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Topic: Contrapuntal

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	CONTRAPUNTAL FORMS - LoveToKnow Article on CONTRAPUNTAL FORMS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		It is so easy to write a good piece of free and fairly contrapuntal harmony in three or more parts, and so arrange it thatit remains correct when the parts are brought in one by one, that very few composers seem to have realized that any further artistic device was possible within such limits.
		Nevertheless, the prominence given to the device in technical treatises, and the fact that this is the one illustration which hardly any of them cite, show too clearly the way in which music is treated not only as a dead language but as if it had never been alive.
		With the appearance of new words in the text, the ithcentury composer naturally took up a new theme without troubling to design it for contrapuntal combination with the opening; and the form resulting from this treatment of words was faithfully reproduced in the instrumental ricercari of the time.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /C/CO/CONTRAPUNTAL_FORMS.htm (4215 words)

	Lesson 3 for "Form & Analysis"
		Contrapuntal Inversion happens when two melodies exchange registers--the high voice moving to the low and the low moving to the high.
		The reason: contrapuntal inversions at the 8va are easier to write--inverted dissonants stay dissonant and inverted consonants stay consonant.
		The interval of contrapuntal inversion is therefore a 10th (1+10=11, 11-1=10).
	jan.ucc.nau.edu /~tas3/mus303/contrinv.html (1283 words)

	Counterpoint (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Counterpoint is one of the most essential means, in musical composition, for the generation of musical ironies; a melodic fragment, heard alone, may make a particular impression, but when heard simultaneously with other melodic ideas, or combined in unexpected ways with itself, as in canon or fugue, surprising new facets of meaning are revealed.
		The fantasia, the ricercar, and later, the fugue (the contrapuntal form par excellence) all feature imitative counterpoint, which also frequently appears in choral works such as motets and madrigals.
		When applied to counterpoint, a contrapuntal inversion of two melodies simultaneously being played by two voices is the switching of the melodies between voices, so that the upper-voice melody is now played in the lower voice, and vice versa
	www.bidprobe.com /en/wikipedia/c/co/counterpoint.html (897 words)

	Contrapuntal Reading (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Specifically, contrapuntal analysis, developed by Edward W. Said, is used in interpreting colonial texts, considering the perspectives of both the colonizer and the colonized.
		Contrapuntal reading means reading a text "with an understanding of what is involved when an author shows, for instance, that a colonial sugar plantation is seen as important to the process of maintaining a particular style of life in England" (Said 66).
		Contrapuntal reading takes in both accounts of an issue; it addresses both the perspective of imperialism and the resistance to it.
	academics.hamilton.edu /english/ggane/contrapuntal.html (373 words)

	COUNTERPOINT FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		It was elaborated extensively in the Renaissance period, but composers of the Baroque period brought counterpoint to a kind of culmination, and it may be said that, broadly speaking, harmony then took over as the predominant organising principle in musical composition.
		This is not true; although much contrapuntal music of the common_practice_period indeed adheres to the rules, there are exceptions.
		Works in the contrapuntal style of the 16th century—the "prima pratica" or "stile antico," it was called by modernist composers then—were often said by Fux's contemporaries to be in "Palestrina style." Indeed, Fux's treatise is a rather accurate compendeum of Palestrina's techniques.
	www.whereintheworldisbush.com /counterpoint (1951 words)

	[No title]
		By contrapuntal descent, I mean pieces like the Obrecht and Willaert examples (see DF) and the Greiter where even with constant frequency the "F" at the end is, by purely contrapuntal spiralling, one or more semitones lower than the "F" at the beginning.
		Rather the converse: contrapuntal decisions, once made, can be expressed in terms of solmization, the nearest they had to a precise language in which to conceptualise and name sounds.
		The contrapuntal arguments are not affected by precisely what tuning system they are realized in, but can be made on their own track.) The urgent question remains: if Judd's view that "modal fidelity" poses no constraints on ficta prevails over Wibberley's view that it does, i.e.
	www.societymusictheory.org /mto/issues/mto.96.2.6/mto.96.2.6.bent.tlk (6360 words)

	The Counterpoint Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		One example of this double-sided aspect of "progress" in contrapuntal theory is the introduction of the rhythmic modes by Pérotin in the XIII C. Whereas a more precise rhythmic definition made possible the incorporation of more voices to the texture, it also "quantized" musical composition and performance to strict values related to a basic tactus.
		Below a glossary of the main contrapuntal terms is included, together with a list containing the titles and authors of just a few of the many treatises on counterpoint, in approximate chronological order.
		It groups the kinds of contrapuntal exercises in five kinds, according to the rhythmic prototypes to be used, forcing melodic creativity and intervallic control within the given rhythmic frame.
	contrapunctus.com /home.htm (1896 words)

	The Relationship Between Contrapuntal and Serial Composition Techniques as Seen in Webern and Stravinsky (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		In contrapuntal music, then, the concentration of the composer's musical content is almost exclusively linear, and recognition of melodic ideas should be the primary concern of the listener.
		During the Renaissance, the contrapuntal exposition using a head motive could be found in the genres of vocal motets and madrigals and instrumental canzonas and ricercars.
		Regardless of whether strict contrapuntal or serial procedures return to future music, the issue of complexity as opposed to simplicity always will be central to the aesthetic debate of composers of future music.
	www-student.furman.edu /users/r/rkelley/cntptser.htm (6785 words)

	Grab Bag of Contrapuntal Keyboard Music Exercises (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Within any small section of a piece, the notes mostly belong to a single scale (heavily chromatic music being a notable exception, but even then, there is a scale through which the chromatic motion is conceived to be moving).
		If your fingers can be told "limit what you do to notes in the scale such-and-such" and they respond without further command, this is a great savings of attention; it cuts the possible notes from twelve to seven, and allows you to focus on melodic contour and other things.
		For fingering scales in contrapuntal music, the only the general guideline to put your thumb on a white note; beyond that, whatever works, works.
	www.well.com /user/smalin/grabbag.htm (807 words)

	III - Sacred
		Incorporates a contrapuntal refrain “Gloria in excelsis Deo.” An exciting, joyous and challenging piece.
		The three verse settings progress from a simple hymn style to a gospel influenced, highly contrapuntal setting with opportunities for vocal improvisation.
		It is an increasingly complex set of 5 variations on the original melody and harmonies.
	www.harmonize.com /burtszabo/sacred.htm (330 words)

	SingaporeMoms - Parenting Encyclopedia - Counterpoint (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		It was elaborated extensively in the Renaissance period; but composers of the Baroque period brought counterpoint to a kind of culmination; and, broadly and with many exceptions, it may be said that harmony then took over as the predominant organising principle in musical composition.
		The late Baroque composer Johann Sebastian Bach wrote most of his music exploiting counterpoint, and explicitly and systematically explored the full range of contrapuntal possibilities in such works as the Art of Fugue.
		Given the way terminology in music history has evolved, such music created from the Baroque period on is described as contrapuntal, while music from before Baroque times is called polyphony.
	www.singaporemoms.com /parenting/Counterpoint (1101 words)

	wtc-ii-4
		The original thematic idea and its contrapuntal companion, which characterize the beginning of this piece, recur several times in the course of the composition.
		In bars 33-37, the "main theme" entry and its contrapuntal companion are transposed to the subdominant.
		The leading features are the "main theme" with its imitation, the contrapuntal accompaniment with its later free variation, and an interlocked motive (M1) with its own contrapuntal line.
	www-personal.umich.edu /~siglind/wtc-ii-04.htm (5689 words)

	Music - The Century Of Perfection, 1650-1750.
		Contrapuntal choral song reaching its highest point of development about the turn of the sixteenth-seventeenth centuries.
		Then, as the harmonic principle came more and more into light, a partial and temporary decay of the contrapuntal principle and the invention of a form of solo song modelled on speech (Recitative) with a simple chordal accompaniment and the addition of.
		The sixteenth and early seventeenth-century Church Music and Madrigal writers, who carried this style of pure Contrapuntal art to perfection, and some of whom developed it in Instrumental as well as in Choral compositions—Palestrina in Italy, Byrd and Gibbons in England, Vittoria in Spain, &c.
	www.oldandsold.com /articles27n/music-22.shtml (1088 words)

	ProfileVI.html (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		This profile deals with the use of Fugato and separate contrapuntal devices, both in the extension and development of thematic material.
		Traditional contrapuntal devices, like imitation, episodes, stretto, pedal point, may exist independent of a general contrapuntal section; however, THE MOST IMPORTANT ELEMENT OF COUNTERPOINT is the independence of phrase structure between the various parts.
		A single contrapuntal device, like augmentation and diminution could be used in an isolated passage: e.g.
	www.minotaurz.com /minotaur/edu/orch_profiles/ProfileVI.html (750 words)

	art in harlow - Sculptures - 'Contrapuntal Forms' by Barbara Hepworth (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Barbara Hepworth was born in Wakefield, Yorkshire, in 1903.
		Contrapuntal Forms was commissioned for the 1951 South Bank Festival of Britain Exhibition.
		Afterwards it was chosen for Harlow in the distribution of the Festival works, vested in the Art Trust by the Harlow Development Corporation and sited in the Glebelands housing area.
	www.harlow.gov.uk /arts/artinharlow/sculptures/static/sculpture40.htm (91 words)

	[No title]
		This course will focus on the art/study of writing contrapuntal music of the early eighteenth century, especially in the style of J. Bach.
		To exhibit creativity and experience the challenges of the contrapuntal style through original composition.
		This will allow time for documentation of the disability through the HSU Office for Students with Disabilities (phone#670-5842) and for discussion of legitimate alternate means by which the student will be successful in the course.
	www.hsutx.edu /academics/music/bscherr/MUTC_3233.htm (255 words)

	Lesson 1 for "Form & Analysis"
		Because these are so important I have prepared a supplementary explanation of Contrapuntal Operations that I expect you to study with utmost care.
		It shall be your task, in the second assignment of this unit, to identify contrapuntal operations used to generate eighteen trichord segments in those first ten measures.
		To impress upon you the amazing potential of contrapuntal operations to generate new ideas of old, I've selected three unusual pieces of puzzle music for your listening pleasure.
	jan.ucc.nau.edu /~tas3/mus303/week1.html (1011 words)

	Counterpoint (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		It was elaborated extensively in the Renaissance_musicRenaissance period; but composers of the Baroque_musicBaroque period brought counterpoint to a kind of culmination; and, broadly and with many exceptions, it may be said that harmony then took over as the predominant organising principle in musical composition.
		The form or compositional genre known as Fugue (music)fugue is perhaps the most complex contrapuntal convention.
		The ''fantasia (music)fantasia'', the ''ricercar'', and later, the fugue (the contrapuntal form ''par excellence'') all feature imitative counterpoint, which also frequently appears in choirchoral works such as motets and madrigal (music)madrigals.
	www.infothis.com /find/Counterpoint (1440 words)

	The Magic of Honegger's Fugue
		It is by understanding his background and its influence that we may recognize the importance of rhythmic and contrapuntal structures to Honegger.
		It was through the study of the works of Schoenberg that Honegger reconciled the harmonic and contrapuntal dimensions of his compositions.
		It is through his use of rhythmic and contrapuntal structures that Honegger achieves unity, contrast, narrative and climax.
	www.humanities.mcmaster.ca /~mus701/macmacvol3/henry.html (4516 words)

	Course Content Guide:
		Covers 18th century contrapuntal devices, classical era compositional techniques, 19th century chromatic harmony and chromatic modulation.
		Course is ideally taught in a piano lab where each student has access to a piano keyboard.
		Students will be able to compose and perform examples using 18th-century contrapuntal devices.
	www.pcc.edu /edserv/ccg/MUS/MUS_211B.htm (438 words)

	UNC Music Department (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The course will begin with a quick study of basic contrapuntal forms: the invention and the three-voice fugue, including some composition based on Bach as model.
		After the middle of the semester each person will study a work by Bach with regard to issues established during the earlier part of the semester.
		We will study the basic techniques and repertory of music in classic American documentary and feature films (excepting musicals) from the inception of sound to the present day.
	www.unc.edu /gform-links/music/grad/seminars/seminarsF03.html (765 words)

	Principles of Counterpoint
		To better make this point, one might use a social analogy: contrapuntal lines are like individual voices in a community, engaged in conversation.
		The "liberties" at the end (the change of chord on the last beat of bar 3, and the accented passing tone on the beat f bar 4) are musically fluent and logical, and should not be prohibited.
		One of the major differences between Baroque and classical orchestration is the in the latter, the layout of the planes tends to be highly consistent over whole movements, or at least very long sections, while the classical composers employ more supple transitions between textures.
	www.musique.umontreal.ca /personnel/Belkin/bk.C/3.html (1676 words)

	Free Hand (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Kerry Minnear’s penchant for contrapuntal writing is especially clear on the instrumental cut, “Acquiring the Taste” (based on a melody by Ray Shulman), as well as in the fugatto string passages of “Black Cat.” With Three Friends the group underwent their first personnel change, as Malcolm Mortimore replaced Martin Smith on drums.
		In traditional contrapuntal exercises, the student learns first how to place one note (point) against another in two parts; this is extended to composing two notes against one, then three and four notes against one, and further complicated until one composes freely in two parts.
		What all of this complicated description leads to is this: “On Reflection” is not only thoroughly contrapuntal in these sections--there are four distinct and independent parts--but it is contrapuntal in a very conventional manner; the structuring of the voices here is squarely in the contrapuntal tradition that extends from Josquin Desprez to J.S. Bach.
	www.ibiblio.org /johncovach/gentlegiant.htm (1897 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The sacred music of the early to mid seventeenth-century Italy assimilated a new virtuosic, representational style of composition into a contrapuntal practice extending back to the previous century.
		Although seventeenth-century sacred music has often been regarded as an antiquated contrapuntal practice, much of the sacred repertory embraced characteristics associated with secular vocal genres: use of instruments, basso continuo, florid virtuosic melodies (passaggi), unconventional harmonies, and duet and trio textures.
		Analyses of these distinct repertories clarifies the relationship between counterpoint and harmonic structure; shows how various contrapuntal textures shape the meaning of the text; and outlines how certain contrapuntal and rhythmic features create musical affect.
	www.smcm.edu /users/ykang/dissabstract.htm (303 words)

	Articles - Counterpoint (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The late Baroque composer Johann Sebastian Bach wrote most of his music incorporating counterpoint, and explicitly and systematically explored the full range of contrapuntal possibilities in such works as The Art of the Fugue.
		Hence, the earlier composer Josquin Des Prez is said to have written polyphonic music.
		By far the most famous pedagogue to use the term, and the one who made it famous, was Johann Fux.
	www.lastring.com /articles/Dissonant_counterpoint?mySession=77ef37cadaf4b99bc9ca726d01d48bae (1958 words)

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