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	Convention of Peking - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Convention of Peking (Traditional Chinese: 北京條約; pinyin: Běijīng Tiáoyūe) (October 18, 1860), also known as the First Convention of Peking, was a treaty between the Government of the Qing-Dynasty of China and each of the three European powers, namely the United Kingdom, France, and Russia.
		Article 6 of the Convention between China and the United Kingdom stipulated that China was to cede a part of the Kowloon Peninsula, south of the present day Boundary Street, Kowloon, Hong Kong, including the Stonecutter's Island, in perpetuity to Britain.
		The Convention was signed as a result of the Second Opium War under military and diplomatic pressure of British and French troops (who were burning the Old Summer Palace at the time).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Convention_of_Peking (248 words)

	History of Tibet
		Further, Ch'ien Lung sent a golden urn from Peking and declared that future reincarnations of the Dalai Lama and other important lamas should be determined by putting the names of the candidates in it and extracting one at random in the presence of the Manchu Resident.
		Two more similar agreements, the Peking Convention of July 24, 1886 and the Calcutta Convention of March 17, 1890, were also repudiated by the Tibetans.
		On May 23, 1951 a Tibetan delegation, which had gone to Peking to hold talks on the invasion, was forced to sign the so-called "17-point Agreement on Measures for the Peaceful Liberation of Tibet", with threats of more military action in Tibet and by forging the official seals of Tibet.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/hi/History_of_Tibet.html (3079 words)

	Convention of Peking biography .ms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The Convention of Peking (October 18, 1860), also known as the First Convention of Peking, was a treaty between the Qing Government of China and the British Empire.
		Article 6 of the Convention stipulates that China was to cede a part of the Kowloon Peninsula, south of the present day Boundary Street, Hong Kong, and including the Stonecutters Island, in perpetuity to the Britian.
		As the Convention was signed as a result of the Second Opium War under the military and diplomatic pressures of British and Franch troops (which were burning the Old Summer Palace at the time), it was considered to be one of the unequal treaties by the Chinese side.
	www.biography.ms /Convention_of_Peking.html (112 words)

	HyperWar: International Military Tribunal for the Far East [Chapter 3]
		The Convention was, therefore, binding upon Japan before the beginning of the Russo-Japanese War on 10 February 1904 and at all relevant times mentioned in the Indictment, except in so far as it may have been superseded by the First Convention later adopted at The Hague on 18 October 1907.
		The effect of this clause, is, in strict law, to deprive some of the Conventions of their binding force as direct treaty obligations, either from the very beginning of a war or in the course of its as soon as a non-signatory Power, however insignificant, joins the ranks of the Belligerents.
		The Tenth Hague Convention agreed upon at the Conference at The Hague and signed on 18 October 1907 was the Convention for the Adaption to Naval War of the Principles of the geneva Convention of 6 July 1906.
	www.ibiblio.org /hyperwar/PTO/IMTFE/IMTFE-3.html (8032 words)

	Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory
		Under the convention the territories north of the Boundary Street and south of the Sham Chun River, and the surrounding islands, later known as the "New Territories" were leased to the United Kingdom for 99 years, and became part of the crown colony of Hong Kong.
		Much of the land under the convention comprises of the New Territories and remains rural.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Second_Convention_of_Peking (201 words)

	Chinese Cultural Studies: Concise Political History of China (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Peking Man was closely related to Pithecanthropus of Java and lived during the Old Stone Age.
		The Mongols returned and seized Peking in 1550, and their control of Turkestan and Tibet was recognized by the Ming in a peace treaty of 1570.
		The Chinese refusal to ratify the treaty led to an Anglo-French attack on Peking and the burning of the Summer Palace.
	academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu /core9/phalsall/texts/chinhist.html (16949 words)

	Picturing Hong Kong
		This forced transfer of sovereignty was one provision of the Treaty of Nanking (Nanjing) that followed China's defeat in the first Anglo-Chinese Opium War (1839\-42), a treaty usually described as the first in the series of "unequal treaties" that the Western powers and Japan imposed upon China between 1842 and 1919.
		Within twenty years, the 1860 Convention of Peking (Beijing) that concluded the second Opium War (1858\-60) led among other things to a further permanent cession of territory by China to Britain, this time of the Kowloon Peninsula, on the Chinese mainland opposite Hong Kong Island.
		No rent was provided for in this second Convention of Peking, in which Britain confined itself to taking a lease rather than outright possession in order to discourage competing foreign powers from seizing control over other Chinese territory.
	www.skycitygallery.com /hk/hk_1910.htm (3614 words)

	NEW TRAVEL AGE - Directory - Guide in China (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		By the Convention of 1898, the New Territories together with 235 islands were leased to Britain for 99 years from July 1, 1898.
		Although the lease applied only to the New Territories, the Chinese government had consistently maintained that the whole of Hong Kong was Chinese territory and considered that the question of the earlier Hong Kong-British agreements came under the category of unequal treaties and also required resolution.
		There ensued a period of often difficult negotiations between Hong Kong and Peking on the final wording of the document by which Hong Kong would be governed under Chinese sovereignty.
	www.newtravelage.com /info/asia/china/history/hong-kong.htm (1036 words)

	Hong Kong: A Brief History
		Peking demands all trade and importation cease, and all shipments be destroyed.
		England retaliates by declaring war against the Peking government for detaining opium smugglers who sailed under the Union Jack.
		June 9th, 1898 A. - The "Treaty Of Peking" establishes a 99 year lease with which England acquires what is known as "The New Territories," and 236 associated islands.
	victorian.fortunecity.com /durer/661/history.htm (1266 words)

	Hong Kong Travel Guide -
		When peace terms were drawn up in 1841 at the Treaty of Nanking, the Emperor of China agreed that Britain should have an insular trading base, but the name of the island was left blank until ratification in the following year, by which time Hong Kong was already a thriving British-run harbour.
		The Kowloon peninsula was ceded under the Convention of Peking in 1860, and in 1898 the New Territories were leased from China for 99 years.
		The British controlled Hong Kong from then - apart from a 4-year period during World War II when the territory was occupied by the Japanese - until the territory was handed back to the Chinese in July 1997.
	www.explore-hongkong.com /485/History.html (604 words)

	Facts About China
		In fact, by scholarly convention, when one uses Wade-Giles to spell out Chinese personal names in a text, one must use the 19th-century English postal spelling for well-known Chinese place names.
		For example, "Peking" is the old "postal" spelling for "Beijing." The Wade-Giles spelling of "Beijing" would be "Pei-ching," but scholarly convention demands "Peking" when one adopts Wade-Giles spelling for all personal names.
		The spelling "Chiang Kai-shek" has become so conventional that it is usually adopted even in texts that otherwise use Pinyin for all Chinese names, although recently the standard Pinyin spelling "Jiang Jieshi" has also begun to appear in some scholarly works.
	www.hwwilson.com /print/factschina_intro.htm (5481 words)

	Protected Areas Programme - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Policy and Legislation Hong Kong Island and the southern tip of Kowloon Peninsula were ceded by China to Britain after the Treaty of Nanking in 1842 and the Convention of Peking in 1860.
		Northern Kowloon was leased to Britain for 99 years by China in 1898 under the second Convention of Peking on 9 June 1898.
		International Activities The United Kingdom extended its ratification of the Convention on Wetlands of International Importance especially as Waterfowl Habitat (Ramsar Convention) to Hong Kong on 10 September 1979.
	www.unep-wcmc.org /sites/country/hkg.html (3259 words)

	Women Stealing the Show in Once All-Male Cantonese Opera \| Asian American Daily \| GoldSea (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Like Peking opera, the Cantonese version tells folk tales and historical anecdotes with elaborate face painting, glamorous period costumes and high-pitched falsetto singing.
		And while actresses are free to play either male or female parts depending on their interest and abilities, few men have the courage or ability to do the same under changing cultural and political environments.
		``The all-male troupe is a well-established convention in Peking opera, but after the Communist Party took over, its official policy was to discourage men from cross-dressing as women,'' Li said.
	goldsea.com /Asiagate/605/18opera.html (948 words)

	Political/Civilian Index for 1857-1876
		Its provisions were later confirmed by the Convention of Peking in 1860.
		Convention of Peking is signed between the Qing government of China, and Russia, England, and France.
		It was the result of the second Opium War and required China to give up territory to each of the other nations.
	www.russianwarrior.com /1860_polithist.htm (1098 words)

	Art Exhibition Online, Hong Kong, Viewing Room 3
		(Treaty of Nanking 1842 and Convention of Peking 1898)
		The main pages from the Convention, merged with the cover of the British Foreign Office document and the Chinese verification by chop of the agreed dates.
		The chop of the Emperor Kwang Hsü, blended with the brocade covering of the Chinese version of the Convention and Chinese text relating to conditions of the agreement and its Ratification.
	www.artasialink.com /pages/pix3.htm (262 words)

	Highlights for January 20
		In 1898, Britain was granted an additional 99 years of rule over Hong Kong under the Second Convention of Peking.
		In September 1984, after years of negotiations, the British and the Chinese signed a formal agreement approving the 1997 turnover of the island in exchange for a Chinese pledge to preserve Hong Kong's capitalist system.
		The press embraced the young, idealistic senator and his glamorous wife, Jackie, and Kennedy's father bought a 40-passenger Convair aircraft to transport the candidate and his staff around the country.
	twotrees.www.50megs.com /attic/history/01/20h.html (1386 words)

	IFFISO : Hong Kong Financial Services (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The British controlled Hong Kong from then - apart from a 4-year period during the Second World War when the territory was occupied by the Japanese - until the territory was handed back to the Chinese in July 1997.
		Hong Kong Island was ceded to Britain in 1842 by the Treaty of Nanking; and the Kowloon Peninsula (south of Boundary Street and Stonecutters Island) in 1860 by the Convention of Peking.
		The area of Boundary Street to Shenzhen River and a group of 260 islands, now known as the New Territories, were leased to Britain in 1898 for a period of 99 years.
	www.iffiso.com /hk.htm (741 words)

	Hong Kong Convention (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The Hong Kong Convention marked the first time Zonta International held a Convention in the Far East.
		The keynote speaker for this Convention was Corazon Acquino.
		Following the Convention, Mary led a tour of Zontians to China.
	www.marybazargan.com /hong_kong.htm (69 words)

	Art Exhibition Hong Kong, Convention of Peking 1898
		Looked at dispassionately however, the two countries had something in common; both empires had a government made up largely of aristocrats.
		The Convention of Peking is an extraordinary document because it represents old-guard China at the precise moment before China's history was set on an entirely different course, just before the coup which sparked the Boxer Rebellion.
		This in turn ultimately led to the downfall of the Ch'ing dynasty and imperial rule, when Sun Yat-Sen led his revolutionary party, the T'ung-meng Hui, to victory in 1911.
	www.artasialink.com /pages/peking.htm (515 words)

	MOFA: HONG KONG
		Britain acquired Hong Kong Island from China in 1842 under the Treaty of Nanking, and it acquired the tip of the Kowloon Peninsula (about 9.7 km2) from China in 1860 under the Convention of Peking.
		By the Second Convention of Peking in 1898, Britain acquired the New Territories and 235 adjacent islands under a 99-year lease.
		In September 1982 Britain and China began negotiations on the reassumption of Chinese sovereignty, and an agreement was reached in September 1984.
	www.mofa.go.jp /policy/economy/apec/1995/member/info/6.html (627 words)

	Tibet
		Because of this request, Lung sent a golden urn from Peking, declaring that future reincarnations of the Dalai Lama and any other important Lamas would be determined simply by putting names of candidates into the urn and then extracting a name at random while in the presence of a Manchu Resident.
		Therefore, on September 13, 1876, the Sino-British Chefoo Convention was held whereby Great Britain was granted the right to send an exploration mission into Tibet.
		Then in July of 1886 and March of 1890, two other agreements were signed, the Peking Convention and Calcutta Convention respectfully, both repudiated by Tibet.
	www.asianartmall.com /tibethistory.htm (1371 words)

	Charles George Gordon: Chinese Gordon: Gordon of Khartoum
		In 1860, he was in the company that captured Peking and it was Gordon who personally ordered the burning of the emperor’s summer palace.
		The Chinese emperor was obliged to admit defeat and signed a peace treaty, the Convention of Peking, allowing British trading rights and legalising Christianity in China.
		This treaty caused an upheaval in China and a revolt against the Ching dynasty.
	www.wardsbookofdays.com /28january.htm (460 words)

	Brudirect.com - Local News
		He is the first magician to open a magic concert in Korea and took part in the Jeff McBride Magic Show Tour in Korea.
		She won the EIMC Award in the 2003 Eddy International Magic Convention in Hong Kong.
		Her appearances included those at the 2001 International Communication Convention in Peking, China, 2002 Korea-Japan World Cup Magic Show and 2003 Korea National Track and Field's Competition Opening Show.
	www.brudirect.com /DailyInfo/News/Archive/Oct04/061004/nite23.htm (374 words)

	Convention Of Peking (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		We are redefining online shopping to a new level of elegance.
		Article 6 of the Convention between China and the United Kingdom stipulates that China was to cede a part of the Kowloon Peninsula, south of the present day Boundary Street, Kowloon, Hong Kong, and including the Stonecutter's Island, in perpetuity to the UK.
		The Convention was signed as a result of the Second Opium War under the military and diplomatic pressures of British and French troops (which were burning the Old Summer Palace at the time).
	www.seattleluxury.com /encyclopedia/entry/Convention_of_Peking (241 words)

	Harbor of Fragrance, Hongkong, Regent Tour China
		In 1841, at the end of the First Opium War with China, Hong Kong was officially ceded to Great Britain.
		In 1859, a British-French alliance sent troops to China to enforce the Convention of Peking, which ceded the Kowloon Peninsula and nearby Stonecutters Island to the British.
		In 1898, the British also gained a 99-year lease on the New Territories, which they felt essential to protect their interests on Hong Kong Island.
	www.regenttour.com /chinaplanner/hkg/hk-glance.asp (370 words)

	Timeline (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		(1860) Population 94,000; Kowloon and Stonecutters Island acquired from china under first Convention of Peking.
		(1898) Governor, Sir Henry Blake; New Territories leased from China under second Convention of Peking.
		(1898) New Territories leased to Britain under second Convention of Peking.
	www.mtholyoke.edu /~amduckwo/janice/Timeline1.html (625 words)

	Find in a Library: The Convention of Peking, 1898 : imperial diplomacy and colonial expansion.
		Find in a Library: The Convention of Peking, 1898 : imperial diplomacy and colonial expansion.
		The Convention of Peking, 1898 : imperial diplomacy and colonial expansion.
		WorldCat is provided by OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc. on behalf of its member libraries.
	worldcatlibraries.org /wcpa/ow/19fe2bc09fe4ba04a19afeb4da09e526.html (93 words)

	Hong Kong Travel Guide \| LukeTravels.com
		By the Treaty of Nanking in 1842, which ended the First Opium War, control of Hong Kong Island was ceded to Britain in perpetuity.
		In 1860, after a second conflict, Kowloon and Stonecutters Island were acquired under the1898 Convention of Peking, and the New Territories were acquired on a 99-year lease.
		Hong Kong did not really begin to develop into the leading trading center and dynamic economy it is today until after WWII and the Japanese occupation, when it became a place of sanctuary for those fleeing revolutionary changes in China.
	www.luketravels.com /hong-kong/history.htm (630 words)

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