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Topic: Convention of Constantinople

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	Population Exchange Convention, 1923
		The movable and immovable property belonging to persons who have already left the territory of the High Contracting Parties and are considered, in accordance with Article 3 of the present Convention, as being included in the exchange of populations, shall be liquidated in accordance with Article 9.
		The duties of the Mixed Commission shall be to supervise and facilitate the emigration provided for in the present Convention and to carry out the liquidation of the movable and immovable property for which provision is made in Articles 9 and l0.
		The expenses entailed by the maintenance and working of the Mixed Commission and of the organizations dependent on it shall be borne by the Governments concerned in proportions to be fixed by the Commission.
	www.hri.org /docs/straits/exchange.html (1769 words)

	Constantinople Convention of the Suez Canal - Wikisource
		Constantinople Convention of the Suez Canal - Wikisource
		The Convention of Constantinople was a treaty signed by Great Britain, Germany, Austro-Hungary, Spain, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Russia, and Turkey on March 2, 1888.
		Done at Constantinople, the 29th day of the month of October, in the year 1888.
	en.wikisource.org /wiki/Constantinople_Convention_of_the_Suez_Canal (1176 words)

	Legal provision: maritime law
		Thus the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 1982 treats a bay as a well-marked indentation whose penetration is in such proportion to the width of its mouth as to contain land-locked waters and constitute more than a mere curvature of the coast.
		Contiguous zone waters constitute a belt of sea, adjoining to the territorial waters of a coastal state which, according to United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 1982, may not extend beyond 24 nautical miles from the baseline from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured.
		Two of the sources of international law concerning the high seas are the Convention on the High Seas of 1958 and the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 1982.
	www.unesco.org /csi/act/russia/legalpro6.htm (5726 words)

	[No title]
		The convention provides regulations of police and toll duties on vessels and merchandise passing to and from the sea, through the Netherlands, and by the different ports of the upper states on the Rhine.
		A similar convention was made between the United States and France, and ratified at Washington, April 12, 1844; but the provision was extended to the crime of an attempt to commit murder, and to rape, and embezzlement by public officers, when the same is punishable with infamous punishment.
		The consular convention between France and this country, in 1778, allowed consuls to exercise police over all vessels of their respective nation, "within the interior of the vessels," and to exercise a species of civil jurisdiction, by determining disputes concerning wages, and between the masters and crews of vessels belonging to their own country.
	www.constitution.org /jk/jk_002.htm (14803 words)

	Al-Ahram Weekly \| Special \| Once more into the breach
		A convention was promptly signed in March 1863 between Ismail and de Lesseps, stipulating that the Egyptian government would take over the fresh water canal and the land along its banks from the company.
		The complacency that surrounded the rapid signing of the convention was eventually marred for Ismail by the belated realisation that the company had never owned the land along the fresh water canal, and which it had "sold" to the government so willingly.
		In 1888, the Convention of Constantinople was signed between Turkey and the European powers to guarantee the safe operation of the canal.
	weekly.ahram.org.eg /1999/456/special.htm (4225 words)

	CRITON G. TORNARITIS Q.C. - Books
		The Turks, who had captured Constantinople in 1453, invaded Cyprus with a powerful army in 1570 and, in spite of the defense put up by the Venetians, they captured Nicosia in the same year and in 1571 Famagusta fell after an heroic resistance of the Venetian commander Marcantonio Bragadino.
		The Archbishop was allowed to return to his seat at Nicosia from Soli and the bishops also returned to their sees-Kyrenia, Larnaca and Paphos, from the villages to which they had been posted by the Franks.
		In Cyprus the Archbishop, to whom a Berat was issued on his election outlining his secular powers, was considered as the Head of the " Rayas and their representative" and as such was responsible for imposing and collecting the taxes.
	www.delos.ro /tornaritis/3.htm (3276 words)

	IHS Syllabus Project: Seminar in the International Law and Organization
		Convention Instituting the Definitive Statute of the Danube, Paris, 23 July 1921, 26 LNTS 173-199.
		Convention Regarding the Regime of Navigation on the Danube, Belgrade, 28 August 1948, 33 UNTS 197-223.
		Convention Revising the Paris Convention of 20 March 1883, as revised, for the Protection of Industrial Property, Stockholm, 14 July 1967, TIAS 6923, 21 UST 1583 at pp.
	www.gmu.edu /departments/ihs/law/rubinict.htm (2208 words)

	International Extradition - McNabb Associates, P.C.
		This convention shall continue in force during five (5) years from the day of exchange of ratification; but if neither party shall have given to the other six (6) months' previous notice of its intention to terminate the same, the convention shall remain in force five years longer, and so on.
		The present convention shall be ratified, and the ratifications exchanged at Constantinople, within twelve (12) months, and sooner if possible.
		In witness whereof, the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed the present convention in duplicate, and have thereunto affixed their seals.
	www.usextradition.com /egypt_bi.htm (660 words)

	BYZANTIUM: Patriarchs of Constantinople: Dates
		In later Byzantine history the claim that the Patriarch of Constantinople was in lineal descent from Andrew, the first apostle, was promoted in contrast to the Roman claims of descent from Peter.
		In some cases the Greek form has been retained either dues to convention, or becuase the English equivalent is rare.
		Since canonization was long a haphazard affair in the Orthodox Church, the statuses and feasts of patriarchs before 1081 are taken from the Synaxarium of Constantinople as edited by Hippolyte Delahaye.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/byzantium/texts/byzpatcp.html (704 words)

	Suez Canal - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Great Britain, which had opposed the construction of the canal, became the largest shareholder in 1875 by purchasing the interest of the Egyptian khedive.
		The Convention of Constantinople signed in 1888 by all major European powers of the time declared the canal neutral and guaranteed free passage to all in time of peace and war.
		Great Britain was the guarantor of the neutrality of the canal; management was placed in the hands of the Suez Canal Company.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-suezc1ana.html (924 words)

	The Suez Canal presented in History section
		After being received in Constantinople by the Sultan Abdul-Aziz, she continued on to Port Said on board the imperial yacht, the ?Aigle?, arriving there on 16 November, 1869.
		She was greeted with gun salutes from the war ships which had come from all over the world.
		By international convention, the canal was open for ships of all nations.
	www.newsfinder.org /site/more/the_suez_canal (1013 words)

	Ben-Gurion Responds To Eisenhower
		Egypt claims that it was doing this on the basis of a state of war existing between it and Israel, although the Convention of Constantinople of 1888 says explicitly that freedom of navigation in the Canal is assured to all nations in times of peace and war.
		The Egyptian dictator violated the Constantinople Convention and the Security Council decision, and throughout these years not a single step was taken against this deliberate violation of international law and the U.N. Charter.
		For these reasons, the Government of Israel considers it essential that the U.N. Emergency Force should be stationed on the coast of the straits to safeguard freedom of navigation of Israel's shipping until peace is concluded with Egypt or until some other reliable and effective arrangement is made to this end.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/History/bgrep.html (3326 words)

	Sevres Treaty: Part III
		Nothing in Articles 57, 58 or 59 shall be deemed to limit the powers of a belligerent or belligerents acting in pursuance of a decision by the Council of the League of Nations.
		Any differences which may arise between the Powers as to the interpretation or execution of the provisions of this Section, and as regards Constantinople and Haidar Pasha of the provisions of Articles 335 to 344, Part XI (Ports, Waterways, and Railways) shall be referred to the Commission.
		In accordance with the provisions of Article 259, Part VIII (Financial Clauses), and Article 277, Part IX (Economic Clauses), of the present Treaty, Turkey accepts definitely the abrogation of the Brest-Litovsk Treaties and of all treaties conventions and agreements entered into by her with the Maximalist Government in Russia.
	www.hri.org /docs/sevres/part3.html (5443 words)

	Will Mid East Go West 3
		Instead of studying the terms of the treaties and conventions which the Egyptian President was held guilty of violating, the majority of American editorial writers, columnists and commentators of the right, left and center, spluttered with indignation and engaged in vituperation instead of argument.
		The Constantinople Convention, signed on October 29, 1888, by Great Britain, Germany, Austria, Hungary, Spain, France, Italy, the Netherlands and Turkey, made Egypt, not the Suez Canal Company, the guarantor of unhampered traffic through whatever agency she might designate to control the Canal.
		The Convention specifically states, in Article XII, that “the rights of Turkey as the territorial power are reserved,” thus preserving Egypt’s right of “eminent domain.” Nor did the Convention make any provision for the sanctity of the concession made to the Suez Canal Company.
	www.fredautley.com /wme3.htm (7342 words)

	(HIS,P) Denunciation by Austria-Hungary of Article XXV of the Treaty of Berlin
		This understanding was brought about by the Convention of Constantinople signed on April 21, 1870, which provided for the simultaneous presence of Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman garrisons in certain localities of the Sanjak.
		The Imperial and Royal Government ought, however, in order to realize these generous intentions, to regulate in a precise fashion the situation of these two provinces and to provide an effective guarantee against the dangers which would be able to menace the stability of the system established in 1878.
		The Cabinet of Vienna accordingly finds itself under the imperious necessity of freeing itself from the reserve contained in the Convention of Constantinople, and of recovering, with regard to Bosnia and Herzegovina, its complete liberty of action.
	www.zum.de /psm/div/osman/mowat27.php3 (542 words)

	The Treaty of Sevres 1920 - The treaty of peace between Allied Powers and Turkey -
		The maps, geodetic data, and surveys, even if unpublished, which are in the possession of the Turkish authorities must be delivered at Constantinople, within thirty days from the coming into force of the present Treaty, to such representative of the Commissions concerned as may be appointed by the principal Allied Powers.
		Subject to the provisions of the present Treaty, the High Contracting Parties agree that the rights and title of the Turkish Government over Constantinople shall not be affected, and that the said Government and His Majesty the Sultan shall be entitled to reside there and to maintain there the capital of the Turkish State.
		The navigation of the Straits, including the Dardanelles, the Sea of Marmora and the Bosphorus, shall in future be open, both in peace and war, to every vessel of commerce or of war and to military and commercial aircraft, without distinction of flag.
	www.geocities.com /iturks/html/documents_3.html (9684 words)

	The Annexation of Bosnia-Herzegovina, 1908
		On October 7 the Emperor-King announced to the inhabitants of the provinces his reasons for annexation.
		On October 8 the Porte protested to Vienna that the Treaty of Berlin and the convention of Constantinople could be altered only by the consent of the signatory parties.
		A Turkish boycott on Austrian goods caused such losses that on November 22 Pallavicini, ambassador of Austria-Hungary at Constantinople, promised concessions if the boycott was raised.
	www.mtholyoke.edu /acad/intrel/boshtml/bos127.htm (867 words)

	The Scurvy Dog's Logs
		The canal was opened for navigation in 1869 and engineered by the same Frenchman who began the work on the Panama Canal, which was finished by Americans and opened in 1913.
		By the Convention of Constantinople on Oct. 29, 1888, the Suez Canal was open to vessels of all nations and is free from blockades except during time of war.
		From 1956 to '57, it was closed due to the Suez Canal Crisis because of numerous sunken wrecks.
	www.bikernet.com /fiction/scurvydog8.asp (1270 words)

	The Avalon Project : Israel-Egypt Treaty
		They further undertake to take all the necessary measures for the application in their relations of the provisions of the multilateral conventions to which they are parties, including the submission of appropriate notification to the Secretary General of the United Nations and other depositaries of such conventions.
		Upon completion of the interim withdrawal any declaration of national emergency by a party under Article 89 of the Chicago Convention will not be applied to the other party on a discriminatory basis.
		The Parties further agree that a highway will be constructed and maintained between Egypt, Israel and Jordan near Eilat with guaranteed free and peaceful passage of persons, vehicles and goods between Egypt and Jordan, without prejudice to their sovereignty over that part of the highway which falls within their respective territory.
	www.yale.edu /lawweb/avalon/mideast/isregypt.htm (5304 words)

	The Imperial Attachment to the Suez Canal from 1914 to 1945
		These agreements led Britain to implement the 1888 Convention and conveyed a sense of world acceptance of their position in Egypt and along the canal.
		Also, the Ottoman attacks on the canal had invalidated the 1888 Convention and had demonstrated to Britain that action must be taken to preserve the free passage of the canal.
		MacDonald further stressed that the 1888 Convention was proven ineffective in 1914 when Britain had to take steps to ensure that the canal would remain open and that no British government would allow the closing of the Suez Canal.
	www.louisville.edu /a-s/history/pat/nuxichurch.htm (8198 words)

	Ukraine Info \| About Ukraine \| History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		It was under his reign that Kyiv's authority as the capital was once again increased, and the authority of the Kyiv Prince expanded to the major principalities, and other princes.
		It was by his initiative that the convention of princes was called to decide important affairs and disputable issues.
		In 1774, the Vienna troops occupied the whole territory of the land (in 1775 these gains of Austria were affirmed by the Constantinople convention).
	www.ukraineinfo.us /about/history.html (6035 words)

	History
		The United Kingdom acquired a controlling interest in the company when the debt-ridden khedive, Ismail Pasha, was forced to sell his holdings in 1875.
		In 1888 freedom of passage for all ships of all nations in peace and in war was guaranteed by the Convention of Constantinople, the United Kingdom guaranteeing those and its own rights to the canal after Egypt became independent in 1936.
		Israel, created in 1948, was, however, denied passage after the first of the Arab-Israeli Wars, although cargoes destined for Israel on non-Israeli ships were permitted in 1952-53, 1957-59, and after 1975.
	www.muslimtents.com /abdelazeem/History.htm (798 words)

	The Treaty of Trianon, June 4, 1920
		For the purposes of the provisions of this Section, the status of a married woman will be governed by that of her husband, and the status of children under 18 years of age by that of their parents.
		Hungary agrees, so far as she is concerned, to the termination of the régime of neutrality of the Grand Duchy of Luxemburg, and accepts in advance all international arrangements which may be concluded by the Allied and Associated Powers relating to the Grand Duchy.
		Hungary recognises, so far as she is concerned, that all treaties, conventions and agreements between the former Austro-Hungarian Monarchy and Siam, and all rights, title and privileges derived therefrom, including all rights of extra-territorial jurisdiction, terminated as from July 22, 1917.
	www.lib.byu.edu /~rdh/wwi/versa/tri1.htm (6364 words)

	Lessons of Suez and Iraq
		, and the Convention of Constantinople (1888) declared the canal a neutral zone under British 'protection'.
		They have suddenly discovered that their emails will be read, that their telephone calls will be monitored, that even the books that they borrow from libraries will be scrutinised.
		Now we have the strange phenomenon of the US Congress passing a bill about the extent to which suspects can be tortured, and empowering the president to set the limits to torture, in contravention of the Geneva Convention.
	www.payvand.com /news/06/dec/1034.html (3146 words)

	The Bulgarian Declaration of Independence, 1908. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		It therefore led to a period of acute tension, marked at times by considerable military preparation, between Bulgaria and Turkey and to a complicated negotiation.
		In the first phase of this negotiation Russia supported Turkey in a decided manner; Germany pursued a rather equivocal course; France and England used their influence at Constantinople to prevent war.
		Turkey, therefore, signed a convention at Constantinople, April 9, 1909, recognizing the independence of Bulgaria.
	www.mtholyoke.edu /acad/intrel/boshtml/bos129.htm (590 words)

	History of Bukovina, Dr. Sophie A. Welisch (publ 2002)
		With the Convention of Constantinople, by which the Sublime Porte ceded Bukovina to Austria, a new era dawned for this land between Orient and Occident.
		Western influence in Bukovina began in earnest with Austrian annexation of the territory through the Convention of Constantinople in 1775.
		Occupied by Austrian troops under Major General Gabriel Spleny during the Russo-Turkish War of 1768-74, Austria sought the territory in order to establish a cordon between the Dniester and the Moldova rivers.
	www.bukovinasociety.org /Welisch-2002-1.html (6629 words)

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