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	Quasi-War - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Quasi-War was an undeclared war fought entirely at sea between the United States and France from 1798 to 1800.
		After the French Revolution, the US refused to pay back its debt and revoked its agreements with France, arguing that these had been with the French monarchy and that their obligations were null after the change of regime in France.
		The Quasi-War was ended by the Convention of 1800 (Treaty of Mortefontaine).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Quasi-War (445 words)

	Timeline of Events in Haitian Revolutionary History - TLP (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Ratified by the Treaty of Aranjuez on June 3, 1777.
		The treaty provided for France to cede all land east and southeast of the Mississippi to Britain, all land west of the Mississippi to Spain, and Canada to Britain.
		1777-06-03 - The Treaty of Aranjuez between France and Spain officially recognizes the French colony of Saint-Domingue (the western 1/3 of Hispaniola).
	thelouvertureproject.org /wiki/index.php?title=Timeline_of_Events_in_Haitian_Revolutionary_History (2862 words)

	American President (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In 1800, Adams faced a much tougher battle for reelection, as the differences between the Federalists and the Republicans intensified -- by that time, the terms "Democratic-Republican" and "Republican" were used interchangeably.
		Furthermore, early in 1800, Adams fired two members of his cabinet, Timothy Pickering, the secretary of state, and James McHenry, the secretary of war, for their failure to support his foreign policy.
		As in 1796, the Federalist members of Congress caucused in the spring of 1800 and nominated Adams and Charles Cotesworth Pinckney of South Carolina, an officer in the Continental army, a member of the Constitutional Convention, and a part of the diplomatic commission that Adams sent to France in 1797.
	www.americanpresident.org /history/johnadams/biography/email.html (6534 words)

	[No title]
		Convention of Mortefontaine The Convention of Mortefontaine (also known as the Convention of 1800) was negotiated with Napoleon.
		The terms of the treaty provoked a storm of protest, but it was narrowly ratified in 1795.
		Treaty of San Lorenzo In the Treaty of San Lorenzo (also known as Pinckney's Treaty), Spain granted the United States free navigation of the Mississippi River and the right of deposit at New Orleans.
	wps.ablongman.com /wps/media/objects/29/29775/ch7_glossary.html (1121 words)

	John Rodgers (naval officer, War of 1812) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		He was promoted to Captain 5 March 1799 and 3 months later took command of Maryland.
		In March 1801 he transported the ratified Convention of 1800 (Treaty of Mortefontaine), which ended the Quasi-War, to France.
		Placed in command of John Adams the following year, he sailed for the Mediterranean to attack Barbary forts and gunboats at Tripoli, as part of the First Barbary War.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/John_Rodgers_(naval_officer,_War_of_1812) (485 words)

	DCBA Brief, September 1997 Issue - Chapter 12 - The Gathering Storm
		Seven days later, however, the Convention of Mortefontaine was signed in Paris by Oliver Ellsworth.l2 Article 4 of the convention provided that vessels that had been captured but "not yet definitively condemned" should be restored to their original owners.
		It was complicated by the fact that the convention had not been officially promulgated by the president and, therefore, in a technical sense was not part of the supreme law of the land.* Marshall, whose sympathies lay completely with Jefferson in this matter, may have been the first to recognize the problem.
		Once the convention was ratified, a unanimous Court, speaking through the chief justice, upheld Jefferson’s interpretation of the convention with a ringing restatement of the treaty power.
	dcba.org /brief/sepissue/1997/art20997.htm (3643 words)

	Reese Catalogue 238 - Section IV (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Louisiana Purchase Treaty carried a convention for the settlement of outstanding financial claims, and efforts toward that end are described in the works of James H. Causten (items 143, 144, and 145), which detail his lobbying efforts on behalf of American citizens with claims against the French government.
		The war and the treaty have been considered American victories, though, as the United States showed that it could defend its territorial integrity and its economic independence, and a measure of respect was established for the U.S. in the councils of Europe.
		This slim volume prints the text of the Treaty and Convention of 30 April 1803, negotiated by Robert Livingston, James Monroe and Barbe Marbois, by which the Louisiana Territory was officially ceded by France to the United States.
	www.reeseco.com /cat238/238d.htm (6695 words)

	Federalist Era Chronology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Treaty of Paris, recognizing the United States as a sovereign nation.
		Treaty of Greenville, between the United States of America and the Indian tribes of Wyandots, Delawares, Shawanees, Ottawas, Chippewas, Pattawatimas, Miamis, Eel Rivers, Weas, Kickapoos, Piankeshaws, and Kaskask.
		Treaty of San Lorenzo ("Pinckney's Treaty," The Laws of the United States, Folwell's, Philadelphia, 1796), which resolves boundary disputes and opens up the Mississippi River to American commercial interests.
	carbon.cudenver.edu /~rpekarek/fedchron.html (3263 words)

	Printable Version on Encyclopedia.com
		The anti-French Federalists gained the upper hand in the United States, and there was considerable antagonism toward France, particularly after the Genet (see Genet, Edmond Charles Édouard) affair.
		The conclusion (1795) of Jay's Treaty with England, which partially vitiated the agreements with France, aroused French anger.
		The result was the Treaty of Mortefontaine (Sept. 30, 1800), known as the Convention of 1800, a commercial agreement that improved relations between the two nations.
	www.encyclopedia.com /printable.aspx?id=1E1:xyzaffai (456 words)

	Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Through Pinckney's Treaty signed with Spain on October 27, 1795, American merchants had "right of deposit" in New Orleans, meaning they could use the port for their goods.
		However, this treaty was kept secret, and Louisiana would remain under Spanish control until a transfer of power to France that had yet to be organized.
		The matter was not fully settled until the signing of the Adams-Onís Treaty in 1819, in which Spain ceded all of Florida to the U.S. and the boundary between the Louisiana territory and the Spanish colonies was set along the Sabine, Red and Arkansas rivers and the 42nd parallel.
	www.daleboo.com /wiki/?title=Louisiana_Purchase (1606 words)

	America in the 1790s, Part II
		In the Southwest, news of Jay's Treaty was interpreted by the Spanish as an Anglo-American alliance against Spain.
		The Convention of 1800 clears the air with France; U.S. agrees to assume $20 million in debts in exchange for abrogation of the 1778 treaty.
		The election of 1800 is perhaps most noteworthy for the peaceful transition of government leadership from one political party to that of the opposition, demonstrating that such a process could be accomplished without widespread confusion, villainy, or violence.
	www.sagehistory.net /newrepublic/topics/1790spart2.htm (1533 words)

	NWC Review, Summer 2000: Fehlings (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Two provisions of Jay’s Treaty particularly incensed the French: first, the United States agreed to refrain from shipping the property of Britain’s enemies, or war contraband, such as armaments and naval supplies; and second, the United States gave British privateers the exclusive use of U.S. ports, contravening the exclusivity previously granted French privateers.
		At the Constitutional Convention of 1787, the framers had considered giving Congress the power to “make war.” Upon reconsideration, they changed “make war” to “declare war,” ostensibly to allow the president latitude to defend the nation from “sudden attack” and to “conduct” wartime operations.
		However, the fourth article of the convention specified that all captured ships not condemned as of its signing on 30 September 1800 were to be restored to their owners.
	www.nwc.navy.mil /press/Review/2000/Summer/art4-su0.htm (12958 words)

	Early Rubpublic Timeline (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Treaty of Mortefontaine restores normal diplomatic relations between France and the U.S., ending undeclared naval war.
		News of the New Orleans victory brings the Convention to an end, and the Convention will become an object of public derision, as well as an excuse to levy accusations of conspiracy and treason, thus hastening the demise of the Federalist party.
		Treaty of Ghent signed by American and British peace commissioners, ending the war of 1812 provides for release of prisoners and restoration of conquered territory, but does not resolve maritime issues.
	www.pinzler.com /ushistory/timeline3.html (1515 words)

	index
		He was elected to the National Convention 1792, where he carried on a long struggle with the right-wing Girondins, ending in their overthrow in May 1793.
		The National Convention was controlled with 371 deputies convened in the Tuileries Palace, Paris, on 20 Sep 1792, and after verification of powers proclaimed itself the National Convention.
		— The treaty of Pressburg was a treaty with Austria’s Roman Emperor Francis.
	www.geocities.com /paulandkashif/index (4935 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Quasi-War
		The pirates of the Mediterranean Sea caused the U.S. Congress in 1794 to begin building a navy for the protection of commerce.
		Captain Thomas Truxtun's insistence on the highest standards of crew training paid handsome dividends as the frigate Constellation won two victories over French men-of-war.
		The cutter Pickering made two cruises to the West Indies and captured ten prizes, one of which carried 44 guns and was manned by some 200 sailors, more than three times Pickering's strength.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Quasi_War (281 words)

	The French Revolution and the New American Republic, 1793-1803
		Jefferson argued that the treaties were concluded between nations and remained in effect regardless of changes in government.
		The Convention of Môrtefontaine, usually referred to as the Convention of 1800, was signed on October 1, 1800.
		On the same day the Convention of 1800 was signed, Napoleon secretly concluded the Treaty of Ildefonso with Spain for the retrocession of Louisiana.
	www3.sympatico.ca /gildore/sept21.htm (3774 words)

	General Discussion on American History Message Board
		The Constitutional Convention is often criticized for its secrecy, extra-legality, and the fact that its members were of the elite—hardly a good representation of the masses.
		The treaty aligned America with England, the to-be most powerful country in Europe and postponed any war with England until America was capable of fighting one.
		Treaties with hostile Indian"'"s were being negotiated, the British were taking troops off the Western territory, trade with Great Britain was helping the US economy immensely—war debts were being paid off much faster than before.
	mb.sparknotes.com /mb.epl?b=44&m=926432&t=275456&w=1 (9174 words)

	Promised Land, Crusader State
		Adams hoped the treaty would win a French "alliance," by which he meant de jure recognition of the United States: "I am not for soliciting any political connection, or military assistance or indeed naval, from France.
		I wish for nothing but commerce, a mere marine treaty with them." His purpose was not to reform world politics but to secure France's assistance without the Americans becoming pawns of French imperialism, as they had previously been pawns of the British.
		Conventional wisdom ridicules that notion, suggesting instead that the war was at best stupid and at worst an act of aggression inspired by War Hawks in Congress.
	partners.nytimes.com /books/first/m/mcdougal-promised.html (7746 words)

	American Machiavelli - Cambridge University Press (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Treaty of Alliance (Franco-American) of 1778, 50, 62, 108, 222
		Treaty of Amity and Commerce (Franco-American) of 1778, 62, 106, 108, 113, 117, 222
		Treaty of Peace (1783), 33, 47, 54, 66, 91, 94, 137, 141, 144, 158
	www.cup.cam.ac.uk /us/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=0521834856&ss=ind (1715 words)

	Biography of Talleyrand (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The treaty of Mortefontaine, the negotiations (1800) then the Treaty of Lunéville (1801) came about without his help.
		The Emperor's main goal at the meeting was to impede the alliance between Russia and Austria by strengthening the Treaty of Tilsitt.
		The Spanish princes were formally liberated under the terms of the Treaty of Valençay of December 11, 1813.
	www.talleyrand.org /english/biographie.html (2642 words)

	Convention of Mortefontaine ñ September 30,1800
		From 1798 to 1800, a type of undeclared maritime war existed between the two countries, with harassment and capture of commercial vessels.
		It was at Mortefontaine that I saw Napoleon for the first time Ö Seeing him surrounded with that prestige of grandeur, which imposes respect on all those who approached him, I did not suspect that one day I should be his familiar.
		On October 1, 1800, after the battle of Marengo, Napoleon obtained its return to France by the treaty of San Ildefonso.
	www.napoleonicsociety.com /english/Mortefontaine_eng.htm (2035 words)

	Pieces Of History
		Although there was a continuing campaign by various European and the American navies to suppress the piracy against Europeans by the North African Barbary states, the specific aim of this expedition was to free Christian slaves and to stop the practice of enslaving Europeans.
		Jewish practice is devoted to the study and observance of these laws and commandments, as they are interpreted according to various ancient and modern authorities.
		Judaism does not easily fit into conventional western categories, such as religion, ethnicity, or culture, in part because of its 4,000-year history.
	history.messengers.com.au (3049 words)

	Charles Morris (naval officer) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Treaty of Ghent (ratified in 1815) restored the status quo ante bellum between the combatants.
		The British Canadian colonies were lightly populated and poorly defended compared to the crowded American states to their south, and many of the settlers were Americans by birth and believed to remain sympathetic to the United States.
		In 1795 the Jay Treaty with Britain and the Treaty of Greenville with the North American Indians temporarily resolved the conflict on the western frontier; however, the Monroe-Pinkney Treaty of 1806 dealt only with trade, not impressment, and was not ratified by the United States Congress.
	charles.morris.naval.officer.en.reference.pl (8596 words)

	Relations with France
		France was displeased with the United States' refusal to honor the Franco America Alliance of 1778, and this displeasure deepened after the ratification of Jay's Treaty in 1795.
		The tension ultimately resulted in the Quasi War with France in 1797-1800 (quasi means "resembling" or "seeming").
		The result was the Convention of 1800 (or the Treaty of Mortefontaine), which ended the Quasi War by formally cancelling the alliance of 1778 and improving commercial relations between the two parties.
	www.u-s-history.com /pages/h462.html (366 words)

	Xyz Affair: Free Encyclopedia Articles at Questia.com Online Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The XYZ Affair, 1798 1800 151 Introduction...1740 until 1748, followed this minor affair.
		Dualist Constitutional Theory and the Republican Revolution of 1800
		The Election of 1800: A Study in the Logic of Political Change
	www.questia.com /library/encyclopedia/xyz_affair.jsp (1843 words)

	Napoleon
		By the Mortefontaine treaty of September 30, 1800, he ended the "near war" on the seas with the United States caused by the privateers' actions in the West Indies.
		Bonaparte also approved the treaty of Constantinople of March 21st 1800 which gave birth to an independant republic of the "Seven islands Reunited" (the Ionian islands), recognized vassal of the Porte, but where the Russian had the right to hold garrison.
		In connection with the Florence treaty, which authorized France to put garrisons in the harbors of Brindisi and Ancône belonging to the Naples Kingdom, the entire policy of Bonaparte had therefore been aimed at worsening the Anglo-Russian antagonism and to expel Great Britain from the Oriental part of the Mediterranean Sea.
	www.napoleon.org /en/reading_room/articles/files/napoleon_england_partI.asp (9900 words)

	European Broker Meeting (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Chateau de Mortefontaine (35 kms north of Paris - 15 mins from Charles de Gaulle airport) will be the venue of our convention.
		In 1800 the Treaty of Friendship between the US and France was signed by Emperor Napoleon 1st, General Lafayette and President Jefferson.
		The base of our meeting will be the lovely Chateau de Mortefontaine where on the 3rd of October 1800 the treaty of friendship between the US and France was signed by Emperor Napoleon 1st, General Lafayette and President Jefferson.
	www.mortefontaine.org (384 words)

	French Spoliation Claims Petition
		Unfortunately, this Treaty was viewed by the French as an attempt by the United States to choose sides in its battle with Great Britain.
		Relations between the United States and France continued to be hostile until the signing of the Convention of Mortefontaine on September 30, 1800.
		Finally, as part of the consideration for the Louisiana Purchase treaty, the United States government agreed to assume the responsibility for compensating its own citizens for these claims.
	www.e-legislativeaction.com /federal/french_spoliation/french_spoliation_claims_petition.htm (663 words)

	John Rodgers (naval officer, War of 1812): bio and encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		He was promoted to Captain 5 March 1799 and 3 months later took command of Maryland (Maryland: more facts about this subject).
		In March 1801 he transported the ratified Convention of 1800 (Treaty of Mortefontaine) (Convention of 1800 (Treaty of Mortefontaine): more facts about this subject), which ended the Quasi-War (Quasi-War: conflictquasi-war...
		His brilliant record fighting the corsairs won him appointment as Commodore of the Mediterranean Squadron (Mediterranean Squadron: the mediterranean squadron was part of the united states navy in the 1800s....
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /reference/john_rodgers_naval_officer_war_of_1812 (818 words)

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