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Topic: Convergent synthesis

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		Synthesis of a dimeric Lewis antigen and the evaluation of the epitope specificity of antibodies elicited in mice.
		Two-directional, convergent synthesis of a pentasaccharide that is involved in the hyperacute rejection response in xenotransplantation from pig to man. J.
		Synthetic carbohydrate-based vaccines: Synthesis of an L-glycero-D-manno-heptose antigen-T-epitope-lipopeptide conjugate.
	www.ccrc.uga.edu /~gjboons/boons/Publications.htm (2642 words)

	Convergent synthesis of branched and multiply connected macromomolecular structures - Patent 5571677
		Synthesis of Oligonucleotide Clamp having 3' and 5' Cholesterol Binding Moieties for pol and nef genes of HIV
		Synthesis of Comb-Type Branched Polymer Having 3' Termini
		Synthesis Of a Comb-Type Branched Polymer With Biotinylated Branches
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5571677.html (8477 words)

	Olericulture - References 3097 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Convergence of afferent inputs from the chorda tympani, lingual-tonsillar and pharyngeal branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve, and superior laryngeal nerve on the neurons in the insular cortex in rats
		Convergence of insular dwarfism in damselflies euphaea and dobsonflies protohermes
		Convergence of trigeminal input with visceral and phrenic inputs on primate C1-C2 spinothalamic tract neurons
	olericulture.org /003/096/index.html (12647 words)

	Sylvain Lebreton- Solid Phase Dendrimer Synthesis
		Divergent synthesis, first reported by Vögtle for the synthesis of poly(propyleneimine) dendrimers, was based on the successive attachment of branching units to the core molecule.
		Convergent synthesis is another strategy, which involves the synthesis of dendrimeric fragments followed by their subsequent addition to the core.
		Synthesis, based on the attachment of cyanuric chloride onto a Marshal-type safety catch linker, followed by successive aromatic nucleophilic substitutions and linker activation prior to nucleophilic cleavage was investigated and optimized through solution and solid-phase studies (Scheme 2).
	www4.utsouthwestern.edu /jdebralab/dendrimer.htm (1021 words)

	Organic synthesis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In a linear synthesis there is a series of steps which are performed one after another until the molecule is made- this is often adequate for a simple structure.
		For more complex molecules, a convergent synthesis is often preferred.
		The "father" of modern organic synthesis is regarded as Robert Burns Woodward, who received the 1965 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for several brilliant examples of total synthesis such as his 1954 synthesis of strychnine
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Organic_synthesis (830 words)

	Education Resources » Convergent synthesis
		In chemistry a convergent synthesis is a strategy that aims to improve the efficiency of multi-step chemical synthesis.
		Convergent synthesis is applied in the synthesis of complex molecules (see total synthesis) and involve fragment coupling and independent synthesis.
		Convergent Synthesis of Internally Branched PAMAM Dendrimers Michael Pittelkow, Jrn B. Christensen Org.
	www.thecatalyst.org /resource/2006/04/21/Convergent-synthesis (137 words)

	University of Rochester Chemistry Department - Publications of Professor Robert K. Boeckman
		Synthesis and Reactivity of Endocyclic a,b Epoxy-g-Butyrolactones: R. Boeckman, Jr.
		Synthesis of the Macrocyclic Subunit of Ikarugamycin, R. Boeckman, Jr.
		Synthesis of (-) Methyl Ydiginate and the Tetramic Acid Subunit for Streptolidigin, R. Boeckman Jr, J. Potenza, and E. Enholm J.
	www.chem.rochester.edu /~rkb/rkbpublications (2380 words)

	Publications
		Synthesis of the Sarpagan Skeleton-Total Synthesis of the Indole Alkaloids (+)-Geissoschizine
		Synthesis of a Modified Phospholipid and Its Evaluation as a Substrate for Phospholipase C (B.
		"Ring-Closing Olefin Metathesis for the Synthesis of Nitrogen
	research.cm.utexas.edu /smartin/publications.htm (2701 words)

	intas 94-4606 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		A comparison of the efficiency of the convergent and the divergent approaches, both from a synthetic point of view and with respect to the properties of corresponding target dendritic carbohydrates, is one of the important goals of this research.
		Both modification of preformed dendrimers with biologically-active carbohydrates and the convergent construction of dendritic systems incorporating saccharide residues affords new and simple approaches to high-molecular weight compounds which may be considered as neoglycoconjugates with perfectly symmetrical structures.
		Synthesis and biological eveluation of andalpha;-D- mannopyranoside-containing dendrimers.
	www.intas.be /catalog/94-4606.htm (618 words)

	Recent Group Publications
		"Synthesis of the C1-C13 Fragment of Leucascandrolide A" Crimmins, M.T.; Carroll, C.A.; King, B.W. Org.
		"Synthesis and Intramolecular Photocycloadditions of 2-Acyloxy-3-Hexenoyl Cyclohexenones:Diastereoselectivity in the Intramolecular [2+2] Photocycloadditions of Alkenes and Cyclohexenones Tethered by Four Atoms" Crimmins, M.T.; Watson, P.S.; King, B.W.; Guise, L.E. Tetrahedron 1997, 53, 8963-8974.
		"Synthesis of the Spiroketal Fragment of Avermectin B1b", Crimmins, M.T.; O'Mahony, R. Tetrahedron Lett.
	www.unc.edu /depts/mtcgroup/publications.html (1327 words)

	New Synthesis Method Produces Potential Treatment For Cocaine Addiction, Other Potent Biological Compounds (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The method is based on a convergent synthesis strategy, an extremely efficient synthesis method where two large structural components are brought together to create a compound.
		This approach makes it possible to control the synthesis of a wide range of biologically important compounds with specific chemical structures, that, until now, could not be synthesized efficiently in the laboratory.
		One of the most biologically active groups of compounds to which the new synthesis method is being applied are the tropanes, which show very high selectivity in their interaction with various regions of the brain.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/1996-08/UaB-NSMP-270896.php (604 words)

	Philip L. Fuchs - Research - SVVS - Pub
		Synthesis of Chiral Cytochalasin C Intermediate Via an Intramolecular Diels-Alder Reaction of a Chiral Z Diene.
		Triply-Convergent Synthesis of a Homochiral 3,3-Dimethyl, 15-Cyclohexyl Prostacyclin Analog.
		Synthesis of the Bicyclic Ketopyrrole Core of the 1-Azafulvene Roseophilin.
	www.chem.purdue.edu /fuchs/Research/SVVS/PubSVVS.html (1277 words)

	Convergent Capital
		Convergent provided capital for a change of ownership for Kinsman Capital's acquisition of Drawer Box Specialties in January of 2005.
		Convergent provided $2.5 million in growth capital for the continued development of communities in March of 2001.
		Convergent, in participation with four other mezzanine funds, provided $14.3 million in financing for Chicago Venture Partners acquisition of Pulse in June of 2004.
	www.cvcap.com /portfolio.html (854 words)

	Palladium catalyzed alkylative cyclization useful in synthesis of vitamin D and analogues - Patent 5292977
		Thus, a preferred synthesis is of Vitamin D analogues having a side chain R.sub.1 where a substantially geometrically pure first precursor having the structure ##STR1## and a second precursor are provided, the second precursor being a 1,7 enyne.
		Accordingly, a simple convergent strategy that can readily be adopted for the synthesis of many Vitamin D analogues, particularly those with differing side chains, would be useful to prepare compounds that are presently clinically useful, as well as analogues for potential clinical uses in this rapidly developing field.
		The simple convergent strategy illustrated by Reaction (2) can readily be adopted for the synthesis of many of the hydroxylated Vitamin D analogues which differ in the side chain through Grundmann's ketone analogues.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5292977.html (4804 words)

	Southampton Chemistry \| Research Profiles \| Professor Richard Whitby \| 4
		An example is the convergent route to functionalised allylmetallic 2[1] and alkenylmetallic 3[2] species which may be further elaborated.
		A convergent synthesis of 2-cyano-1,3-dienes, Kasatkin, A. N.; Whitby, R. Tetrahedron Lett.
		A convergent regiospecific synthesis of zirconium enolates, Kasatkin, A.; Whitby, R. Tetrahedron 2003, 59, 9857-9864.
	www.chem.soton.ac.uk /research/profiles/organic/whitby/whitby4.htm (187 words)

	BSP :: Letters in Organic Chemistry Home Page
		Influence of numerous parameters (solvent, base, coupling reagent) in the coupling of conjugated carboxylic acid with methyl ester amino acids hydrochloride, allowing the synthesis of various substituted amino acid derivatives, has been investigated and is illustrated in the synthesis of natural trans-clovamide.
		A novel and efficient synthesis of 4-substituted 2-oxazolidinones that utilizes Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation of O-allylcarbamates and further intramolecular cyclization as key steps is described.
		A simple and general method for the synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2 (1H)-ones and thiones with high yields (90-95%) and shorter reaction times (45-90 min.) by applying Biginelli reaction using sulphamic acid as catalyst is developed.
	www.bentham.org /loc/contabs/loc2-7.htm (1373 words)

	2005 Greener Synthetic Pathways Award \| Presidential Green Chemistry Challenge \| US EPA
		This innovative and convergent synthesis assembles the complex target in three highly atom-economical steps using four fragments of comparable size and complexity.
		In contrast, the new synthesis incorporates a chiral alcohol as a feedstock; this alcohol is itself synthesized in a catalytic asymmetric reaction.
		The alternative synthetic pathway for the synthesis of aprepitant as discovered and implemented by Merck is an excellent example of minimizing environmental impact while greatly reducing production costs by employing the principles of green chemistry.
	www.epa.gov /gcc/pubs/pgcc/winners/gspa05_2.html (589 words)

	Research
		We plan to implement a new strategy for the synthesis of the reactive core by a one-step transannular cyclization of a 12-membered ring precursor.
		We are now involved in efforts to adapt our synthesis for the incorporation of a radiolabel into the synthetic material to conduct mechanism of action studies in vivo.
		One goal of this project is to prepare large numbers structural analogs by solid-phase synthesis, an exciting prospect given the potency of known members of the saframycin family in anticancer screens.
	www-chem.harvard.edu /groups/myers/research.htm (1197 words)

	University of Rochester Chemistry Department - Publications of Professor Robert K. Boeckman
		Synthesis and Reactivity of Endocyclic a,b Epoxy-g-Butyrolactones: R. Boeckman, Jr.
		Synthesis of the Macrocyclic Subunit of Ikarugamycin, R. Boeckman, Jr.
		Synthesis of (-) Methyl Ydiginate and the Tetramic Acid Subunit for Streptolidigin, R. Boeckman Jr, J. Potenza, and E. Enholm J.
	chem.chem.rochester.edu /~rkb/rkbpublications (2380 words)

	TSRI - News and Publications
		In designing a synthesis for a novel natural product, we often think about how the structure might have been created naturally, and we study the chemical feasibility of structural transformations that may have counterparts in the biogenesis of the product.
		Our successful synthesis of FR182877 provided a chemical rationalization of its molecular structure and was the first report of a double transannular Diels-Alder reaction.
		In collaboration with B. Cravatt, Department of Cell Biology, we are using chemical synthesis to create novel biotinylated affinity agents that react with the active members of particular families of biochemically important proteins.
	www.scripps.edu /news/sr/sr2002/chm11.html (467 words)

	BASF Group: Synthesis of Astaxanthin
		Despite the complex synthesis route, planning and construction of the production plants began after only five years of process development.
		Although it is BASF policy wherever possible to replace chemical synthesis with fermentation for the manufacture of natural substances (an example is vitamin B2), fermentative processes are not always effective enough to take the place of a complex chemical synthesis for full-scale production.
		Therefore, no steric control is required in the synthesis of the chirality centers.
	www.corporate.basf.com /en/innovationen/labors/wirk_effektstoffe/wirk_effekt/astaxanthin.htm?id=V00-3Y-b*8bCcbcp0l0 (330 words)

	Center for Streamlined Synthesis - Boston University
		In addition, the development of catalysts and reagents for the rapid, parallel synthesis of enantio-enriched compounds in solution phase will be investigated.
		Convergent Combinatorial Synthesis of Complex Molecules: The majority of parallel synthesis strategies that are being performed currently utilize linear synthesis sequences.
		A major impetus for the development of novel streamlined synthesis approaches and reagents will be their application in the convergent synthesis of complex natural-product like molecules.
	www.bu.edu /css/projects.htm (417 words)

	Dendritic NanoTechnologies-Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The branches play a key roll in defining the chemical environment and void spaces of the interior of the dendrimer.
		convergent synthesis- The method of dendrimer synthesis where branches are synthesized and then brought together to make higher generations and finally attached to a core.
		divergent synthesis- The method of dendrimer synthesis where branches are synthesized from the core outward in successive generations
	dnanotech.com /glossary.php (279 words)

	Steps Toward Molecular Manufacturing
		As diamondoid materials put many constraints on their synthesis procedure because they are so highly cross-linked and have such a high bond-density, they probably will have to be synthesized with highly reactive carbon species such as radicals and carbenes, and in a local high vacuum, which are conditions rather far from ordinary laboratory chemistry.
		So in order to facilitate the boot-strapping process, the first primitive assembler which is able to self-replicate, should be constructed using less dense materials, more comparable to the polymeric species which are traditionally dealt with by liquid-phase chemistry.
		Many techniques like convergent synthesis and convergent self-assembly will have to be applied in well thought out ways to be able to construct a properly functioning molecular aggregate this large.
	www.n-a-n-o.com /nano/cda-news/cda-news.html (778 words)

	Nov. 21, 1996-Vol28n13: Discovery may aid cocaine treatment (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The method is based on a convergent synthesis strategy, an extremely efficient method where two large structural components are brought together to create a compound.
		This approach makes it possible to control the synthesis of a wide range of biologically important compounds that, until now, could not be synthesized efficiently in the laboratory.
		One of the most biologically active groups of compounds to which the new synthesis method is being applied are the tropanes, which show very high selectivity in their interaction with various regions of the brain.
	www.buffalo.edu /reporter/vol28/vol28n13/n2.html (423 words)

	Samuel Danishefsky
		On the basis of our long-term involvement in the arena of carbohydrate and glycopeptide total synthesis, we reasoned that if the considerable powers of chemical synthesis were brought to bear on this problem in a principled and focused fashion, it might be possible to gain access to fully synthetic, homogeneous erythropoietin.
		Given the fact that synthesis is often the only mechanism by which to access meaningful quantities of natural products for further biological investigation, a major focus of our laboratory is the total synthesis of natural products with known anticancer activity.
		In addition, the synthesis has been developed such that it is highly amenable to the preparation of structurally related analogs.
	www.columbia.edu /cu/chemistry/fac-bios/danishefsky/faculty.html (3532 words)

	Synthesis of 3,5-disubstituted 2-aminopyrazines by Pd-mediated cross-couplings and its use for preparing chemi- and/or ...
		Synthesis of 3,5-disubstituted 2-aminopyrazines by Pd-mediated cross-couplings and its use for preparing chemi- and/or bioluminescent compounds
		Synthesis of 3,5-disubstituted 2-aminopyrazines by palladium-mediated cross-couplings and its use for preparing chemi- and/or bio-luminescent compounds
		We have investigated convergent synthesis in order to prepare imidazopyrazinones with different luminescent properties such as colour of luminescence.
	www.ch.ic.ac.uk /ectoc/echet96/papers/055 (247 words)

	Connection between metalation of pyridines and cross-coupling strategies for the synthesis of aza-carbazoles and ...
		The approach is based on a convergent methodology which involves such reactions as metalation, hetero-ring cross-coupling and cyclization.
		a general and highly convergent synthesis of the four parent carbolines 4 based on metalation and cross-coupling reactions followed by a cyclization (Scheme 1).
		In the next step of the synthesis (4-pyridyl)borane (31b) as well as 4-iodopyridines (31c-h) were used for the synthesis of benzo[c]-2,7-naphthyridines.
	www.ch.ic.ac.uk /ectoc/echet96/papers/047/index.htm (1767 words)

	UB - Organic Chemistry - Peptides (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Over the last few years we have developed new methods for the solid-phase synthesis of peptides based on new solid supports, coupling reagents and protection schemes that would allow peptides having difficult sequences and/or sterically hindered amino acids such as uteroglobin (image seen on the left) or cyclosporin to be prepared.
		Synthesis and Applications of a New Base-Labile Fluorene Derived Linker for Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis.
		Unequivocal Synthesis and Characterization of a Parallel and an Antiparallel Bis-Cysteine Peptide.
	www.qo.ub.es /WEB10p/home.eng.html (2215 words)

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