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	Cabal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A cabal is a number of persons united in some close design, usually to promote their private views and interests in a church, state, or other community by intrigue.
		Cabals are secret organizations composed of a few designing persons; a political cabal is often called a junta.
		One recent example of the use of the word Cabal came in an accusation by former Secretary of State Colin Powell's chief of staff, Lawrence Wilkerson, who claimed that the Bush administration's foreign policy is run by a "Cheney-Rumsfeld cabal" (See [1]).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cabal (448 words)

	Station Information - Thomas Conway
		Conway was born in Ireland on February 27, 1734, but educated in France.
		Conway commanded the leading brigade on the American right flank at the Battle of Germantown, and was justly praised for his actions.
		Conway later returned to the French Army and served as governor of French colonies in India.
	www.stationinformation.com /encyclopedia/t/th/thomas_conway.html (312 words)

	The Conway Cabal
		George Washington learned of a letter written by Conway to Gates that called him a weak general; he learned of anti-Washington talk in Congress; and he was aware of broadsides, letters, and talk questioning his abilities.
		Thomas Conway's name will forever be linked to the criticism of Washington due to his conspicuous attacks on the General.
		Thomas Conway was transferred to a subordinate command in the Hudson Highlands.
	www.ushistory.org /march/other/cabal.htm (1825 words)

	Encyclopedia: Conway (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Conway is a national park in Queensland (Australia), 911 km northwest of Brisbane.
		The mathematician John Conway has given his name to a number of his discoveries John Horton Conway (born December 26, 1937, Liverpool, England) is a prolific mathematician active in the theory of finite groups, knot theory, number theory, combinatorial game theory and coding theory.
		Conway chained arrow notation, created by mathematician John Conway, is a means of expressing certain extremely large numbers.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Conway (981 words)

	Conway Cabal. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Thomas Conway, personally irritated with Washington, wrote a letter to Gates severely criticizing Washington.
		James Wilkinson of Gates’s staff quoted to William Alexander (Lord Stirling) a phrase purportedly from this letter, and Alexander repeated it to Washington, who sent the quotation to Gates without comment.
		As it turned out, the much-quoted phrase was not in Conway’s letter at all, and his name has been unfairly used to designate the cloudy scheme.
	www.bartleby.com /65/co/ConwayCa.html (201 words)

	âBeWare of Your Board of Warâ : Historical Society of Pennsylvania
		Conway, who at first seemed to be an asset to the American cause, soon became a thorn in Washingtonâs side by maneuvering to attain rank above that of other French and American officers.
		Conway finally lost all respect by submitting the resignation of his commission to Congress, then changing his mind.
		Organized cabal or individuals with separate complaints, the intrigues of the pivotal winter of 1777â“1778 were significant enough to pique the interest of everyone from schoolchildren to scholars ever since.
	www.hsp.org /default.aspx?id=493 (1757 words)

	The American Revolution, Vol. 2
		After the fall of the cabal, no more deadly stab could be dealt to the reputation of any man than to insinuate that he had given it aid or sympathy; and there is good ground for believing that such reports concerning Adams were industriously circulated by unscrupulous partisans of the angry Hancock.
		Conway, who stayed behind, became indignant with Congress over some fancied slight, and sent a conditional threat of resignation, which, to his unspeakable amazement, was accepted unconditionally.
		As the defeat of the Conway cabal marked the beginning of the decline of Congress, it marked at the same time the rise of Washington to a higher place in the hearts of the people than he had ever held before.
	www.usgennet.org /usa/topic/revwar/book2/chap9.html (5109 words)

	Brigades
		During the winter of 1777-1778, Conway was implicated in a plot to replace Washington as Commander-in-Chief of the American Army with General Horatio Gates.
		On December 13, 1777, Conway was promoted to Major General, but his embroilment in the so-called "Conway Cabal" convinced Congress to keep him from an active command.
		Conway tried to bluff Congress into assigning him to a field command by threatening to resign, but Congress called his bluff by accepting his resignation on April 28, 1778.
	valleyforgemusterroll.org /BIOs.htm (5452 words)

	AmericanHeritage.com / Magazine
		Washington was not impressed with Conway’s performance at Germantown and even considered courtmartialing him, according to another young aide, John Laurens, because Conway was “a considerable time separated from his brigade.” Conway further disenchanted his admirers by lecturing them on what the great Frederick would have done had he been in the untutored Americans’ place.
		Conway complained of a coldness “as I never met with before from any general during the course of thirty years in a very respectable army.” In sparkling candor Washington shot back to Congress: “If General Conway means, by cool receptions.
		Conway himself he dismissed as “a lost child.” Lafayette was quick to point out to Washington that Conway was not really French—but “an irishman.
	www.americanheritage.com /articles/magazine/ah/1995/1/1995_1_84.shtml (3446 words)

	Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia you can trust!
		Although regarded as a skillful disciplinarian of infantry, Conway was refused promotion to major general—largely due to the opposition of George Washington, who believed that there were older officers more deserving of the rank.
		Although Conway himself played a minor role in the conspiracy, the entire event has been called the Conway Cabal.
		In 1778 Conway intrigued to be named second in command to Lafayette during an expedition to Canada, but Lafayette refused to go along with the plan.
	www.britannica.com /ebc/print_toc?tocId=9026100 (352 words)

	Conway Cabal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Conway Cabal refers to a conspiracy in late 1777 and 1778 designed to remove GeorgeWashington as commander of the Continental Army during the Revolutionary War.
		It was named after BrigadierGeneral Thomas Conway, whose letters criticizing Washington wereforwarded to the Congress.
		Conway had been appointed as Inspector General of the Army, and Gates' adjutant James Wilkinson had been made brevet Brigadier General and wasserving as secretary to the board.
	www.therfcc.org /conway-cabal-215814.html (251 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - Cabal
		Cabal, name given to the group of leading ministers who advised Charles II of England from 1667 to 1673, and the initials of whose names spelt the...
		Conway Cabal, intrigue during the American War of Independence to replace George Washington as commander in chief of the American forces with General...
		The Cabinet originated early in the 15th century as a council advising the king of England.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Cabal.html (101 words)

	MT VOID 05/25/01 (Vol. 19, Number 47)
		Thomas Conway, one of the heroes of Brandywine, who had seen at that battle the operations of Washington close up, had a very low opinion of Washington.
		Conway wrote a letter to General Gates telling him just what he thought were the deficiencies of George Washington.
		Conway was given a demotion and transfer to the Hudson area where he soon resigned.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/4824/2001/VOID0525.htm (1906 words)

	Conway Cabal -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		It was named after Brigadier General (additional info and facts about Thomas Conway) Thomas Conway, whose letters criticizing Washington were forwarded to the (The legislature of the United States government) Congress.
		Besides his command of the (additional info and facts about Northern Department of the Continental Army) Northern Department of the Continental Army, Gates was head of the Board of War, which directly exercised Congress' control of the Army.
		Conway had been appointed as Inspector General of the Army, and Gates' adjutant (additional info and facts about James Wilkinson) James Wilkinson had been made brevet Brigadier General and was serving as secretary to the board.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/C/Co/Conway_Cabal.htm (287 words)

	French Volunteers in the American Revolution
		While Conway was in a position to be offered a position of considerable rank in the American army, Florimond was one of many who offered to serve initially without the promise of a specific rank or money.
		Conway's open resentment at being made only a brigadier, and not a major general, expressed itself in his general behavior, and forced a breech in his relationship with Washington.
		Conway was designated 'Governor General of French Forces in India' on 9 March 1787, and elevated to 'Governon General of all French Forces beyond Cape of Good Hope' on 14 April 1789.
	xenophongroup.com /mcjoynt/volunt.htm (8280 words)

	Conway - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The mathematician John Conway has given his name to a number of his discoveries
		Several ships of the Royal Navy have been named HMS Conway, most famously the school ship.
		Two ships of the United States Navy have been named USS Conway.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Conway (117 words)

	An Anti-Washington "Cabal"
		Most historians agree that the so-called "Conway Cabal" was not an organized effort to replace Washington with Gen. Horatio Gates, the victor of Saratoga or some other general.
		The so-called "cabal" was a lot of mutterings and niggling criticism that finally broke out in the open with the help of an arrogant Irish-born, French-reared soldier of fortune, Thomas Conway.
		Washington confronted Conway with the insult, which brought Gates into the fray and eventually the whole thing became a matter for Congress.
	www.ushistory.org /valleyforge/history/vstory_cabal.html (431 words)

	Winter of Discontent
		A French officer of Irish origin, the 42-year-old Conway, high browed, thin lipped and supercilious, made it plain that he had come to America "to increase my fortune and that of my family." He was a seasoned soldier who joined the French Army at the age of 14.
		Conway wasted no time in presenting himself at army headquarters, where, predictably, he was received with cold formality.
		As for Conway, who was scarcely the most significant figure in the Conway Cabal -- despite the name by which it became known -- Congress acted with crushing' decisiveness.
	usinfo.state.gov /usa/holidays/july4/winter.htm (3937 words)

	THE REVOLUTION--FROM SARATOGA TO MONMOUTH
		Thomas Conway was an Irishman who had long been in the service of France, and was an officer of some reputation.
		Conway was highly offended, and in a short time he had concocted a scheme to overthrow Washington, and to elevate Gates to his place.
		Even Conway, being wounded in a duel and expecting to die, wrote Washington a letter expressing his sincere grief at what he had done.
	www.usgennet.org /usa/topic/colonial/book/chap13_3.html (2063 words)

	Conway Cabal
		His malice was aroused, and he became such a conspicuous instrument in promoting the conspiracy of Gates, that the affair became known as "Conway's Cabal." His pen and tongue were exceedingly active.
		Conway him-self and wrote to Gates, saying in substance: "Heaven has been determined to save your country, or a week general and bad counsellors would have ruined it." Colonel Joseph Reed wrote to him: "This army, notwithstanding the efforts of our amiable chief, has, as yet, gathered no laurels.
		Conway's resignation was unexpectedly, by him, accepted by the congress.
	www.publicbookshelf.com /public_html/Our_Country_vol_2/conwaycab_bai.html (1066 words)

	AllRefer.com - Conway Cabal (U.S. History) - Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Conway Cabal, 1777, intrigue in the American Revolution to remove George Washington as commander in chief of the Continental Army.
		Washington had been defeated at Brandywine and Germantown, and Horatio Gates was flushed with success by his victory in the Saratoga campaign.
		More articles from AllRefer Reference on Conway Cabal
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/C/ConwayCa.html (263 words)

	Thomas Conway
		It is chiefly as the leader of the "Conway cabal," a conspiracy to deprive Washington of the command of the army, that he is known to history.
		Conway's promotion to major general was confirmed, 14 December, 1777, in spite of Washington's disapproval.
		He fell on his face, but raised himself and remarked to his adversary," "You fire with much deliberation, general, and certainly with a great deal of effect." As soon as he was able to sit up he wrote a humble apology to Washington.
	www.famousamericans.net /thomasconway (636 words)

	CABAL FACTS AND INFORMATION
		Thus, the "Cabal_Ministry," never very unified in its members' aims and sympathies, fell apart by 1672; Lord Ashley, who became Earl of Shaftesbury, still later even became one of Charles II's fiercest opponents.
		During the rise of Usenet, the term gained great notice as a semi-ironic description of the efforts of people to maintain some order over the chaotic, anarchic Usenet community; see backbone_cabal, There_is_no_Cabal.
		One recent example of the use of the word Cabal came in an accusation by former Secretary_of_State Colin Powell's chief of staff, Lawrence_Wilkerson, who claimed that the Bush administration's foreign policy is run by a "Cheney-Rumsfeld cabal" (See http://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/21/politics/21wilkerson.html?incamp=article_popular).
	www.bellabuds.com /Cabal (420 words)

	The Conway Cabal
		This situation reached its peak when General Thomas Conway, an arrogant soldier-of-fortune, wrote a letter whose tone was critical of the commander to Gates, parts of which came to Washington's attention.
		Conway later was shot in the mouth in a duel with a Washington supporter, recovered and left America for France.
		The Conway Cabal, often mentioned by historians, was a plot that probably never existed.
	www.u-s-history.com /pages/h674.html (245 words)

	Web Deals: The Conway's Conspiracy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Conway's Game of Life Conway group Conway's LUX method formagic squares Conway Cabal (a 1777-78 conspiracy) Rolls-Royce Conway 3) andquot; Helmetsandquot; -- As to Paul Conway Helmets Gordon Cooper in Helmet.
		Conway's arrest as the third man was the result of a charged with the torture/murder and conspiracy was acquitted after just 2 ½ hours of jury.
		When telling Gates of Conway's defiance of Washington, Mifflin said the letter of the French general was andquot;a.
	books.ownerscloset.com /the-conways-conspiracy.34418.html (389 words)

	Living History
		As time passed, Conway became openly critical of Washington, considering him inept as a general, and suggested that Gates would be a much more qualified commander in chief – with, of course, Conway at his side.
		In their new positions, each of these men was now only a step away from replacing Washington as the commander in chief, and all harbored the secret desire of doing just that.
		Conway, miffed at not receiving an expected promotion, threatened in April to resign, and was stunned when Congress accepted it.
	www.schoolofabraham.com /valleyforge.htm (2369 words)

	Thomas Conway (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Thomas Conway (1734 - 1800) was aFrench soldier from Ireland who served as a General of the American Continental Army during the Revolutionary War.
		Based on an introduction from Silas Deane, theCongress appointed him a Brigadier General on May 13, and sent him on to GeorgeWashington.
		Congress appointed Conway a Major Generalanyway in December of 1777, and made him inspector general of the army.
	www.therfcc.org /thomas-conway-291905.html (314 words)

	Valley Forge and Monmouth
		He had been in the battles of Brandywine and Germantown, and was about to be promoted when Washington, believing the movement unwise, protested.
		Conway's chief fellow-conspirators were Thomas Mifflin and Dr. Rush of Pennsylvania, and James Lovell, a member of Congress from Massachusetts.
		Anonymous letters, attacking Washington and comparing his failure in Pennsylvania with the success of Gates at Saratoga, were spread about, and many of the uncritical were won over.
	www.usahistory.info /Revolution/Valley-Forge.html (2102 words)

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