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Topic: Copal

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	Copal - LoveToKnow 1911
		COPAL (Mexican copalli, incense), a hard lustrous resin, varying in hue from an almost colourless transparent mass to a bright yellowish-brown, having a conchoidal fracture, and, when dissolved in alcohol, spirit of turpentine, or any other suitable menstruum, forming one of the most valuable varnishes.
		Copal is obtained from a variety of sources; the term is not uniformly applied or restricted to the products of any particular region or series of plants, but is vaguely used for resins which, though very similar in their physical properties, differ somewhat in their constitution, and are altogether distinct as to their source.
		The raw copal, which is obtained direct from the trees, or found at their roots or near the surface of the ground, is not regarded by the natives as of much value, and does not enter into European commerce.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Copal (392 words)

	Copal
		Copal is not the fossilized, hardened resin that is known as amber, but rather an immature recent resin.
		Copal has many uses, from incense to varnish, and is important as an avenue in studying past life.
		Copal should not be misrepresented as amber, a mature fossilized resin, but marketed as copal, a fresh recent resin, with many desirable qualities of its own.
	www.emporia.edu /earthsci/amber/copal.htm (2340 words)

	NIDEC COPAL CORPORATION OFFICIAL SITE
		Nidec Copal Corporation, the world's top camera shutter manufacturer, is a pioneer in precision technology promoting multifaceted products based on optomechatronics.
		Copal produces optical equipment such as shutters, lenses, and camera modules for mobile phones.
		Copal develops and produces system equipment such as card printers, optical sensors, large machinery and tool parts, and photo equipment systems.
	www.nidec-copal.com (106 words)

	Copal Tree History of Oaxaca Folk Art Carving in Mexico
		Copal branches can be very fragrant depending on the time of year they are pruned.
		Before wood carving became popular, copal tree resin was primarily used to make incense and it's berries were a common cure for acne.
		Although the copal tree is greatly valued it isn't the only wood the carvers use.
	www.oaxacanwoodcarving.com /copal.html (582 words)

	Our Copal Page featuring a variety of Insects and Enhydro Specimens
		Copal is a type of resin produced by plant or tree secretions which is identified with the forms of aromatic tree resins used by the cultures of pre-Columbian tribes as a ceremonially burned incense.
		Copal is estimated to be 2 million years old.
		This Copal specimen measures 1 1/4" x 3/8" x 1/4"and has a light amber color and is highly polished all around.
	www.therockshed.com /copal.html (1084 words)

	Copal Professional Shutters, RTS INC, U. S. Distributors of Professional Photographic
		Copal lens shutters for medium and large format cameras were developed exclusively for the professional market and intended for use with high quality inner and outer lenses.
		They are able to fulfill all the conditions demanded by every kind of art, industrial and scientific photography.
		Furthermore, Copal Press #1 and Copal Press #O Shutters can boast the highest quality and the finest durability and have the potential required when used in conjunction with special equipment.
	rd.business.com /index.asp?epm=s.1&bdcq=copal&bdcr=2&bdcu=http://www.rtsphoto.com/html/copal.html&bdct=20071113015818&bdcp=&partner=2662601&bdcs=nwuuid-2662601-576E0681-8123-709A-6768-D64FD2438E36-ym (97 words)

	Copal
		The sap of the tree is used for incense and the wood used to produce the Alebrijes, whimsical wood carvings.
		Copal has also been used for chewing, gluing, purifying meat, varnishing, and as a medicine for various ailments.
		is the dried resin of the copal tree.
	www.tomzap.com /copal.html (232 words)

	Bob's Rock Shop: Identifying True Amber
		In some cases copal, which is tree resin which has not yet fully fossilized to amber and may be anything up 3-4 million years old is described as true amber.
		She explained that one of the most reliable tests she used was to taste the amber specimen after washing it in mild soapy water and then plain water.
		This is due to interference patterns being induced in the polarized light because of the internal strains and stresses within the amber itself.
	www.rockhounds.com /rockshop/trueamber.html (907 words)

	AMBER VERSUS COPAL
		Copal is not the fossilized, hardened resin that is known as amber, but rather an immature recent resin.
		Zanzibar copal from East Africa was possibly produced by the Trachylobium verrucasum (also known as Hymenaea verrucosa), while Kauri copal from New Zealand was produced by the Kauri pine, Agathis australis.
		Major deposits of copal are produced from tropical legume and araucarian trees (conifers indigenous today to South America and Australia) and are found in tropical or wet temperate regions where these resin producing trees still exist.
	www.paleodirect.com /amberversuscopal1.htm (1048 words)

	Copal - Camerapedia.org
		This TLR camera was never sold but the Copal shutter went ahead and was first mounted on the Olympus Six.
		The Copal leaf shutters are used on many rangefinder, TLR and view cameras.
		Copal also made focal plane shutter units, mainly for Japanese SLR cameras.
	www.camerapedia.org /wiki/Copal (286 words)

	Our Copal Page featuring a variety of Insects and Enhydro Specimens
		This Copal specimen measures 1 1/4" x 3/8" x 1/4"and has a light amber color and is highly polished all around.
		This Copal specimen measures 2 1/8" x 3/8" x 3/8" and has a light amber color and is highly polished all around.
		This piece of Copal has an anhydrous area, which is water trapped in the copal, and several insect inclusions.
	therockshed.com /copal.html (945 words)

	MARK R. MEYER -- 3 DOT STUDIO AMBERPAGE -- AMBER FAQ
		Free pieces of amber and copal (obviously not mounted jewelry!!) are buoyant and will float in a saturated salt solution (15.4 grams of salt dissolved in 100 ml of water), similar to its behavior in sea water.
		Copal is rather young resin, derived from a variety of plant sources, but still in the process of amberization.
		Copal can range from tens to hundreds to thousands of years old, perhaps to a few million at the extreme (this is a debatable issue among experts).
	www.3dotstudio.com /amberfaq.html (2220 words)

	Types of amber, copal and resin.
		The word copal comes from the Spanish word copalli which means incense, a task for which copal can in fact be employed.
		In some cases the surface of the copal has fractured and crazed due to the surface shrinkage prompted through the initial evaporation of the turpenes which also begins during this period.
		Distinguishing between copal and amber is a contentious issue amongst members of the amber community.
	www.gplatt.demon.co.uk /typesof.htm (3090 words)

	SDNHM - Bursera hindsiana (Copal)
		The flowers are 0.25 cm (1/8 inch) long, bloom from September to December, and produce an oval-shaped fruit 0.9 to1.2 centimeters (up to 1/2 inch) long.
		Copal is found along washes and desert hillsides from near the head of the Gulf to the Cape Region, including Tiburón Island and coastal Sonora.
		The seeds have been used as a food source, but only in desperate times.
	www.oceanoasis.org /fieldguide/burs-hin.html (190 words)

	Cabanas Copal in Tulum by EcoTulum Resorts & Spa
		Cabanas Copal Hotel in Tulum gets you off the beaten path for a truly alternative vacation experience in our rustic, candlelit eco-hotel.
		Internet access is available in the hotel reception, the MayaSpa reception, and the Copal restaurant.
		• Cabanas Copal was one of three Tulum hotels recommended by Travel + Leisure magazine in their 10 Great Places to Spend Christmas 2001 article.
	www.cabanascopal.com (320 words)

	hotel tulum copal on the beach riviera maya
		Cabanas Copal Hotel Tulum has a secluded feeling, quiet and tranquil, though it is located at the entrance of the Tulum Hotel Zone.
		Cabañas Copal Hotel Tulum is ideal for the traveler who enjoys a natural beach hotel experience in a rustic environment.
		The beachfront side of the hotel has a wide series of windows, allowing the Caribbean sea breeze to enter and making the cabanas fresh and comfortable at any time of the year.
	www.seamonkeybusiness.com /hotel_tulum_copal.htm (997 words)

	Censura Reviews: Copal Mediums: Garrett Copal Medium
		Garrett Copal Concentrate is a viscous material that will turn short paint into long paint with the addition of one or two drops per inch or paint as it comes from the tube.
		Garrett copal dries in just a couple of days to a very hard and glossy finish and stays workable for at least a day.
		In the next layers I use increasing amounts of the Copal with turps (Stand Oil is already present) to control how it blends or how much of a texture I want.
	www.wetcanvas.com /Community/Products/censura.php?tsid=1&csid=029a2cce4ae00390165cc5175eafe694&cmd=details&itemid=791 (739 words)

	Cabanas Copal - Tulum Mexico Riviera Maya
		Cabanas Copal is nestled in a small clearing in the tropical forest on top of a natural terrace which overlooks the most private beach in Tulum.
		Copal has a secluded feeling, quiet and tranquil, though it is located at the entrance of the hotel zone of Tulum.
		Cabanas Copal is ideal for the traveler who enjoys a natural experience without sacrificing some of the comforts of home.
	playadelcarmen.com /nhotels/CabanasCopal (300 words)

	MESOAMERICAN COPAL RESINS
		Painting copal the color of jade recalls the fact that jade placed in the corpse's mouth in Maya burials has been interpreted as symbolizing maize as food for the soul of the newly departed (Coe 1988:225), while copal itself is said to be food of the gods.
		The copal of the Guatemalan Chorti Mayans that is used for censing is called uhtz'ubte' in Chorti and copal, copal de santo, or palo de santo in Spanish.
		The ritual context in which copal is burned, and the consistency with which similar elements are found throughout Mesoamerica underscores the integral position that copal enjoys within the ritual structure.
	www.utexas.edu /courses/stross/papers/copal.htm (4137 words)

	AMBER_ORACLE
		Amber and copal was not produced from one kind of tree but from variety of different conifers and tropical broad-leafed trees.
		Copal is a natural resin as is amber.
		With copal, the polish is removed and the surface becomes sticky.
	snakefly.tripod.com /amberpg.html (684 words)

	Copal Decorated Font - Fonts.com
		Copal is a display face based on carvings found on monuments in Central America.
		Copal is named after the resin burned by ancient cultures for its aromatic effect and used today as a constituent of printing ink.
		Designed to be combined or used individually, the Copal font family will lend a touch of the unusual to headlines and display in advertising and on posters and bill-boards.
	www.fonts.com /findfonts/detail.asp?pid=202765 (150 words)

	COPAL
		Copal Optical Co., Ltd., (currently Shiojiri Factory) was established in Shiojiri, Nagano Prefecture.
		Copal Precision Parts Co., Ltd., (currently Nidec Copal Precision Parts Corp.) was established.
		Copal Optical and Electronic Machinery (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., was established in Shanghai.
	www.copal-usa.com /corporate-history.html (540 words)

	Copal Resin Incense spiritual and religious needs, smoking mirror ritual
		Copal resin incense comes from the sturdy Bursera tree in the regions of southern Mexico.
		Copal's clean, crisp fragrance is ideal for use in self-purification rituals, clearing a space, or purifying ritual objects.
		Use copal resin incense to enhance your spiritual and religious ceremonies and rituals.
	www.anahatabalance.com /resin_copal.html (956 words)

	COPAL floor heating cable for kitchen and bathroom,electronic thermostat with sensor
		The cable is available in pre-determined lengths that cover a surface area of 25 to 165 square feet.
		The COPAL floor heating cable was developed to fully comply with all applicable C.S.A. certification test requirements and thus is a fully grounded wire with an amoured element and plastic cover.
		The COPAL floor heating cable is generally intended for residential bathroom,kitchen and sunroom areas or in a basement where children play on the floor.
	www.copal.ca /CABLEA.HTM (217 words)

	Cabanas Copal Profile - Tulum Mexico Riviera Maya
		Copal is within walking or bicycling distance of many of the area's crystal clear Cenotes (natural freshwater pools that are perfect for swimming, snorkeling, or diving).
		The Copal sweat lodge is based on traditional healing methods used by indigenous Mexicans in which the properties of fire and water are combined to purify the mind, body, and soul.
		The Copal dry flotation tank, nestled in the middle of the jungle, creates an optimal environment for lucid dreaming, meditation, relaxation, stress relief, and more.
	www.tulum.com /nhotels/CabanasCopal/profile.cfm (619 words)

	Cabanas Copal - Tulum Hotels Mexico
		Cabañas Copal Hotel Tulum is nestled in a small clearing in the tropical forest on top of a natural terrace which overlooks the most private beach in Tulum.
		Cabanas Copal Hotel Tulum has a secluded feeling, quiet and tranquil, though it is located at the entrance of the Tulum Hotel Zone.
		Cabañas Copal Hotel Tulum is ideal for the traveler who enjoys a rustic ecological hotel in a natural environment.
	www.dreamdays.com /tulum-hotels/cabanas-copal.asp (301 words)

	Resin incense from natural sources myrrh frankincense copal altar resin spiritual and religious ritual
		Copal is said to revel invisible energies that appear like rays of sunlight filtering through an early morning
		Copal nodules from the sacred cenote at Chichén Itzá
		Use resins incense such as frankincense, myrrh, and copal to enhance your spiritual and religious ceremonies and rituals.
	www.anahatabalance.com /resins.html (1419 words)

	A Short History of the Konica SLR and Copal shutters
		In addition, both Konishiroku [Konica] and Mamiya disclosed their achievement in their shutter designs to Copal to finish very sophisticated Copal Square Shutter unit, and in fact, the design of Konica Hi-Synchro shutter of 1953-60 strongly influenced the Copal design.
		This is the most famous and prominent Copal mechanical shutter unit, later used in variety of models.
		The Copal S shutter of 1965 was used or copied by many models.
	silvergrain.org /Photo-Tech/Konica-History.html (1091 words)

	Copal (Gold) - Manila - per oz.
		Gold Copal has a gentle, soft and warming fragrance.
		To the ancient Mayan's, the divine god of the earth extracted copal resin from the tree of life and gave it to humans as a gift.
		Copal is said to be cleansing and aid in mental and spiritual endeavors.
	www.scents-of-earth.com /copal.html (137 words)

	Copal versus Amber
		Usually the light color is an immediate tip off to the possibility that one is dealing with copal; if the surface becomes tacky or gooey with a few drops of acetone (nail polish remover)it is copal.
		Why these so-called “dealers” in Colombian copal are so insistent, and even belligerent, in maintaining that their material is older than it is is really perplexing.
		In copal, a large part of the terpenes remain.
	www.uky.edu /AS/Geology/webdogs/amber/copal.html (464 words)

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