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Topic: Contract bridge

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	Bridge: rules and variations of the card game
		Contract Bridge was invented in the 1920's and in the following decades it was popularised especially in the USA by Ely Culbertson.
		Contract Bridge developed from Auction Bridge, which is different mainly in the scoring.
		In rubber bridge, although the better players have a noticable edge and will undoubtedly win in the long run, the outcome of a single rubber depends heavily on which side is dealt the better cards.
	www.pagat.com /boston/bridge.html (9796 words)

	Bridge (game) - MSN Encarta
		Bridge whist, the original variation, was introduced in England late in the 19th century.
		In auction bridge the players bid against one another for the right to declare the trump suit; each bid is an undertaking to win the specified number of tricks, and the winner of the auction is penalized if he or she does not make the bid.
		Contract bridge was developed about 1925, and by 1930 had almost completely replaced auction bridge.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761561056/Bridge_(game).html (1079 words)

	Contract bridge - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Contract bridge, usually known simply as bridge, is a trick-taking card game of skill for four players, usually sitting around a table, who form two partnerships, or "sides".
		In duplicate bridge, the hands are shuffled only once, at the beginning of the tournament, and dealt clockwise one at a time (there are also special machines for pre-dealing on large tournaments), and placed into bridge boards.
		In 1925 when contract bridge first evolved, bridge tournaments were becoming popular, but the rules were somewhat in flux, and several different organizing bodies were involved in tournament sponsorship: the American Bridge League (formerly the American Auction Bridge League, which changed its name in 1929), the American Whist League, and the United States Bridge Federation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Contract_bridge (4675 words)

	Contract bridge glossary - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The contract consists of two components: the level, stating the number of tricks to be taken (plus the book tricks), and the denomination, denoting the trump suit (or its absence).
		The person who plays the hand in the partnership that wins the contract; by the rules, the declarer is the first player in the partnership who had called the final denomination in the bidding stage.
		In the play, the declarer tries to take at least as many tricks as his or her side promised by the level of the contract, while defenders try to prevent this (that is, to set the contract) or failing that, to limit the number of overtricks the declarer takes.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Contract_bridge_glossary (4622 words)

	1938: Contract Bridge - Archive Article - MSN Encarta
		Contract bridge enjoyed its greatest popularity in the year 1938 due to increased standardization of bidding methods.
		During this tournament and bridge congress, it was voted to hold the 1939 tournament of the International League in New York, to coincide with the World's Fair.
		No important changes in the laws or methods of contract bridge are expected during the year 1939, but the accumulation of minor improvements and the increasing tendency toward simplification will probably result in modification and improvement of methods and rules during 1940.
	encarta.msn.com /sidebar_461500211/1938_Contract_Bridge.html (999 words)

	Contract bridge - Medbib.com, the modern encyclopedia
		Contract bridge, usually known simply as bridge, is a trick-taking card game of skill and chance (the relative proportions depend on the variant played).
		Bridge is a game of skill played with randomly dealt cards, which makes it also a game of chance, or more exactly, a tactical game with inbuilt randomness, imperfect knowledge and restricted communication.
		Duplicate bridge is a mind sport, and its popularity gradually became comparable to that of chess, which it is often compared with for its complexity and mental skills required for high-level competition.
	www.medbib.com /Contract_bridge (6995 words)

	Contract bridge: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In contract bridge, the stayman convention is a convention used to find a four-four trump fit in a major suit after someone opens the bidding with a bid of 1 no...
		In contract bridge the convention of jacoby transfers is used to describe various types of hands after partner opened 1 no trump, complementary to the stayman...
		In the card game of contract bridge, when declarer is playing a hand in dummy reversal fashion, she uses trump cards to ruff (cards)ruff in her hand and...
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/c/co/contract_bridge.htm (5809 words)

	Beginners' Bridge Glossary
		A first-round control is an ace (or a void, for trump contracts); a second-round control is a king or singleton.
		At rubber bridge, no score is recorded, and the hand is redealt.
		At duplicate bridge, the hand is scored as 0 for each side, but not redealt.
	www.prairienet.org /bridge/glos.htm (0 words)

	Contract Bridge
		If the side who wins the auction then takes the contracted number of tricks (or more), it is said to have fulfilled the contract and is awarded points; otherwise, the contract is said to be defeated and points are awarded to their opponents.
		In rubber bridge (or other "friendly" games), the cards are shuffled and the dealer distributes all the cards clockwise one at a time, starting with his left-hand opponent and ending with himself, so each player receives a hand of thirteen cards.
		In duplicate bridge, the hands are shuffled only once, at the beginning of the tournament, and dealt clockwise one at a time (there are also special machines for pre-dealing on large tournaments), and placed into bridge boards.
	www.bridge.freegames.eu.com /Contract_bridge.html (4539 words)

	Contract bridge at AllExperts
		Contract bridge, usually known simply as bridge, is a trick-taking card game of skill, and partly of chance, for four players, who form two partnerships (sides).
		In duplicate bridge, the hands are shuffled only once, at the beginning of the tournament, and dealt clockwise one at a time (there are also special machines for pre-dealing on large tournaments), and placed into bridge boards.
		Duplicate bridge is a mind sport, and its popularity gradually became comparable to that of chess, which it is often compared with for its complexity and mental skills required for high-level competition.
	en.allexperts.com /e/c/co/contract_bridge.htm (5021 words)

	Bridge Rules (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Bridge currently occupies a position of great prestige, and is more comprehensively organised than any other card game.
		Contract Bridge developed from Auction Bridge, which is different mainly in the scoring.
		Complicated agreements are more often encountered in duplicate bridge, where the players are often long standing partners who have devoted considerable effort to agreeing their system.
	cardgamerules.homestead.com /Bridge_Rules.html (2988 words)

	Bridge: rules and variations of the card game
		Contract Bridge was invented in the 1920's and in the following decades it was popularised especially in the USA by Ely Culbertson.
		For example, if I double a suit contract, either opponent may, at their turn, ask my partner what the double means, and my partner must answer according to any agreement we may have about the meaning of the double - for example that it is for takeout or for penalties.
		In rubber bridge, although the better players have a noticable edge and will undoubtedly win in the long run, the outcome of a single rubber depends heavily on which side is dealt the better cards.
	www.netlink.co.uk /users/pagat/boston/bridge.html (9765 words)

	USPC - Card Game Rules
		A fascinating feature of Contract Bridge is that it is enjoyed equally by casual players, who do not want to take any game too seriously, and by scientific players who wish to study and master the intricacies of complex bidding techniques and card-play strategies.
		Even though the opening bidder bids a three-card suit, the contract will rarely be passed out at this low level, and if it is, it is probable that the opponents could have bid and made a higher contract of their own.
		Contract Bridge scoring may be used, but most players use special scoring in which down three, vulnerable, and doubled counts 1,000 (called a Towie).
	www.usplayingcard.com /gamerules/bridgeandwhistgames.html (13795 words)

	United States Bridge Federation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Bridge can trace its ancestry at least to the early 16th century in England (first reference 1529 in a published sermon by Bishop Latimer) and through succeeding centuries when prototype forms of whist were played under such names as triumph, trump, ruff, slam, ruff and honours, whisk and swabbers, whisk, and whist.
		In the early Twenties, two booklets entitled Contract Bridge were published, and an unsuccessful application was made to the Knickerbocker Club to prepare a code of contract rules.
		The only major innovation in contract bridge during its first 40 years of existence was the development of CHICAGO, the four-deal game that displaced traditional rubber bridge in many clubs during the early Sixties.
	www.usbf.org /history.html (2537 words)

	11.08.00 - Contract bridge enhances the immune system, according to a preliminary study by researchers at UC Berkeley
		Diamond chose to study bridge players from an Orinda, Calif., women's bridge club because bridge is a game likely to stimulate an area of the brain - the dorsolateral cortex - that she suspected influences the immune system.
		While that task, the so-called Wisconsin Card Sorting Task, is suitable for psychiatric tests, she decided that contract bridge would be a perfect substitute to use with normal subjects.
		"Contract bridge was ideal for what we were after," she said.
	www.berkeley.edu /news/media/releases/2000/11/08_bridge.html (1014 words)

	Homepage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The teaching of bridge around the county is encouraged.
		Please note that the County News page in English Bridge is to be reduced considerably in size, and the entry which has been sent for inclusion in the August edition will be cut by the editor.
		It is proposed that only the winners of County events (not 2nd and 3rd as at present) are to be quoted and only those in very highly placed positions in National events.
	www.essexbridge.co.uk (0 words)

	JAZCLASS - Contract Bridge Lessons : Learn to play Duplicate Contract Bridge for Beginners
		Duplicate bridge has elevated contract bridge from an enjoyable 'gentleman's game' to a full blown and very exciting sport with large numbers of players participating in competitions and tournaments at local, Regional, National and International levels around the globe.
		A Contract Bridge Course on CD-ROM (in preparation) will include a comprehensive range of bids and conventions to progress to a competent level of bidding and play.
		The enormous quantity of Contract Bridge literature available can be rather daunting to the novice bridge player.
	www.jazclass.aust.com /bridge/br0.htm (1667 words)

	USATODAY.com - Billionaires bank on bridge to trump poker (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		That's contract bridge, the four-player card game whose popularity peaked a half-century ago and is now played largely by senior citizens, country clubbers, Microsoft founder Bill Gates and investor Warren Buffett.
		"Bridge is a game where you can keep improving and feel great about it without ever hitting the limit of what can be done," he said in an e-mail.
		What bridge has over chess and poker is that it requires players to learn to work with someone else, Buffett says.
	www.usatoday.com /news/education/2005-12-19-bridge-schools_x.htm (811 words)

	Contract Bridge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Also the bonus for making a redoubled contract was 50, not 100, and the bonus for a part score in an uncompleted rubber was 50, not 100.
		Complicated agreements are more often encountered in duplicate bridge, where the players are often long standing partners who have devoted considerable effort to agreeing their system.
		Because duplicate bridge depends on comparing the results on individual boards, it is necessary that each group of players who play a board should start from the same position.
	www.rulescentral.com /card_games/contract_bridge/search/bridge.html (5814 words)

	Contract Bridge [encyclopedia]
		Contract bridge, more usually known as Bridge, is a trick-taking card game for four players who form two teams.
		He wrote down his rules for contract bridge in 1925, and it became the dominant form of the game within a few years.
		It has supplanted all other forms of the game, including "auction bridge", so that "bridge" is now synonymous with "contract bridge".
	eluzions.com /Games/Card/Contract_Bridge (707 words)

	contract bridge - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about contract bridge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		It is based on auction bridge, but used a different scoring system.
		The game originated in 1925 on a steamer en route from Los Angeles to Havana, and was introduced by Harold Stirling Vanderbilt, one of the players.
		This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /contract+bridge (116 words)

	Al Levy's Bridge Page for beginners
		Bridge is the world's greatest card game, played by over 40 million people worldwide.
		Nearly a million play contract bridge at their local bridge clubs.
		Bridge has elements of logic, discipline, mathematics and ethics.
	www.ny-bridge.com /allevy/beginners.html (192 words)

	Bridge - MSN Games - Free Online Games
		Bridge is an easy game to learn but difficult to master.
		If you're new to Bridge, you can join experienced players right here who are eager to teach.
		With a little practice, you'll soon discover why Bridge is still one of the most popular card games around.
	zone.msn.com /bridge (147 words)

	The Bridge World
		This glossary includes definitions of both technical terms and "bridge slang"; the latter is designated as such.
		in tournament bridge, a score artificially assigned to adjust for an irregular occurrence.
		(during a session of duplicate bridge) a revising of the locations of the geographical compass points marking the players' designations.
	www.bridgeworld.com /default.asp?d=bridge_glossary&f=glossa.html (970 words)

	Nottinghamshire Contract Bridge Association
		Its objectives are to promote and further bridge in Nottinghamshire, to organise competitions and to arrange matches with other counties.
		All County competitions are held at Nottingham Bridge Club, 401 Mansfield Road, Sherwood, Nottingham, Tel 0115 9607992 unless stated otherwise.
		Bridge Drives for NCBA members are held on Wednesdays at 7.00pm.
	www.nottsbridge.org.uk (0 words)

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