,688071,00.html (14464 words)

	In Central America, Reagan Remains A Polarizing Figure (washingtonpost.com)
		Nicaraguan troops mobilize during a clash with U.S.-backed contra guerrillas.
		But Adolfo Calero, a former contra leader who attended a special Mass for Reagan in the Managua cathedral on Tuesday, heralded the U.S. president's legacy.
		Without him, we probably would have been another Cuba," said Calero, former head of the Nicaraguan Democratic Force, which battled the Sandinista government.
	www.washingtonpost.com /wp-dyn/articles/A29546-2004Jun9.html (14464 words)

	Nicaragua - MaxTravelz
		Nicaraguan aid to leftist rebels in El Salvador caused the US to sponsor anti-Sandinista contra guerrillas through much of the 1980s.
		Violent opposition to governmental manipulation and corruption spread to all classes by 1978 and resulted in a short-lived civil war that brought the Marxist Sandinista guerrillas to power in 1979.
		The majority of NIcaraguan cities are quite safe to walk in at night (not Managau) but as with anywhere it is better to stay in groups or take taxis from one destination to another.
	www.maxtravelz.com /nicaragua.htm (1346 words)

	Timothy Charles Brown
		Brown is the author of Causes of Continuing Conflict in Nicaragua (Hoover Institution Press, 1995), When the AK-47s Fall Silent—Revolutionaries, Guerrillas, and the Dangers of Peace (Hoover Institution Press, 2000), and The Real Contra War—Highlander Peasant Resistance in Nicaragua (University of Oklahoma Press, 2001).
		During a 1965 to 1992 diplomatic career, he served as senior liaison to the Nicaraguan Democratic Resistance (the Contras) in Central America from 1987 to 1990 and to the United Nations Cease Fire Observation Force there from 1989 to 1990.
		Brown's writings focus on terrorism, revolutions and guerrilla wars and peace processes, Latin America, ethnic conflicts, national security, and international trade, especially between the United States and Latin America.
	www-hoover.stanford.edu /BIOS/brown.html (1346 words)

	[SOAinthenews] Argentine ex-dictator dead
		Galtieri, a 1949 graduate of the US School of the Americas, infamous for its many alumni linked to human-rights violations, believed Washington was in his debt for his role in training "contra" guerrillas to fight the leftist Nicaraguan Sandinista regime.
		Galtieri died in the Central Military Hospital where he was being treated for pancreatic cancer and vascular complications, said Lieutenant Colonel Alicia Amato, a hospital official.
		Then in July 2002 Galtieri was arrested and placed under house arrest on charges related to the abductions and presumed killings of 19 leftist members of the Montoneros movement when he was a regional commander during the dictatorship years.
	lists.mutualaid.org /pipermail/soainthenews/2003/000146.html (614 words)

	Francisco de Toledo
		Cansados de los abusos a que eran sometidos, y pensando que era posible sacudirse el yugo de la dominación española, los incas se sublevaron contra la autoridad colonial e instalaron su capital en Vilcabamba, desde donde, practicando una guerra de guerrillas, acosaron durante unos años a las tropas virreinales.
		Mita, sistema de trabajo por turnos, que durante la época incaica se llevaba a cabo en beneficio de las autoridades incas y durante el periodo colonial se hacía en beneficio del virreinato del Perú.
		El inca, por su autoridad, tenía derecho a pedir mano de obra a los ayllus y disponer de ella en las labores que se consideraran convenientes, a cambio devolvía estos servicios con fiestas y bienes que repartía en determinadas ocasiones.
	html.rincondelvago.com /francisco-de-toledo.html (614 words)

	Plutarco Elias Calles / Biografias / Kokone
		En 1929, Calles funda el Partido Nacional Revolucionario, con el propósito de unir a los caudillos revolucionarios para dar fin a las guerrillas frecuentes y levantamientos conocidos como cuartelazos, y establecer un orden civil superior.
		Con el asesinato de Madero, Plutarco Elías se incorpora a la lucha y se levanta contra Pascual Orozco y Victoriano Huerta, con las fuerzas de Alvaro Obregón.
		Calles es considerado como uno de los mas grandes estadistas de nuestro tiempo, a los años que siguen después de su gobierno se les conoce como el Maximato (porque se le llamaba Jefe Máximo de la Revolución), pues gobernó tras bambalinas durante varios períodos presidenciales.
	www.kokone.com.mx /tareas/biografias/plutarcoelias.html (614 words)

	The Black Commentator - Is the US Funding Haitian "Contras"? - Issue 36
		In a June 8, 2001 piece Cohen wrote, "By covertly disseminating intelligence leaks to journalists, Reich and the OPD sought to trump up a Nicaraguan 'threat,' and to sanctify the U.S.-backed Contra guerrillas fighting Nicaragua's government as 'freedom fighters.' The propaganda was aimed at influencing Congress to continue to fund the Contras."
		Murdock said the men held him and others at gunpoint, lecturing them on how they would overthrow Aristide." Several policemen in Haiti's police force have recently referred to the current situation in the area as "the beginning of civil war in Haiti." And now Otto Reich was in Haiti.
		Jeff Cohen is the founder of FAIR, a media watch group based in New York - and a panelist on "News Watch" on the Fox News Channel who wrote about Reich's return to power in the Bush administration and his past shenanigans in the Office of Public Diplomacy or OPD.
	www.blackcommentator.com /36/36_guest_commentator.html (3275 words)

	pandemonium00665.html
		El desgaste de los militares patrióticos a través de un gobierno ineficiente, nepotista y corrupto, de Lucio Gutiérrez, abriría, a su vez, las puertas a la neutralización de la corriente democrática nacionalista en las Fuerzas Armadas y la posibilidad de involucrarlas activamente en la guerra contra las guerrillas colombianas, dentro del Plan Colombia.
		El primer levantamiento indígena-popular-militar del ano 2000, estaba programado para el lunes 15 de enero, precedido por una proclama televisiva de los mandos medios el domingo 14.
		Cuando una pareja, que era el enlace con los movimientos sociales, logró entrar en la cárcel para informarle a Gutiérrez que todo estaba preparado y que diera la orden para iniciar la operación, el coronel 'perdió' oportunamente la comunicación y el nuevo levantamiento se frustró.
	www.franz-lee.org /files/pandemonium00665.html (3275 words)

	CIA Misled Congress About
		Honduras was seen by the Reagan and Bush administrations as an indispensable ally in the contra War against Sandinista-led Nicaragua.
		During Honduras' "dirty war" in the 1980s hundreds of opponents of the government and suspected guerrillas were executed by that country's military.
		A recently declassified report reveals that the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) misled Congress concerning human rights abuses by the Honduran military.
	www.icomm.ca /carecen/page33.html (3275 words)

	La Guerra de los 10 Años
		Batista lanza una extensa ofensiva contra las guerrillas en las montañas de la Sierra Maestra.
		La popular revista semanal, "Bohemia, lleva a cabo una encuesta de la opinión pública que muestra a Batista (quién se está corriendo para presidente) en un distante tercer lugar.
		Después de elegirse a un segundo término, el Presidente Tomás Estrada Palma invoca la enmienda Platt y pide a los E.E.U.U. que intervengan.
	www.juanperez.com /historia/1906.html (3275 words)

	ZNet Colombia US Military Doctrine and Colombia's War of Terror
		During the US backed Contra insurgency in Nicaragua in the 1980s, the CIA distributed an updated version of its 1963 KUBARK Counterintelligence Interrogation manual.
		The School of the Americas, the US's pre-eminent Latin American military academy, used training materials which the US's Intelligence Oversight Board (IOB) argued "used instructional materials to train Latin American officers, [between] 1982-1991, that appeared to condone practices such as executions of guerrillas, extortion, physical abuse, coercion, and false imprisonment".
		The manual was renamed the Human Resource Exploitation Training Manual and included extensive guidelines on the most effective means of torture including the use of drugs, sleep deprivation, physical violence, and solitary confinement.
	www.zmag.org /content/showarticle.cfm?SectionID=9&ItemID=2384 (1344 words)

	CCSU Masters Thesis Abstract: Honduras and the Contras: effects of the 1980's U.S.-sponsored Contra War on the Central American Republic of Honduras
		Operating out of Honduran base camps, these contra guerrillas abruptly transformed a sovereign nation into "occupied territory." During the 1980's, U.S. policy in Central America sparked heated congressional debate at home which eventually led to the exposure of the Iran-Contra scandal.
		To analyze the specific effects or Reagan's contra agenda on the Republic of Honduras, it is essential to explore both costs and benefits.
		CCSU Masters Thesis Abstract: Honduras and the Contras: effects of the 1980's U.S.-sponsored Contra War on the Central American Republic of Honduras
	library.ccsu.edu /ccsu_theses/1507.html (303 words)

	The U.S. Republic�s Role in Sponsoring International Terrorism
		While pointing fingers at foreign "rogue states," the U.S. sold them arms, which was the essence of the entire "Iran-Contra" scandal (aside from the embezzlement of public monies, when U.S. arms were sold to Iran, and the proceeds were not handed over to the public treasury).
		"Later," writes Cooley, "he became the leader, trainer and inspiration to the terrorists and guerrillas of the Afghan international." Yet incredibly, he was the principal beneficiary of CIA-delivered weapons.
		Cooley's important and timely book examines "a strange love-affair that went disastrously wrong," the alliance between America and "some of the most conservative and fanatical followers of Islam." To my knowledge, it is the first on this theme.
	www.worldfreeinternet.net /news/nws193.htm (303 words)

	Frente Nacional de LiberaciÃ³n
		Apoyado por el ejÃ©rcito norvietnamita y abastecido a travÃ©s de la ruta Ho Chi Minh, logrÃ³ manteneruna guerra de guerrillas durante mÃ¡s deuna dÃ©cada.
		Los combates se habÃan iniciado dos aÃ±osantes para luchar contra la severa represiÃ³n de la dictadura a todos sus oponentes.
		Con el apoyo de Vietnam del Norte, en 1962 la organizaciÃ³n controlaba gran parte de la zona rural de Vietnam del Sur, lo que provocÃ³ lamasiva intervenciÃ³n norteamericana, que desembocarÃa en la guerra deVietnam.
	spanish.therfcc.org /won-548518.html (303 words)

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In the News (Sat 26 Jul 08)