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GIMP - Creating a Contrast Mask The top one is for the original image, the middle is for the image with the contrast mask, and the bottom one is for the original image with the conventional contrast adjustment. Use the "Opacity" slider in the Layers dialog to decrease the effect of the contrast mask overall. With a contrast mask as described above, plus a layer mask with a gradient fill, so the contrast mask is mostly applied to the area below the cliffs. www.gimp.org /tutorials/ContrastMask   (1122 words)

A List Apart: Articles: Contrast and Meaning Design is largely an exercise in creating or suggesting contrasts, which are used to define hierarchy, manipulate certain widely understood relationships, and exploit context to enhance or redefine those relationships…all in an effort to convey meaning. Contrast is important because the meaningful essence of any thing is defined by its value, properties, or quality relative to something else. Important information is contrasted by size, color, or decoration and actionable elements have a common color to communicate that they’re related in some way or have a common purpose. www.alistapart.com /articles/contrastandmeaning   (2063 words)

LEO Comparison/Contrast Essays When they are comparing and contrasting, for example, two ideas, like corsets and footbinding, most writers structure their essays one of four ways. A quick outline comparing and then contrasting corsets and footbinding shows one way that such a paper might be structured. A quick outline that compares and contrasts only relevant aspects of corsets and footbinding shows one way that such a paper might be structured. leo.stcloudstate.edu /acadwrite/comparcontrast.html   (999 words)

Contrast Contrast makes things stand out from their surroundings, be more noticeable. Contrast is the most common problem area I find when analysing designs, usually because there just isn't enough contrast, or the highest-contrasting elements aren't the right ones. The minimum contrast is 91%, which is sufficient for the text to be universally readable. www.webdesignfromscratch.com /contrast.cfm   (1389 words)

Nikon MicroscopyU: Phase Contrast Microscopy - Introduction For arguments in phase contrast microscopy, the role of the specimen in altering the optical path length (in effect, the relative phase shift) of waves passing through is of paramount importance. Contrast is modulated by varying the properties of the phase plate, including the absorption of the metallic film (or anti-reflective coatings), the refractive index of the phase retarding material, and the thickness of the phase plate. Halos occur in phase contrast microscopy because the circular phase-retarding (and neutral density) ring located in the objective phase plate also transmits a small degree of diffracted light from the specimen (it is not restricted to passing surround waves alone). www.microscopyu.com /articles/phasecontrast/phasemicroscopy.html   (7881 words)

Basic Photography Techniques - Contrast, Framing, Foreground, Background. Contrast in photographic composition is an effective means of directing the viewer's attention to the center of interest. When we speak of contrast as it relates to composition, we are referring to both tonal contrast, as in fl-and-white photography, and color contrast as it relates to color photography. In fl-and-white photography, contrast is the difference in subject tones from white-to-gray-to-fl or from the lightest tone to the darkest tone. photoinf.com /General/NAVY/Contrast_and_Framing.htm   (1161 words)

Vision and Eye Tests for Cataract For example, the contrast between the pavement and the sidewalk, which is the main cue that defines the edge of a curb, may typically be just a few percent. Pelli-Robson contrast sensitivity score of less than 1.5 is consistent with visual impairment and a score of less than 1.0 represents in visual disability. Glare disability is a reduction of the contrast of the retinal image caused by extraneous bright light sources present in the visual field. www.agingeye.net /cataract/cataracteyeexam.php   (1744 words)

Contrast masking with Picture WIndow Pro Contrast masking was developed to deal with this issue; with a contrast mask you can make prints with excellent detail and contrast in both shadows and highlights. Contrast masking typically enhances contrast near boundaries-- dark areas are darker and light areas are lighter than they are at a distance from the boundaries. The choice is affected by the initial boundary contrast, boundary sharpness, the degree of manipulation required, and, to a lesser degree, the size of the final print. www.normankoren.com /PWP_contrast_masking.html   (2309 words)

Understanding Lens Contrast The big question mark where local contrast is concerned is that almost all actual picture-taking situations allow flare and veiling glare (the latter an overall dulling or haze of the image similar to "flashing" an enlargement with a low dose of non-image-forming light, or fog) to contribute in varying amounts and varying ways. Lens contrast refers to the lens's ability to discriminate tonally between small adjacent areas in the print, lending a sense of texture and surface. Local contrast is the lens's ability to distinguish different tones within a narrow range, for instance, in the shadow areas at the left. www.luminous-landscape.com /tutorials/understanding-series/lens-contrast.shtml   (2585 words)

Radiocontrast - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Radiocontrast agents (also simply contrast agents or contrast materials) are compounds used to improve the visibility of internal bodily structures in an X-ray image. MRI contrast agents are usually gadolinium-based, and work not by being radioopaque, but rather by altering the magnetic properties of nearby hydrogen nuclei. One type of contrast agent is based on barium sulfate, an insoluble white powder. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Radiocontrast   (1121 words)

Imaginis - Information About Intravenous and Oral Contrast Used in CT CT contrast is used to make specific organs, blood vessels and/or tissue types "stand out" with more image contrast to better show the presence of disease or injury. Intravenous contrast is used in CT to help highlight blood vessels and to enhance the tissue structure of various organs such as the brain, spine, liver and kidneys. Typically the contrast is loaded into a power-assisted injector, which injects the CT contrast using tubing through the needle into the body during a specific period in the CT exam. imaginis.com /ct-scan/contrast.asp?mode=1   (1302 words)

Contrast The contrasts are all standardized by branch lengths (actually, square roots of branch lengths). With only the contrasts printed out, they are in a simple array that is in a form that many statistics packages should be able to read. In assessing degress of freedom it is important to realize that each contrast was taken to have expectation zero, which is known because each contrast could as easily have been computed xi-xj instead of xj-xi. evolution.genetics.washington.edu /phylip/doc/contrast.html   (1459 words)

Olympus Microscopy Resource Center: Specialized Microscopy Techniques - Phase Contrast Illumination To improve visibility and contrast in such specimens, microscopists often reduce the opening size of the substage condenser iris diaphragm, but this maneuver is accompanied by a serious loss of resolution and the introduction of diffraction artifacts. Phase contrast was introduced in the 1930's for testing of telescope mirrors, and was adapted by Zeiss laboratories into a commercial microscope several years later. Among the specimens illustrated in the phase contrast gallery are fossilized bone thin sections, stained plant tissue sections, butterfly wing scales, cells in tissue culture, algae, protozoa, and histology specimens. www.olympusmicro.com /primer/techniques/phasecontrast/phaseindex.html   (488 words)

CONTRAST Statement contrast 'A broad' A 1 -1 0 A*B.5.5 -.5 -.5 0 0, A 1 0 -1 A*B.5.5 0 0 -.5 -.5 / df=6; contrast 'A narrow' A 1 -1 0 A*B.5.5 -.5 -.5 0 0 By default, CONTRAST statement coefficients on random effects are distributed equally across subjects and groups. v8doc.sas.com /sashtml/stat/chap41/sect11.htm   (1279 words)

Scharff and Ahumada (2003) SPIE Proc. Vol. 5007 No. 46.   (Site not responding. Last check: ) Because the contrast of the experimental conditions was defined relative to the background, the global metric predicted no effect of text polarity. Including the text pixels in the average value of the luminance level defining zero contrast reduces the contrast of the text in a nonlinear way: the contrast of positive contrast text is reduced more than the contrast of negative contrast text is increased. The contrast gain asymmetry factor as estimated here is that the ratio of the positive gain to the negative gain is somewhere between 0.5 and 0.9. vision.arc.nasa.gov /personnel/al/papers/03ei/03ei5007-46.htm   (4149 words)

contrast. The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition. 2000. The noun contrast may be followed by between, with, or to: There is a sharp contrast between his earlier and later works. In contrast with (or less frequently, to) his early works, the later plays are dark and forbidding. When contrast is used as a transitive verb, both with and to may follow, though with is more common: Most scholars contrast the light comedies of his early career with (or to) the dark comedies that were written late in his life. www.bartleby.com /61/84/C0608400.html   (338 words)

Encyclopedia - Contrast Sensitivity   (Site not responding. Last check: ) Contrast sensitivity is the visual ability to see objects that may not be outlined clearly or that do not stand out from their background. The brain is relatively insensitive to what neurologists call "low spatial frequencies." Contrast sensitivity readings are presented as a curve, which plots the lowest contrast level at which a person can detect an object of a given size. Tests of contrast sensitivity are normally done before and after cataract surgery, to document the degree of improvement that has been achieved. www.visionrx.com /library/enc/enc_contrast.asp   (497 words)

Contrast - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Contrast (vision), the difference in colour and light between parts of an image. Simultaneous contrast, where the colour of one object is affected by the colour of another. Contrast effect in psychology, a change in a normal percept or act resulting from experience with a stimulus of different value in the same dimension. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Contrast   (170 words)

Contrast | Luminance Contrast | Michelson Constrast | Modulation | Peak-to-Peak Contrast | Weber Contrast Contrast (Luminance Contrast) is the relationship between the luminance of a brighter area of interest and that of an adjacent darker area. Simple Contrast values are often used in photography, to specify the difference between bright and dark parts of the picture. This definition is not useful for real-world luminances, because of their much higher dynamic range and the logarithmic response characteristics of the human eye. www.schorsch.com /kbase/glossary/contrast.html   (164 words)

Questions and Answers on Gadolinium-Containing Contrast Agents Gadolinium-containing contrast agents are manufactured by a chelating process, a procedure in which large organic molecules form a stable complex around the gadolinium. Gadolinium-containing contrast agents can be very irritating to the veins into which injected, with superficial inflammation or irritation of blood vessels and blood clots. The labels for gadolinium-containing contrast agents caution that the risk of toxic reactions may be greater in patients with impaired kidney function because gadolinium is mostly excreted by the kidney. www.fda.gov /cder/drug/infopage/gcca/qa.htm   (1149 words)

Principles of Good Design: Contrast, Lesson #6 The contrast in the illustration to the left is quite obvious. There is also a contrast of thin and thick lines in the napkin, straight and curved lines, and don't miss the dark steam as contrasted with the light clouds off in the distance. Also notice the contrast of the roundness of the objects in the foreground against the flatness of the background. www.bluemoonwebdesign.com /art-lessons-6.asp   (388 words)

creativepro.com - dot-font: Seven Principles of Typographic Contrast The next two kinds of contrast are the contrast of form and the contrast of structure. Dair's sixth contrast is color -- and he warns that a second color is usually less emphatic than plain fl on white (or white on fl), so it's important to give careful thought to which element needs to be emphasized, and to pay attention to the tonal values of the colors used. The last of Dair's seven kinds of contrast is the contrast of direction: the opposition between vertical and horizontal, and the angles in between. www.creativepro.com /story/feature/19877.html   (1255 words)

Vision Series - darksky.org It also has a contrast sensitivity function, the curve of which is reciprocal to spatial frequency. Contrast is sensed when the light gradient is coarse, or in other words the spatial frequency is low. Once the point of contrast is stared at for too long without moving the position of our eyes, that point which was originally a point of change, now becomes static. www.darksky.org /VisionSeries/vs3-5.html   (1014 words)

Contrast   (Site not responding. Last check: ) Contrast is a measure of differences in brightness, counts, or optical density in adjacent regions of the image: The contrast inherent in the image information, independent of the means of display. For computer displays, the displayed contrast will depend on the type of grayscale or colorscale used to transform the counts in each pixel to luminance on the display monitor. brighamrad.harvard.edu /education/online/physics/MooreNM/Contrast.html   (278 words)

Colour Contrast Check - snook.ca The Colour Contrast Check Tool allows to specify a foreground and a background colour and determine if they provide enough of a contrast "when viewed by someone having color deficits or when viewed on a fl and white screen"[W3C]. This colour contrast tool was originally based on the HP Colour Contrast Tool. As well, there has been some interesting research on this subject by the University of Toronto which discusses the effectiveness of this technique. www.snook.ca /technical/colour_contrast/colour.html   (257 words)

Juicy Studio: Colour Contrast Analyser Guideline 2.2 of the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 1.0 requires that foreground and background colour combinations provide sufficient contrast when viewed by someone having colour deficits, or when viewed on a fl and white screen. They suggest a colour contrast algorithm, which is used in this test. This page is provided to allow you to check the contrast of two colours using the W3C's colour contrast algorithm by specifying the colours directly. www.juicystudio.com /services/colourcontrast.php   (297 words)

Juicy Studio: Colour Contrast Analyser Guideline 2.2 of the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 1.0 requires that foreground and background colour combinations provide sufficient contrast when viewed by someone having colour deficits, or when viewed on a fl and white screen. They suggest a colour contrast algorithm, which is used in this test. This page is provided to allow you to check the contrast of two colours using the W3C's colour contrast algorithm by specifying the colours directly. juicystudio.com /services/colourcontrast.php   (314 words)

www.myspace.com/contrastrock Contrast is a young pop-rock band waiting to happen. She eventually met up with co-writer and guitarist Andrew Churchward, and with the additions of Paul Tonks on rhythm guitar and Shaun Gowman on drums, Contrast was born, all in the town of Collingwood, Ontario. Contrast’s first ever live performance was at a Supernova Battle of the Bands in Barrie, ON, which they took home first place and won free recording time. www.myspace.com /contrastrock   (1530 words)

Cambridge Dictionaries Online - Cambridge University Press The amount spent on defence is in stark/sharp (= in very noticeable) contrast to that spent on housing and health. If you contrast some of her early writing with her later work, you can see just how much she improved. The sharpness of the lemons contrasts with the sweetness of the honey. dictionary.cambridge.org /results.asp?searchword=contrast   (197 words)

Sanford & A Lifetime of Color: Study Art Contrast is one of the principles of art which creates excitement and interest in artworks. In Wheatfields with Ravens, Vincent van Gogh used high contrast colors to make the yellow wheat fields stand out against the dark blue sky. Artists may choose low contrast for a softer look, as Claude Monet did in this painting of a bridge. www.sanford-artedventures.com /study/g_contrast.html   (86 words)

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