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Topic: Controlled airspace

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Uncontrolled Airspace

Air traffic control

Airspace

Aircraft

VFR

Air traffic control

	Airspace - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Airspace means the portion of the atmosphere controlled by a particular country on top of its territory and territorial waters or, more generally, any specific portion of the atmosphere.
		Uncontrolled airspace is airspace in which air traffic control does not exert any authority.
		Air traffic control is capable of directing aircraft in this airspace (though does not necessarily do so).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Air_space (170 words)

	Airspace
		Airspace is a three-dimensional area described in terms of altitude as well as by other characteristics such as whether it is above an urban or remote area.
		Airspace is broken into the two broad groups--controlled and uncontrolled airspace--then into Class A - Class G. Class A - Class E designate controlled airspace.
		In addition, each controlled airspace class sets additional requirements and is subject to one of the more than 20,000 federal air traffic controllers or the hundreds of pages of rules in the Federal Aviation Regulations.
	www.centennialofflight.gov /essay/Dictionary/airspace/DI79.htm (443 words)

	U.S. Airspace Classes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The configuration of each Class B airspace area is individually tailored and consists of a surface area and two or more layers (some Class B airspace areas resemble upside-down wedding cakes), and is designed to contain all published instrument procedures once an aircraft enters the airspace.
		Although the configuration of each Class C airspace area is individually tailored, the airspace usually consists of a surface area with a 5NM radius, and an outer circle with a 1 ONM radius that extends from 1,200 feet to 4,000 feet above the airport elevation.
		Class E airspace extends upward from either the surface or a designated altitude to the overlying or adjacent controlled airspace.
	www.asy.faa.gov /safety_products/airspaceclass.htm (1153 words)

	Aviation Glossary
		Controlled airspace is a generic term that covers Class A, Class B, Class C, Class D, and Class E airspace.
		Controlled airspace is also that airspace within which all aircraft operators are subject to certain pilot qualifications, operating rules, and equipment requirements in FAR Part 91 (for specific operating requirements, please refer to FAR Part 91).
		Although the configuration of each Class C area is individually tailored, the airspace usually consists of a surface area with a 5 nautical mile (NM) radius, an outer circle with a 10 nm radius that extends from 1,200 feet to 4,000 feet above the airport elevation and an outer area.
	ontology.buffalo.edu /smith/varia/controlledairspace.htm (686 words)

	Airspace Structure and Air Traffic Control in the San Francisco Bay Area (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The airspace structure is basically divided into controlled and uncontrolled airspace, according to six classes of vertical air space.
		Class D airspace is controlled airspace -- from the surface to 2,500 feet MSL -- surrounding airports with an air traffic control tower (e.g., Hayward, Livermore, Palo Alto, Reid-Hillview, and San Carlos airports).
		Class E is any controlled airspace not classified as A, B, C, or D. The area of a class E airspace is configured to encompass all instrument approach procedures and low-altitude federal airways.
	home.netvista.net /~hpb/airspace.html (724 words)

	Controlled airspace -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Controlled airspace exists in areas where (Click link for more info and facts about air traffic control) air traffic control is capable of providing traffic separation.
		All (A vehicle that can fly) aircraft must have a clearance to enter the airspace and an altitude-encoding (Mode-C) (Electrical device designed to receive a specific signal and automatically transmit a specific reply) transponder that automatically reports the aircraft altitude to air traffic control is mandatory.
		Both VFR and IFR flight is permitted and communication with air traffic control is not required.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/c/co/controlled_airspace.htm (736 words)

	Gatineau Gliding Club Members
		Class 'C' Airspace: ATC Controlled airspace in which IFR and VFR aircraft are permitted.
		Class 'D' Airspace: Controlled airspace in which IFR and VFR aircraft are permitted.
		Class 'E' Airspace: Controlled airspace in which IFR and VFR aircraft are permitted.
	www.gatineauglidingclub.ca /airspace/glossary.shtml (572 words)

	General Aviation Flying - Types of Airspace & Control Zones - Map of Airspace
		Class B airspace is designed to help manage the flow of high volumes of airline traffic as these aircraft descend from the high-altitude flight levels into the lower altitudes and eventually the airport itself.
		Class D airspace surrounds airports with operating control towers and weather reporting service that are not superseded by more restrictive Class B or C airspace.
		Class G airspace is uncontrolled, so it includes all airspace in the United States that is not classified as Class A, B, C, D, or E. No air traffic control (ATC) services are provided, and the only requirement for flight is certain visibility and cloud clearance minimums.
	www.gaservingamerica.org /how_work/work_airspace.htm (1154 words)

	Air traffic control
		Terminal control involves air traffic on the airport proper and within the immediate airport environment, within about 30 nautical miles, while enroute control handles traffic between major terminals and at locations not busy enough to deserve a dedicated terminal facility.
		Terminal controllers are responsible for the separation and efficient movement of aircraft operating on the taxiways and runways of the airport itself, and those in the air near the airport.
		Centers control traffic strictly through the use of long-range radar, or using complex non-radar procedural separation where radar does not exist.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/a/ai/air_traffic_control.html (1303 words)

	AIRSPACE
		The term "controlled airspace," by the way, doesn't mean that somebody or some agency is up there controlling traffic, but controllers have a pretty good idea of what is up there.
		On your sectional, horizontal Class B airspace limits are outlined in concentric solid blue circular lines that may be indented or extended in certain places due to geography or air traffic routes.
		Controlled airspace is officially defined by exclusion, which often does not tell you much.
	www.flytandem.com /airspace.htm (3352 words)

	Tie-down techniques
		Controlled airspace is viewed by many recreational aviators as something of a 'dark zone', i.e.
		That's the reason we have a range of different types of controlled airspace, with different rules applicable to them, and why controlled airspace is established in 'blocks' around airports and IFR air routes.
		These airspace types are further divided up into Classes C, D, and E and it is these designators that differentiate the rules applicable in each class.
	homepages.paradise.net.nz /~tuff/Articles/airspace.html (616 words)

	Robert Comperini - Airspace Classifications (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Airspace is not so complex that it is beyond the understanding of anyone who has the ability to learn to fly an ultralight (using proper instruction), so do not be intimidated.
		If the extension is outlined in magenta dashes, the extensions are what is called Class E airspace and you may be able to fly beneath their lower limit if you know for sure where the overhanging controlled airspace begins.
		By that reasoning, Class E airspace is controlled airspace that is not Class A, B, C or D or G airspace.
	www.fly-ul.com /Airspace/jtaber (7468 words)

	[No title]
		Depiction of controlled airspace on maps, charts, and NZAIP Controlled airspace is depicted on maps and charts by the type, followed by a “/”, followed by the class.
		A control area is a controlled airspace of defined dimensions extending upwards from a specified lower limit.
		A control zone is a controlled airspace of defined dimensions extending upwards from the surface of the earth to a specified limit.
	www.gliding.co.nz /Operations/Instruct/QGPgrnd.doc (22864 words)

	Learn more about Air traffic control in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		In air traffic control terminology, a block of airspace of predetermined size assigned to a radar air traffic controller is called a "sector." Depending on various factors (traffic density, etc.), a controller may be responsible for one or more sectors at any given time.
		When a risk of collision is identified by aircrew or ground controllers an "air miss"or "air prox" report can be filed with the air traffic control authority concerned.
		The UK has recently brought a new control centre into service at Swanwick, in Hampshire, relieving a busy suburban centre at West Drayton in Middlesex, north of London Heathrow Airport.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /a/ai/air_traffic_control.html (674 words)

	Section 13 Commentary - Robyn's Improved PSTAR Study Guide
		To fly VFR in controlled airspace, you must maintain 500' vertical separation from cloud and one mile horizontal separation from cloud, and have 3 miles forward visibility.
		As it is controlled airspace, you require controlled airspace weather minima.
		You could even arrange in advance to enter the airspace without a radio, for example if you were coming to get your radio fixed at the maintenance facilities at the class C airport.
	flyingstart.ca /FlightTraining/PSTAR/13As.htm (1319 words)

	GATCO - The Guild of Air Traffic Control Officers
		For controllers the concern is the increasing difficulty in providing separation in an environment where some traffic or its intentions are unknown.
		A collision outside controlled airspace between a Hercules with 40 parachutists on board and a Cessna 172 with a family on board is as abhorrent as a collision between a Dash 8 and a business jet would be inside controlled airspace.
		There would be a risk of an increase in airproxes outside that controlled airspace, just as a lack of controlled airspace leads to a heightened risk of airproxes in the vicinity of those airfields now.
	www.gatco.org /chairman.html (764 words)

	Around the Airport and Types of ...
		This is at the stage the airliner climbs into Controlled Airspace or descends for a landing from Controlled Airspace at the major airport.
		Above free airspace in some parts of the country is Controlled Airspace or a Control Area or Control Zone or just a 10 mile wide airway may also be in operation.
		Control zones however vary in length and height and charts must be used to establish where they are and at what height.
	www.avsim.com /geoffschool/combined/airspace.htm (1613 words)

	Chapter 3 Section 2 Controlled Airspace
		Approach control should be advised and a revised clearance or instruction obtained when compliance with an assigned route, heading and/or altitude is likely to compromise pilot responsibility with respect to terrain and obstruction clearance, vortex exposure, and weather minimums.
		VFR aircraft operating in proximity to Class B airspace are cautioned against operating too closely to the boundaries, especially where the floor of the Class B airspace is 3,000 feet or less or where VFR cruise altitudes are at or near the floor of higher levels.
		Generally, that airspace from the surface to 4,000 feet above the airport elevation (charted in MSL) surrounding those airports that have an operational control tower, are serviced by a radar approach control, and that have a certain number of IFR operations or passenger enplanements.
	www.faa.gov /ATPubs/AIM/Chap3/aim0302.html (3355 words)

	Rules for Flying in Controlled airsoace
		All flights in Controlled Airspace require a flight plan having been filed before entry is permitted.
		Whilst flying in Controlled Airspace, the pilot must obey all ATC instructions, and repeat back all commands, so that the controller can check the instructions are clearly understood.
		In some places an aircraft will leave controlled airspace and then be in free airspace to land at an airport.
	www.avsim.com /geoffschool/controlledairspace.htm (1202 words)

	Airspace
		The airspace from the surface to 10,000 feet that surrounds the busiest airports in the U.S. The configuration is often referred to as resembling a "upside down wedding cake." Each one of these guys is a little different, depending on the airport's configuration.
		The airspace is from the surface up to 2,500 feet, and the radius is usually five miles.
		If it is Controlled Airspace, and it is not A, B, C, or D, then it is Class "E".
	stoenworks.com /Airspace.html (1096 words)

	Page a4
		Class B Airspace consists of controlled airspace extending upward from the surface or higher to specified altitudes, within which all aircraft are subject to operating rules and pilot/equipment requirements specified in FAR 91....
		Class C airspace consists of controlled airspace extending upward from the surface or higher to specified altitudes, within which all aircraft are subject to operating rules and pilot and equipment requirements specified in FAR 91.
		Class B airspace consists of controlled airspace extending upward from the surface or higher to 10,000, within which all aircraft are subject to the operating rules and pilot/equipment requirements specified in FAR 91.
	whitts.alioth.net /Pagea4.htm (9687 words)

	LOS ANGELES CLASS B CONTROLLED AIRSPACE CHANGES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The ceiling of controlled Class B airspace was lowered from 12,500 to 10,000 feet allowing existing arriving aircraft to enter controlled Class B airspace from the top.
		Raising the base of Class B airspace over Malibu to 5,000 feet allows visual flight rules (VFR) aircraft to continue flying at 4,500 feet rather than descending in this area to avoid Class B airspace.
		East of LAX higher extensions based at 8,000 and 9,000 feet were added to capture existing aircraft routes in controlled Class B airspace.
	www.awp.faa.gov /field_offices/air_traffic/laxclasb.htm (243 words)

	Controlled airspace over Prestwick (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Controlled airspace is to be re-established in the Prestwick area following the steep increase in flights at Prestwick International Airport.
		Prestwick Air Traffic Control will continue to provide radar and non-radar services within the local area, both inside and outside the new zones, to all airspace users.
		Controlled airspace previously existed around Prestwick, but a decline in air traffic activity at the airport led to its withdrawal in the mid 90s.
	www.rin.org.uk /pooled/articles/BF_NEWSART/view.asp?Q=BF_NEWSART_73043 (299 words)

	www.powerchutes.com Airspace
		Towered airports (B, C and D) are depicted on your sectional in blue with the control area outlined with a solid blue line around Class B, a solid magenta line around Class C, or dashed blue line around Class D.
		Non-towered airfields, in Class E airspace, are shown in magenta with a magenta dashed line around them
		C stands for Cities of moderate size where air traffic is controlled.
	www.powerchutes.com /airspace2.asp (7491 words)

	SFOC Information - Revised November 30, 1996 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		There are two separate documents, one for parachute descents in or into controlled airspace or an air route and another for parachute descents over or into built-up areas or an open-air assembly of persons.
		As such, it is departmental policy to recognise parachutists as normal airspace users, who upon complying with the requirements of the issue of a Special Flight Operations, have as much right to use and share controlled airspace in Canada as other airspace users.
		The local air traffic control agency, where applicable, shall be contacted and provided with the information they require to develop the conditions to be incorporated in the Special Flight Operations Certificate to enable the operation to take place safely.
	www.cspa.ca /cspa/Resources/sfoc.html (9041 words)

	Radar jargon - 1
		Controlled airspace in the form of a road in the sky.
		In the UK the airway is usually identified by a colour and a number ie Red 01, Green 15 etc. (A rich source of targets)
		It was located at RAF West Drayton in Middlesex, England, to the west of London.
	www.radarpages.co.uk /glossary/glossary.htm (1564 words)

	Seminars & workshops - Operations in and around Controlled Airspace (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		All are welcome to attend, although the session is of primary interest for private pilots.
		This session will enable you to familiarise yourself with operations in and around controlled airspace, and in particular check out approaches and departures at up to nine locations around Australia.
		Any changes to the advertised program will be notified to all registered attendees.
	www.casa.gov.au /seminars/topics/oiaca.asp (83 words)

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