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Topic: Convective Inhibition

	Mauna Kea Weather Center Glossary/Dictionary
		Distinction is made between free convection (gravitational or buoyant convection), motion caused only by density differences within the fluid; and forced convection, motion induced by mechanical forces such as deflection by a large-scale surface irregularity, turbulent flow caused by friction at the boundary of a fluid, or motion caused by any applied pressure gradient.
		In the ocean, convection is prominent in regions of high heat loss to the atmosphere and is the main mechanism of deep water formation.
		Moist convection in the atmosphere is characterized by deep, saturated updrafts and downdrafts, and unsaturated downdrafts driven largely by the evaporation and melting of precipitation.
	weather.hawaii.edu /glossary/index.cgi?letter=c (3947 words)

	NOAA - National Weather Service -
		The intensity of the cap is measured by its convective inhibition.
		Convection in the form of a single updraft, downdraft, or updraft/downdraft couplet, typically seen as a vertical dome or tower as in a towering cumulus cloud.
		Calculation of the convective temperature involves many assumptions, such that thunderstorms sometimes develop well before or well after the convective temperature is reached (or may not develop at all).
	www.nws.noaa.gov /glossary/index.php?letter=c (6573 words)

	Convective Inhibition (CINH) - Help Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		CINH is defined as the amount of energy beyond the normal work of expansion need to lift a parcel from the surface to the Level of Free Convection (LFC).
		Because increasing amounts of CINH indicate that more energy is needed to lift the parcel, the CINH area is generally called the "negative energy region".
		The top of the CINH area is the Level of Free Convection (LFC), which is the first level in the atmosphere where the parcel can continue to rise on it's own, without any outside energy contribution.
	twister.sbs.ohio-state.edu /helpdocs/cinh.html (168 words)

	Stability Parameters (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		Convective Available Potential Energy (aka, Positive Area) is the amount of energy available to a parcel as it freely rises between the Level of Free Convection (LFC) and the Equilibrium Level (EL).
		Convective Inhibition (aka, Negative Area) is the amount of energy that must be supplied to a parcel for it to rise to the Level of Free Convection (LFC).
		The Convective Temperature is the temperature to which a surface parcel must be heated to allow it to freely convect.
	www.ssec.wisc.edu /mcidas/doc/users_guide/2003/McHTML-325.HTML (825 words)

	NWS Norman, Oklahoma - Weather Glossary for Storm Spotters (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		Cell - Convection in the form of a single updraft, downdraft, or updraft/downdraft couplet, typically seen as a vertical dome or tower as in a cumulus or towering cumulus cloud.
		Convective Temperature - The approximate temperature that the air near the ground must warm to in order for surface-based convection to develop, based on analysis of a sounding.
		Elevated convection often occurs when air near the ground is relatively cool and stable, e.g., during periods of isentropic lift, when an unstable layer of air is present aloft.
	www.srh.noaa.gov /oun/severewx/glossary2.php (4658 words)

	Buoyancy and CAPE Print Version (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		In the presence of convective inhibition, the level of free convection may be higher than the lifted condensation level, but never lower.
		Convective inhibition is discussed later in the module.
		The environmental CAPE for convective storms is often in the range of 1000-2000 J/kg.
	meted.ucar.edu /mesoprim/cape/print.htm (2770 words)

	Overview
		As with hailfalls, strong convective winds arise in swaths of varying length and width, and it is basically just an accident when what might be only a momentary peak within the swath ends up being either measured or results in damage, leading to a report of the event.
		Convective storm-associated wind gust casualty statistics been compiled only for a short time in the United States, so it is not possible to assess how the figures may have changed over the decades.
		A possible explanation for this dearth of microburst forecasting studies is that the historical record of convective wind events does not distinguish the meteorological character of severe convective winds in the U.S.; that is, the fact that a reported convective wind event was caused by a microburst is not recorded.
	www.cimms.ou.edu /~doswell/Monograph/Overview.html (14590 words)

	Convective quasi-equilibrium in midlatitude continental environment and its effect on convective parameterization
		The quasi-equilibrium assumption proposed by Arakawa and Schubert assumes that convection is controlled by the large-scale forcing in a statistical sense, in such a way that the stabilization of the atmosphere by convection is in quasi-equilibrium with the destabilization by the large-scale forcing.
		The analysis also shows that the role of convective inhibition to suppress convection is the most pronounced when the large-scale forcing in the free troposphere is weak.
		It assumes that convective and large-scale processes in the free troposphere above the boundary layer are in balance, so that contribution from the free troposphere to changes in CAPE is negligible.
	www.agu.org /pubs/crossref/2002/2001JD001005.shtml (422 words)

	MMM ASR 2002 - Research
		They also found that the greater rainfall in the LMTA in IOP2B was augmented by the development of conditional instability (with associated convective rain), due to the effect of the Alps on the eastward passage of the moist tongue; in IOP8 the atmosphere remained locally stable throughout the period.
		The remnant vortex organized convection on a time-scale fast enough to compensate for the deleterious effects of the vertical wind shear in which it was embedded.
		The two interests are the unusual microphysics of precipitation growth (within a convective cloud that develops within a preexisting field of ice crystals), and the origin of the instability.
	box.mmm.ucar.edu /asr2002/lifecycles.html (2878 words)

	NCAR/ATD - ASR99 - ATD Research Activities
		In contrast to the hypothesis of a pure radiative-convective equilibrium it was found that convective inhibition can be large enough to partly suppress convection following dry intrusions and that the diurnal variation in rainfall is partly due to modulations in convective inhibition.
		The modulations in convective inhibition are, in turn, caused by diurnal variations in the vertical profiles of radiation, in surface fluxes and perhaps in large-scale subsidence, leading to a minimum in convective inhibition and a maximum in rainfall during the late afternoon.
		In contrast, studies of this type of convection have generally emphasized diurnal variations in the surface fluxes and often ignored convective inhibition and diurnal variations in atmospheric radiative heating.
	www.atd.ucar.edu /dir_off/ASR/FY1999/asr99_research.html (2606 words)

	Billardio: Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		------ ------ Convective Inhibition (CIN) - Convective Inhibition (aka, Negative Area) is the amount of energy that must be supplied to a parcel for it to rise to the Level of Free Convection (LFC).
		Convective Inhibition is non-zero only if an LFC exists.
		This is followed by adiabatically lifting the parcel to the point where its theta-E equals the environment's theta-E. From this point (called the Convective Condensation Level), the parcel is brought down to the surface pressure dry adiabatically.
	www.ssec.wisc.edu /~billb/work/glossary.html (1490 words)

	AMS Glossary
		The dry adiabat through this point determines, approximately, the lowest temperature to which the surface air must be heated before a parcel can rise dry-adiabatically to its lifting condensation level without ever being colder than the environment.
		This temperature, the convective temperature, is a useful parameter in forecasting the onset of convection.
		Even though other factors may be favorable for development of convection, if convective inhibition is sufficiently large, deep convection will not form.
	amsglossary.allenpress.com /glossary/browse?s=c&p=90 (527 words)

	Life Cycle of Precipitating Weather Systems
		Understanding the dynamics of convective episodes is crucial for developing improved, non-local representations of convection in numerical models.
		Upon entering Minnesota the convection intensified and assumed an E-W orientation in response to the increased moisture, the strong southerly flow and the N-S oriented shear vector.
		The simulation, initialized with a RUC analysis and nested to 1.5-km horizontal grid spacing over the area of convection, correctly reoriented convection from a north-south band to and east-west band overnight (see Figure 4) in response to northward transport of warm, conditionally unstable air within the nocturnal low-level jet.
	www.mmm.ucar.edu /ppws/ppws_lifecycle.html (2866 words)

	COMET Summer Severe Weather DL Course Module List
		The primary purpose of the Anticipating Convective Storm Structure and Evolution module is to provide forecasters a strategy for anticipating storm structures, their evolution, and the potential for severe weather, based on an understanding of the physical processes that control their development.
		Because convective storms develop rapidly, having the right set of expectations of what is possible and probable within the storm environment will allow forecasters to better manage their activities during a convective event.
		For this reason, this module examines convective storms based on the predominant physical processes involved in their development that tend to place them in a particular region of the spectrum.
	www.meted.ucar.edu /norlat/dl_svrconvection/modules.php (1799 words)

	INGREDIENTS FOR THUNDERSTORMS AND SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		Lift is what gives a parcel of air the impetus to rise from the low levels of the atmosphere to the elevation where positive buoyancy is realized.
		Low level stability is often referred to as negative CAPE, convective inhibition, or the cap.
		It is lift that allows air in the low levels of the troposphere to overcome low level convective inhibition.
	www.theweatherprediction.com /habyhints/141 (478 words)

	dHHHHH
		It has been argued that the nocturnal lifecycle of convective systems may be related to the differential radiative heating between the convective cloud area and its environment, i.e., cloud tops cool while the subcloud layer warms relative to the surrounding clear air.
		The movement of convective systems is composed of the sum of an advective component, given by the mean motion of the convective cells, and a propagation component, defined by the rate and location of new convective cell formation relative to existing cells (Newton and Katz 1958, Newton and Newton 1959, Bluestein and Jain 1985).
		Stensrud also showed that the convective systems produce a positive feedback such that the large scale environment is more favorable for additional convection, a result that would tend to extend the lifetime of the convective activity and the potential for severe weather in the same region.
	www.ems.psu.edu /~fritsch/Mesoscale_Convective_Systems/mgraph414.html (11941 words)

	Diurnal march of the convection observed during TRMM-WETAMC/LBA
		Radar 2 km CAPPI were used to describe the diurnal cycle of the rain fraction for different thresholds and the diurnal evolution of the size spectrum and initiation/dissipation of the rain cells.
		In the early afternoon, convection rapidly develops, high and convective cloud fractions increase rapidly, and the maximum precipitation and initiation is observed.
		After convection is developed the atmosphere profile is modified, reaching a nearly saturated state; the water vapor flux decreases in the boundary layer which becomes very stable, thereby inhibiting surface fluxes and consequently extinguishing the convection.
	www.agu.org /pubs/crossref/2002/2001JD000338.shtml (528 words)

	C Convective Weather
		Predicting the initiation and location of new convection 30 min to 2 h in advance is one of the challenges of convective weather forecasting, along with anticipating the merger of thunderstorm cells and determining when thunderstorms will begin to dissipate.
		In a first step toward the use of a deep convection model with full microphysics, a parameterization of the effect of evaporative cooling is added to the dry boundary layer model to improve the temperature field.
		Moreover, the forcing for nocturnal deep convection tends to occur on the mesoscale and is often situated above the planetary boundary layer (PBL), in contrast to the class of PBL-based convection that is most frequent in the afternoon and is more often associated with fine-scale surface boundaries.
	www.rap.ucar.edu /asr2002/c-convective_wx/c-convective_wx.htm (1724 words)

	Antartica encyclopedia : Cultural Information , Maps, Antartica politics and officials, Antartican History. Travel to ...
		Convective inhibition (CIN or CINH) is a numerical measure in meteorology that indicates the amount of energy that will prevent an air parcel from rising from the ground surface to the level of free convection.
		The situation in which convective inhibition is measured is when layers of warmer air are above a particular region of air.
		Convective inhibition indicates the amount of energy that will be required to force the cooler packet of air to rise.
	www.antarcticaiworld.com /wiki-Convective_inhibition (190 words)

	Skew-T Text Parameters Description
		The LCL is defined as the pressure at which the saturation mixing ratio of the parcel equals the parcel mixing ratio (i.e., the parcel is saturated).
		A parcel with the convective temperature, rather than the actual temperature, is lifted normally (physically, this lifting would be from heating alone) until saturation.
		As lifting occurs to produce convection, the negative buoyancy area acts as an inhibitor until it is "mixed" with the positive area.
	www.shodor.org /os411/courses/411c/module05/unit04/parameters.html (2808 words)

	[No title]
		The Level of Free Convection is the level at which a parcel lifted from the surface (defined by a 50 mb average in the SUDS analysis) becomes positively buoyant.
		The Convective Inhibition is the amount of energy required to lift a surface parcel (defined by a 50 mb average in the SUDS analysis) to the LFC.
		Graphically, this energy is proportional to the area on the skew-T plot below the LFC bounded by the environmental temperature profile and the adiabatic lapse rate (dry and wet) of a lifted surface parcel.
	www.atd.ucar.edu /rtf/projects/labex95/proj.suds.html (559 words)

	References (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		Colby, F. Jr., 1984: Convective inhibition as a predictor of convection during AVE-SESAME II.
		Kanak, M. K., and D. Lilly, 1996: The linear stability and structure of convection in a circular mean shear.
		Lynn, B. H., and W. Tao, 2001a: A parameterization of the triggering of landscape-generated moist convection.
	met.psu.edu /~narnott/myweb/References.htm (1389 words)

	dHHHHH
		According to Zipser (1982), a Mesoscale Convective System (MCS) is a weather feature which exhibits moist convective overturning contiguous with or embedded within a mesoscale circulation that is at least partially driven by the convective processes.
		These elements are the first convective features to appear within a broad area of larger scale forcing, frequently associated with frontal overrunning.
		The convective elements have a tendency to be organized into lines although many systems, especially in large type-1 events, display more-or-less random distributions of the convective structures.
	www.ems.psu.edu /~fritsch/Mesoscale_Convective_Systems/mgraph.html (11951 words)

	Publications of Carl H. Gibson, with notes. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		Marine biologists have known for thirty years that dinoflagellate growth is inhibited by turbulence in laboratory cultures, but this is the first attempt to quantify the turbulence threshold for growth inhibition for any species.
		Tests of turbulence growth inhibition for a different species of dinoflagellate were made, and showed some similarities and differences in the growth response that have fishery implications.
		The threshold for growth inhibition by average turbulence dissipation rates are decreased by factors of up to 100 by reducing the time interval of the turbulence to a small fraction of the day, but the turbulence time must be longer than several minutes.
	www-acs.ucsd.edu /~ir118/pubs.html (6021 words)

	[No title]
		There is often sufficient convective available potential energy (CAPE), but the convective inhibition (CINS) is too large, or the level of free convection (LFC) is too elevated to be reached by surface-based air parcels.
		This is primarily due to a prevailing southerly surface wind flow that convergences on the north end of the narrowing Sacramento Valley.
		Even though the moisture and instability may not be sufficient to form moist convection across most of northern California, the northern Sacramento Valley convergence zone can be the added mechanism required to initiate thunderstorms.
	www.wrh.noaa.gov /wrh/02TAs/0207 (2404 words)

	EPIC2001 Preliminary Results From Aircraft (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		Dropsondes from the C-130 showed that the saturation deficit was small at this latitude, the convective inhibition was small, and the convective available potential energy index was (barely) positive.
		Interestingly, the dropsondes showed that the environment north of 6 N was otherwise favorable to convection in this case, with moist conditions, negligible convective inhibition, and positive convective available potential energy.
		Other flights show intermediate results with different combinations of instability, humidity, and surface fluxes, but taken together, they all support the hypothesis that the control of deep convection in the EPIC2001 region is primarily via thermodynamic rather than dynamic mechanisms.
	www.physics.nmt.edu /~raymond/epic_results/cross/weller.html (213 words)

	inhibition - OneLook Dictionary Search
		Inhibition : Online Plain Text English Dictionary [home, info]
		Inhibition, inhibition : Technical and Popular Medical Terms [home, info]
		Phrases that include inhibition: contact inhibition, feedback inhibition, reciprocal inhibition, noncompetitive inhibition, convective inhibition, more...
	www.onelook.com /?w=inhibition (300 words)

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