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Topic: Cool jazz

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	Jazz - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		At the root of jazz is the blues, the folk music of former enslaved Africans in the U.S. South and their descendants, heavily influenced by West African cultural and musical traditions, that evolved as fl musicians migrated to the cities.
		In addition, it could be argued that jazz would not exist without both instruments invented or developed by Europeans (the trumpet, saxophone, trombone, double bass, etc.) and the previous work of Europeans in music theory, which was explored in different ways by jazz musicians, such as increased use of the seventh chord and extended chords.
		Early jazz influences found their first mainstream expression in the marching band and dance band music of the day, which was the standard form of popular concert music at the turn of century.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Jazz (6050 words)

	Jazzitude \| History of Jazz 5: Cool Jazz
		Cool jazz features arrangements that are generally more complex than those found in bop, where the head is played, followed by solos, then played again.
		The first cool jazz recordings were by a nonet (or nine piece) group led by Miles Davis and recorded on a group of sides that came to be known as The Birth of the Cool (a title that was applied after the fact, by the way).
		Very little cool jazz produced through the end of the '50s and into the 1960s is strictly cool, but it all has recognizable elements that link the different practioners of the sound together.
	www.jazzitude.com /histcool.htm (1145 words)

	Cool Jazz--History of Jazz
		"Cool jazz" is a label that loosely groups together a variety of trends in jazz from the late 1940s through the 1950s.
		The personification of "cool" is tenor saxophonist Lester Young, whose playing exerted a powerful influence on improvisers of the 1950s and beyond, and to a lesser extent the "less-is-more" aesthetic of the Count Basie rhythm section.
		For many, cool jazz was exemplified by the work of a new generation of soloists, primarily white, building on bebop but taking it in a more restrained and refined direction.
	www.people.virginia.edu /~skd9r/MUSI212_new/assignments/cool_jazz.htm (1604 words)

	The Birth of the Cool 1927
		Cool Jazz has its roots as early as 1927 in the wonderful collaborations of cornetist Bix Beiderbecke and C-melody saxman Frank (Tram) Trumbauer!
		With Bix and Tram as the focal points, they were one of the best Jazz- oriented white bands of that period and even beat the formidable Fletcher Henderson Orchestra in a Jazz Battle at the Roseland Ballroom late in 1926.
		These records may not have been the "Birth of the Cool" as they were billed, but they represented the maturing of Cool Jazz, demonstrated the vast potential of this style and established it as a permanent voice on the Jazz scene.
	www.redhotjazz.com /coolarticle.html (1042 words)

	Aspen no. 1, item 2: Jazz: A Cool Duel
		The old-time jazz man didn't know that two and two was four, this being true because he was instinctively aware of the fact that no two was ever equal to another two because no ones were ever alike.
		Jazz has moved and changed style at an amazingly rapid rate trying to catch up with centuries of development in classical music in the short space of about sixty years.
		Jazz derives much of its impetus from the contrast between the rhythms of the soloists and the generally steady pulsation of the bass and drums.
	www.ubu.com /aspen/aspen1/jazzDuel.html (5227 words)

	HyperMusic -- History of Jazz: Cool Jazz
		Cool jazz developed during the late 1940's at approximately the same time as bebop, and remained popular for several decades.
		Cool jazz was more subtle, moody, muted, and restrained than bebop, and may have been influenced by the harmonies of 20th-century art music composers like Stravinsky and Debussy.
		Other cool jazz musicians were saxophonists Gerry Mulligan and Lee Konitz, trumpeters Chet Baker and Conte Candoli, trombonists Frank Rosolino and Bob Brookmeyer, guitarists Wes Montgomery and Barney Kessel, pianists John Lewis, Dave Brubeck, and Lennie Tristano, bassist Red Mitchell, and drummers Shelley Manne and Mel Lewis.
	www.hypermusic.ca /jazz/cool.html (129 words)

	Cool Jazz
		I love jazz chords for the same reason I love alternate tunings: In both cases, the standard chord formations are altered to form new, fresh, and interesting alternatives.
		The difference is, that these chords are transformed into jazz chords by altering the tones (making selected tones sharp or flat) and by adding additional tones (for example, the 9th, the 11th, and/or the 13th).
		In fact, it's such a popular "jazz" chord that it's often substituted for the major (1-3-5) chord in jazz arrangements and is often the basis of many jazz compositions as well as improvised solos.
	www.strummeronline.com /cooljazz.html (1450 words)

	Jazz Downloads - Download Jazz Music - Download Jazz MP3s (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		As the genre evolved, the music split into a number of different styles, from the speedy, hard-hitting rhythms of be-bop and the laid-back, mellow harmonies of cool jazz to the jittery, atonal forays of free jazz and the earthy grooves of soul jazz.
		Louis Armstrong was the first important soloist to emerge in jazz, and he became the most influential musician in the music's history.
		Lester Young was one of the true jazz giants, a tenor saxophonist who came up with a completely different conception in which to play his horn, floating over bar lines with a light tone rather than...
	www.mp3.com /jazz/genre/14/summary.html (577 words)

	Clarifying labels: Cool Jazz, West Coast and Hard Bop (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Here, Mark Gridley, discusses the uses of the labels of "Cool Jazz," "West Coast" and "Hard Bop," trying to clarify several trends in the vast array of styles that were evident in modern jazz during the 1950s.
		Journalists termed "cool jazz" the work of many modern hornmen who employed slow vibrato, light weight, soft, dry tone qualities, and showed marked deliberation and exceptional economy in their improvisations.
		Some of the most prominent jazz musicians of the period were quite versatile, making significant contributions to several different styles of jazz, thereby confusing the already overwhelmed listeners who attempted to pigeonhole their styles.
	www.icce.rug.nl /~soundscapes/DATABASES/TRA/Clarifying_labels.html (2078 words)

	Jazz History - Cool (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Along with the bebop movement developed during the 1940s, the 1950s ushered in a lighter, more romantic style of jazz called "cool." Developed mainly from the perspective of white West Coast jazz musicians, cool jazz combined the melodic and swinging aspects of the earlier swing era with the harmonic and rhythmic developments of bebop.
		The roots of cool jazz can be traced back to various earlier styles, as well as a direction that trumpet player Miles Davis pursued during the late 1940s.
		By the mid to late 1950s, the cool movement would spawn a more serious bridge between jazz and classical music called "third stream." Aside from cool, other strains of jazz began to evolve from the influences of bebop by the mid 1950s.
	www.vervemusicgroup.com /history.aspx?hid=21 (506 words)

	Cool Jazz Essentials (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Cool jazz was a conscious alternative, chilling out with arrangements that left telling space, augmenting the harmonic fabric with subtle excursions into modal harmony, or gently reinventing ensemble instrumentation in its balance of tonal colors.
		The cool school was particularly well received in California, where a nascent West Coast jazz community was often equated with the cool movement outright.
		Birth of the Cool is the first important leader date from Miles Davis, one of jazz's most seminal figures and farsighted practitioners.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/music/essentials/-/jazz/cool (1270 words)

	HyperMusic -- History of Jazz
		Jazz represents a merging and melding of many different peoples and their heritages.
		Plantation songs, spirituals, and field hollers were a part of everyday life -- to celebrate, to mourn, to entertain, to commemorate, to worship, and to accompany the drudgery of work.
		This music of the plantations blended with the European-American musical tradition to create the basis for blues, ragtime, and other musical forms from which jazz evolved.
	www.hypermusic.ca /jazz/mainmenu.html (89 words)

	Cool Jazz (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The term "cool jazz" refers to modern jazz that tends to be softer and easier to follow than the bop of Charlie Parker and Dizzy Gillespie.
		Therefore many people have the impression that all West Coast jazz of the 1950s is cool jazz or vice versa.
		In reality, however, the label has not been limited to the work of musicians who belong to any particular race or geographic region, and the California jazz scene of the 1950s had a number of different styles in addition to cool jazz.
	www.prenhall.com /gridley/textonly/cooljazz.html (562 words)

	Questions & Answers: Cool
		This turned up in the eighteenth century in the slangy expression cool as a cucumber that is still with us, and in the mainstream language as keeping a cool head—being unemotional or in total command of oneself.
		This use of cool only really caught on in the 1930s, but is still common (and is well known, for example, among young people in Britain as well as America, even though a few now insist on spelling it kewl).
		It’s with jazz that the slang term was most closely associated and out of which it became more widely known throughout the English-speaking world.
	www.worldwidewords.org /qa/qa-coo1.htm (616 words)

	Cool Jazz Links
		Epistrophy: Jazz in 20th Century Literature - An archive of examples of, and critical reactions to jazz in 20th Century Literature.
		Jazz Improvisation Forum - A forum for exchange of jazz improvisation techniques (particularly jazz piano), and to promote jazz as a continuing American institution.
		Jazz: A Brief History - early jazz, based on a course taught at the Florida State University.
	www.webhaus.be /webhaus/p002/CoolJazzLinks.html (748 words)

	Sheet Music Plus - Cool Jazz (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Saxophonist Rich Maraday has created an album of originals and contemporary standards for the modern saxophonist, an excellent learning tool for the beginning to the advanced tenor or alto sax player wishing to hone their skills in the genre of smooth jaz Soloist: Rich Maraday, tenor sax.
		Jazz Standards with Strings (2 CD Set) For clarinet, alto saxophone...
		Jazz Standards with Rhythm Section (2 CD Set) For clarinet, alto saxophone...
	www.sheetmusicplus.com /a/item.html?item=3392516&id=79590 (212 words)

	cool jazz in TutorGig Encyclopedia
		'Cool jazz' is a type of jazz that is understated and subtle and often encompasses West coast jazz or West coast cool, which originated primarily from California.
		The Claude Thornhill Orchestra and Lennie Tristano recorded cool jazz as early as the late 1940s.
		Along with the bebop movement developed during the 1940s, the 1950s ushered in a lighter, more romantic style of jazz called "cool." The roots of cool jazz can be traced back to various earlier styles.
	www.tutorgig.com /ed/cool_jazz (164 words)

	Winter Delights: 877Chicago.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Play it cool in a city that always sizzles with the sounds of jazz.
		Presented by the Jazz Institute of Chicago and the City of Chicago.
		Come and view historical performance footage of legendary jazz artists who were "Stompin' at the Savoy Ballroom" and the Original Regal Theater in their heyday, including Miles Davis, Billie Holiday, Ella Fitzgerald, John Coltrane, Nat King Cole, and Duke Ellington.
	www.877chicago.com /winter_jazz.html (887 words)

	Cool Cat Jazz
		Cool Cat Jazz is the hottest New Orleans Dixieland and swing Jazz Band in Connecticut specializing in 'hot' music from the 20's and 30's.
		The Cool Cats give students a high-energy, diverse and entertaining educational program filled with audience participation.
		Band members demonstrate the musical contributions of each instrument (trumpet, trombone, clarinet, saxophone, piano, and bass) and captivate the audience as they tour the different styles of jazz music.
	www.yaconn.org /music/coolcatj.htm (136 words)

	Winnipeg Jazz Festival 2005
		Thank you for your interest in the 2006 COOL Jazz Winnipeg Festival.
		Jazz Winnipeg is no longer accepting artist submissions from National and International artists for the 2006 festival.
		Local musicians may still submit their applications to Jazz Winnipeg at 018-100 Arthur Street, Winnipeg MB R3B 1H3.
	www.jazzwinnipeg.com (47 words)

	Marc Sabatella's Jazz Improvisation Primer: Cool Jazz (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The cool jazz style has been described as a reaction against the fast tempos and the complex melodic, harmonic, and rhythmic ideas of bebop.
		Many groups in the cool style do not use a piano, and instead rely on counterpoint and harmonization among the horns, usually saxophone and trumpet, to outline chord progressions.
		The incorporation of classical music into jazz is often called the third stream.
	www.outsideshore.com /primer/primer/ms-primer-2-4.html (232 words)

	Jazz \| All About Jazz
		Though most words haven't seen the light of day outside of a jazz club, quite a few have found their way into the mainstream American lexicon, and are still bandied about today.
		Boogie Man --- In the jazz slanguage of 1935, this was a critic.
		Replaced as a superlative by "cool" in the late 40's or early 50's.
	www.allaboutjazz.com /speak.htm (2687 words)

	Cool Jazz Links (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Jazz Club of Sarasota Start spreading the news: Every year The Jazz Club of Sarasota holds an annual week-long Jazz Festival.
		Epistrophy: The Jazz Literature Archive - Maintained at the Department of English at the University of Windsor in Ontario, Canada, this resource traces and highlights jazz literature, organized by author.
		Gallagher, Shane - Jazz pianist residing in the Four Corners region of the Southwestern U.S. He performs regionally from Denver, CO to Albuquerque, NM in various clubs, colleges and jazz festivals.
	www.wsjt.com /links.html (1253 words)

	Jazz Guitar Online: free jazz guitar lessons online, tabs, chords, transcriptions, guitar chord charts & online guitar ...
		You'll find jazz guitar licks going from Charlie Parker to Django Reinhardt to George Benson to Pat Metheny and written in both standard notation and guitar tab (how to read guitar tabs).
		The jazz guitar chord page is not intended to be a complete chord reference.
		jazz guitar chord theory tutorial, essential reading if you want to make use of the guitar chord finder.
	www.jazzguitar.be (692 words)

	Forever Cool (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Most of the selections represent a style of jazz prevalent in the 50's and 60's known as Cool and West Coast Jazz, with some Bossa Nova thrown in for good measure.
		Most West Coast Jazz was scored out in great detail, and it often sounded a bit European with its use of contrapuntal lines.
		Mixed in one more Xmas jazz CD that my friend Nancy brought to my attention (her station is 'Dimensions in Jazz').
	home.earthlink.net /~keithr17 (635 words)

	Hot Blues Cool Jazz
		Cool jazz on a warm summer evening under the stars - what more could you want?
		In August, Eric Marienthal lights up the stage to usher in the 8th Annual Hot Blues Cool Jazz series.
		He has become one of contemporary jazz's most popular and innovative performers.
	www.allaboutjazz.com /php/entity.php?id=6654 (206 words)

	Red Hot and Cool Jazz
		Red Hot and Cool Jazz has been selected by HomePC Magazine as one of the top 500 Web sites in the world in their first Best Web Sites survey.
		Jazz, Roots, Rhythms San Francisco Jazz, Gospel, Blues 'zine.
		Thanks to America Online for including Red Hot and Cool Jazz in the MUSIC section of their service as one of the top 10 music sites in their first listing of web pages.
	members.aol.com /Jlackritz/jazz (3136 words)

	Miles Davis - "Cool" Jazz Musician (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		He was a jazz trumpeter, composer, and bandleader who played with and influenced many talented young performers (most notably John Coltrane) who later became jazz masters on their own.
		In 1949-50 his small jazz group made some of the first "cool" jazz records, reflecting a departure from
		His best-selling album, Bitches Brew (1970), signaled his success in extending the boundaries of jazz and established a style that was heavily explored by other musicians throughout the 1970s.
	www.nw-cybermall.com /jazzworld/Miles_Davis.htm (272 words)

	Jazz Fusion Cool Sites (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		One of the early contributors to Jazz Fusion.
		A blues and jazz guitarist, Robben has played with a whole bunch of Jazz artists.
		A creative master of making jazz music, he has played with a whole bunch of musicians.
	home.mira.net /~shur/hot.htm (950 words)

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