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Topic: Convention on Conventional Weapons

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	Conventional weapon - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A conventional weapon is a weapon that does not incorporate chemical, biological or nuclear payloads.
		The phrase is a neologism, invented to describe the arsenal that existed before the other categories of weapons were heavily researched in the 20th century.
		The inverse of conventional weapons: ABC Weapons, NBC Weapons, CBRN and Weapons of mass destruction
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Conventional_weapon (144 words)

	Encyclopedia: Iraq and weapons of mass destruction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		A radiological weapon (or radiological dispersion device, RDD) is any weapon that is designed to spread radioactive contamination, either to kill, or to deny the use of an area (a modern version of salting the earth) and consists of a device (such as a nuclear or conventional explosive) which spreads...
		The use of it as a political device reached a crescendo with the 2002 Iraq disarmament crisis and the alleged existence of weapons of mass destruction in Iraq that became the primary justification for the 2003 invasion of Iraq.
		Weapons of mass destruction, especially nuclear weapons, are rarely used because their use is essentially an "invitation" for a WMD retaliation, which in turn could escalate into a war so destructive it could easily destroy huge segments of the world's population.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Iraq-and-weapons-of-mass-destruction (829 words)

	Arms Control Association: Fact Sheets: Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons (CCW) At a Glance
		Weapons that ignite fires or burn as a side effect are not subject to the protocol.
		CCW states-parties are currently debating and exploring negotiations on several other matters, including adding a compliance mechanism to better ensure that states-parties live up to their commitments and a provision to ban small-caliber bullets because they can cause major internal injuries by ricocheting or tumbling around inside a body.
		The agreement is formally known as the Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects.
	www.armscontrol.org /factsheets/CCW.asp (1048 words)

	Human Rights Watch Statement to the Convention on Conventional Weapons (CCW) Group of Governmental Experts, Geneva, ...
		Above all, the Convention is aimed at minimizing harm to civilians from warfare and weaponry.
		It is regrettable that the CCW is best known for what many States in this room called the outright failure of the negotiations on antipersonnel mines in 1995 and 1996.
		The CCW is in fact an important international instrument dealing with dum-dum bullets, incendiary weapons, antivehicle mines and blinding lasers.
	www.hrw.org /press/2002/12/ccwapii1203.htm (856 words)

	September 5, 2002: Review of Developments Regarding Conventional Weapons
		Thus, the expansion of the scope of application of the CCW, the most important IHL instrument dealing with conventional weapons, represents, I believe, something of a watershed in an important trend to reduce the distinction between international and non-international armed conflict for purposes of the rules governing the conduct of hostilities.
		In comparison to the 1970s, CCW Parties in 2001 were open to a change in the law requiring its application in non-international armed conflict once the necessary assurances were understood and expressly stated.
		On the contrary, the amendment of the Convention and the initiation of a Group of Governmental Experts to consider anti-vehicle landmines and ERW suggest that there is continuing interest in further protecting civilians in armed conflict and to do so in part through international legal instruments.
	www.us-mission.ch /ccw/050902solomon.htm (1768 words)

	Convention on Conventional Weapons (CCW)
		Protocol I of the Convention on Conventional Weapons (CCW) restricts fragmentation weapons, Protocol II restricts landmines, and Protocol III restricts incendiary weapons.
		The Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects -- the Certain Conventional Weapons Convention -- is also referred to as the Convention on Conventional Weapons (CCW) or the the Inhumane Weapons Convention (IWC).
		The CCW was concluded at Geneva on 10 October 1980, and entered into force on 02 December 1983.
	www.fas.org /nuke/control/ccw (509 words)

	CCC - Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons (CCW): History and Prospects (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		But increasing concerns about the use of certain conventional weapons that caused excessive injuries or had indiscriminate effects,[8] especially during the Korean War and Vietnam War, led to the understanding that the use of these kinds of weapons should be regulated.
		The convention specifies the basic rule that it is "prohibited to employ weapons, projectiles and material and methods of warfare of a nature to cause superfluous injury or unnecessary suffering."[13] This principle has often been misunderstood, or was viewed as being cynical, because of the fact that all war-related suffering per se is unnecessary.
		Bearing in mind that the CCW has been negotiated to be a dynamic treaty within which it would be possible to face new humanitarian challenges, very limited attention was given to the treaty during the 1980s because of the absence of a compliance mechanism and its non-applicability to internal conflicts.
	www.ccc.nps.navy.mil /rsepResources/si/mar03/wmd.asp (3021 words)

	December 14, 2000: Prepartory Conference for the CCW Review Conference, U.S. Statement
		It is, in part, similar to the language of Additional Protocol II to the Geneva Conventions and the 1999 Second Protocol to the 1954 Hague Convention on the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict.
		Frankly, we believe that expanding the scope of the Convention and all of its annexed protocols to apply in internal armed conflict will be a major contribution to international humanitarian law.
		Second, by amending the Convention itself, all Parties would be bound by the same substantive rule, once they accede to an amended Convention.
	www.us-mission.ch /ccw/1412cummings.htm (1833 words)

	Secretary-General Highlights "Eternal Humanitarian Principles Embodied by Conventional Weapons Convention, in ...
		Since the Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons was signed in 1980, enormous changes have occurred in the world’s geopolitical and security structures.
		With internal conflicts now claiming many more casualties than wars between States, and with small calibre weapons and explosive remnants of war continuing to cause avoidable deaths, injury and hardship, an expansion of the scope of the Convention to cover these issues is clearly warranted.
		The Convention's Amended Protocol II has an important role to play in addressing this issue, and I call on those countries that have not yet signed or ratified this instrument to do so without delay, joining the States parties that met yesterday in an effort to promote universal adherence to its provisions.
	www.unis.unvienna.org /unis/pressrels/2001/sgsm8076.html (478 words)

	UN Conference Reviews Conventional Weapons Convention
		Concerning weapons, AP I simply reiterated the basic rule of customary international law that conflicting parties are prohibited from using weapons, such as explosive ammunition and expanding dum dum bullets, which are capable of causing superfluous injury and unnecessary suffering to the victims.
		Rather, the issue of particularly inhumane conventional weapons, which should be distinguished from weapons of mass destruction such as atomic, biological, and chemical weapons (ABCs), was transferred to the UN after separate conferences with medical and military experts.
		The first article of this new Protocol IV initially declares, It is prohibited to employ laser weapons specifically designed, as their sole combat function or as one of their combat functions, to cause permanent blindness to unenhanced vision, that is to the naked eye or to the eye with corrective eyesight devices.
	www.wcl.american.edu /hrbrief/v3i2/unconf32.htm (1948 words)

	Presentation on U.S. Danish AV Mine Proposal
		The U.S./Danish proposal is not an amendment of the 1996 Amended Mines Protocol (AMP) of the Convention on Conventional Weapons (CCW); it is a proposal for a new CCW protocol on AV mines.
		There are a number of Ottawa state parties which have avoided the CCW entirely on the theory that the Ottawa Convention "superseded" the CCW which has been incorrectly regarded by some as dealing only with anti-personnel mines.
		The new protocol on AV mines, which would deal with a weapon unregulated under the Ottawa Convention, would provide a reason for such states to renew their consideration of the CCW.
	www.usmission.ch /ccw/usdan7.htm (228 words)

	China
		The Inhumane Weapons Convention (IWC) was opened for signature on 10 April 1981 and entered into force on 2 December 1983.
		Protocol I prohibits the use of any weapon whose primary effect is to cause injury with fragments that cannot be detected in the body with X-rays.
		China is a member of the Convention, having signed it on 14 September 1981, and deposited the Convention with the Secretary-General of the United Nations on 7 April 1982.
	www.nti.org /db/china/iwcorg.htm (626 words)

	Conventional Weapons (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The small arms and light weapons which are of main concern are those manufactured to military specifications for use as lethal instruments of war.
		The excessive and destabilizing accumulation and transfer of small arms and light weapons is closely tied to the increased number of internal conflicts and high levels of crime and violence.
		Conventional arms control ceased to be global and became regional arms control.
	disarm.igc.org /newconventional.htm (1698 words)

	Information Page on the CCW Treaty: US Delegation to the CCW
		Purpose The 1980 United Nations Convention on Conventional Weapons (CCW) regulates the use in armed conflict of certain conventional arms deemed to cause excessive suffering to combatants or indiscriminate harm to civilian populations.
		Background The CCW grew out of the 1974-1977 Diplomatic Conference that led to the adoption of the 1977 Additional Protocols to the Geneva Conventions of 1949, reflecting basic customary law concepts related to the methods and means of warfare.
		Incendiary Weapons -- Protocol III regulates the use of "any weapon or munition which is primarily designed to set fire to objects or to cause burn injury to persons.
	www.ccwtreaty.com (282 words)

	CCWC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons (CCCW) also known as the "Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions of the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May be deemed to be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects," entered into force in December 1983.
		The Convention and its initial three Protocols restrict or prohibit the use of various conventional weapons whose effects are deemed to be excessively cruel or which do not discriminate between legitimate and illegitimate (especially civilian) targets.
		The Ottawa Convention, formally titled the "Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti Personnel Mines and on Their Destruction," is a succinct instrument that obligates each state party to eliminate landmines from its arsenal and territory within a time bound framework.
	www.nawcwpns.navy.mil /~treaty/CCWC.html (702 words)

	ABCs of Disarmament: Conventional Weapons (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Although conventional weapons have been responsible for virtually all wartime deaths since the end of World War II, nuclear weapons have been the regular target of arms control efforts.
		Conventional arms -- weapons that kill a few people at a time such as rifles, pistols, land mines, and grenades; as opposed to weapons of mass destruction: nuclear, chemical and biological -- are coming under greater scrutiny as the worries over a potential nuclear war are replaced by concerns over actual conventional wars.
		The seven types of weapons covered by the Register were taken from the Conventional Forces in Europe Treaty (CFE), the most ambitious international attempt to eliminate conventional weapons.
	disarm.igc.org /Pconvabc.html (819 words)

	Landmines and Law- Canadian Red Cross
		In addition to the Ottawa treaty, Protocol II to the 1980 Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons (CCW) regulates the use and transfer of all landmines.
		Until the Ottawa treaty achieves universal adherence, then, the CCW is seen as the basic instrument in international law that has the ability to restrict the use of land mines by even the most powerful nations.
		In accordance with Article 15, the treaty was open for signature from 3 to 4 December 1997 at a specially convened conference in Ottawa, Canada and thereafter at the UN headquarters in New York.
	www.redcross.ca /article.asp?id=002075&tid=011 (1234 words)

	MSF-USA: Refugee Camp Project - Learn More: Landmines (general information) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		On October 10, 1980, the Convention on Prohibitions of Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May be Deemed to be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects (known as the Convention on Conventional Weapons) was adopted, under the auspices of the UN.
		The Protocol, as a convention that regulates the laws of armed conflict, establishes the rules for the use of mines but it does not forbid their use.
		Originally, belligerents' respect for the obligations under the 1980 Convention on Conventional Weapons and Protocols, and other humanitarian law rules governing methods of warfare, was based on the principle of reciprocity rather than on punishment.
	www.refugeecamp.org /learnmore/landmines/dictionary.htm (2324 words)

	[No title]
		This Convention is subject to ratification, acceptance or approval by the Signatories.
		Each of the Protocols annexed to this Convention shall enter into force six months after the date by which twenty States have notified their consent to be bound by it in accordance with paragraph 3 or 4 of Article 4 of this Convention.
		It is prohibited in all circumstances to direct weapons to which this Article applies, either in offence, defence or by way of reprisals, against the civilian population as such or against individual civilians.
	fletcher.tufts.edu /multi/texts/BH790.txt (1993 words)

	Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions of the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions of the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons
		In 1980 there was a UN "Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions of the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects."
		Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions of the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects from the UN.
	www.doublestandards.org /ccw.html (335 words)

	Text of the Amended Mine Protocol
		Weapons to which this Article applies shall strictly comply with the standards and limitations specified in the Technical Annex with respect to each particular category.
		It is prohibited in all circumstances to direct weapons to which this Article applies, either in offence, defence or by way of reprisals, against the civilian population as such or against individual civilians or civilian objects.
		(b) such weapons are cleared before the area is abandoned, unless the area is turned over to the forces of another State which accept responsibility for the maintenance of the protections required by this Article and the subsequent clearance of those weapons.
	www.ccwtreaty.com /amendedmineprotocol.htm (4807 words)

	Disarmament Diplomacy: - Inter-American Convention on Transparency in Conventional Weapons
		The Convention will make it easier for countries in the region to evaluate their security situation, and will discourage unnecessary acquisitions of conventional weapons.
		This Convention grew out of an OAS resolution adopted at the 1997 General Assembly that stipulated that the OAS would consider the desirability of a legal framework to provide advance notification of major arms acquisitions covered by the United Nations (UN) Register of Conventional Arms.
		With the Convention in place, countries in the region will be better able to evaluate their security situation in an environment that allows democratic governments to maintain and modernize defense forces without triggering suspicions that could lead to an arms race.
	www.acronym.org.uk /dd/dd38/38trans.htm (689 words)

	U.S. Seeks to Strengthen Convention on Conventional Weapons (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Geneva -- The United States has put forward a set of proposals to improve the Convention on Conventional Weapons (CCW), the treaty that governs the use of weapons such as mines and booby traps that the international community has deemed to be excessively injurious, especially to civilian populations.
		The CCW serves as a kind of umbrella treaty for a series of protocols on specific categories of weapons.
		It does matter that the most important convention on conventional weapons, will, in the Convention itself, have a clear provision on scope, i.e., extension to non-international armed conflicts, which of course is the critical issue in international humanitarian law today.
	www.usembassy.it /file2001_04/alia/a1040304.htm (2150 words)

	Second Review Conference of the Convention on Conventional Weapons (Human Rights Watch Statement, December 31, 2001)
		Memorandum For Convention on Conventional Weapons (CCW) Delegates
		There are clearly many factors to consider, from the question of the reliability of weapons technologies themselves, to selection of certain weapons in warfare, to their use in areas where civilians live or work, to the adequacy of wartime records and post-war clean-up, among others.
		These weapons are particularly pernicious because they are both hidden killers, highly volatile to human contact, generally appearing in large numbers, with indiscriminate effects.
	www.hrw.org /backgrounder/arms/ccw1201.htm (918 words)

	DTIRP Treaty Information Center (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The use of non-air-delivered weapons under the same circumstances is allowed in cases where the military target is clearly separated from the surrounding civilian population.
		States Parties to the CCW are required not only to sign and ratify the Convention but also to consent to be bound by at least two of the Protocols.
		The United States signed the CCW in 1982, ratified the Convention on March 24, 1995, and gave its consent to be bound by Protocols I and II in 1995.
	dtirp.dtra.mil /tic/tic_ccw.htm (1371 words)

	Banning antipersonnel mines, Landmine Monitor Report 2004
		In December 2001, States Parties to the CCW agreed to expand the scope of the CCW to apply to internal as well as international armed conflicts; by 1 October 2004, 35 had ratified this amendment to Article 1 of the Convention.
		This ban is directly attributable to the mine ban movement and the stigma attached to the weapon, the unilateral actions of key countries, and the subsequent implementation of the Mine Ban Treaty.
		Within the context of the CCW, Germany and the United Kingdom made statements in 2003 and 2004 supporting the view that mines equipped with tilt rod, tripwire, and breakwire fuzes are inappropriate and cannot be designed in a way to prevent detonation by a person.
	www.icbl.org /lm/2004/intro/banning (13960 words)

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