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	Solar system - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		"the Alpha Centauri system", "the Barnard system", or "the Sol system").
		The solar system is believed to have formed from the Solar nebula, the collapsing cloud of gas and dust which gave birth to the Sun.
		The point at which the solar system ends and interstellar space begins is not precisely defined, since its outer boundaries are delineated by two separate forces: the solar wind and the Sun's gravity.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Solar_System (2687 words)

	Nicolaus Copernicus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		His theory about the Sun as the center of the solar system, turning over the traditional geocentric theory (that placed Earth at the center of the Universe), is considered one of the most important discoveries ever, and is the fundamental starting point of modern astronomy and modern science itself (it inaugurated the scientific revolution).
		The system nevertheless had a large influence on scientists such as Galileo, Tycho Brahe, and Johannes Kepler, who adopted, championed and (especially in Kepler's case) improved the model.
		His heliocentric universe theory accomplished this by dispensing with individual explanations for the motion of each planet, and replacing them with a description that applied to all the planets, including the Earth.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Copernican_system (3783 words)

	Solar system - Articles and Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		A generic solar system (or planetary system) consists of at least one star and various orbiting objects (such as asteroids, comets, moons, and planets).
		Planetary systems are generally believed to form as part of the same process which results in star formation; although, some argue that systems are formed by some kind of accidental "stellar near-collison".
		The solar system is part of the Milky Way galaxy, a spiral galaxy with a diameter of about 100,000 light years containing approximately 200 billion stars, of which our Sun is fairly typical.
	www.breakpt.org /article/Solar_system (1337 words)

	Copernican heliocentric system (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Heliocentric System and Precession of the Tholos of Epidavros The circular shape of the Monument represents two astronomical theories concerning the Sun: the Geocentric theory of the Sun's apparent course and the Heliocentric theory.
		The Copernican Revolution Brief historical chronology of the development and acceptance of heliocentricity.
		A system of measurement in use in the United Kingdom, now partially superseded by the metric system, and currently in the United States and consisting of units such as the inch, the mile and the pound (a unit of weight).
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Copernican_heliocentric_system.html (318 words)

	Nicolaus Copernicus Information - TextSheet.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		His theory about the Sun as the center of the solar system, turning over the traditional geocentric theory (that wanted the Earth to be its central star), is considered one of the most important discoveries ever, and is the fundamental starting point of modern astronomy.
		The system nevertheless had a large influence on scientists such as Galileo and Kepler, who adopted, championed and, in Kepler's case, improved the model.
		In 1616, when the debate over heliocentrism was becoming heated, the Inquisition ordered the book withdrawn from circulation, pending changes that would remove the appearance that it was asserting the Earth's motion as a fact.
	www.xplosive.sferahost.com /encyclopedia/n/ni/nicolaus_copernicus.html (4499 words)

	The Copernican Model: A Sun-Centered Solar System
		The Copernican system by banishing the idea that the Earth was the center of the Solar System, immediately led to a simple explanation of both the varying brightness of the planets and retrograde motion:
		The difference was that the Copernican system required many fewer epicycles than the Ptolemaic system because it moved the Sun to the center.
		Thus, the heliocentric idea of Aristarchus was quickly forgotten and Western thought stagnated for almost 2000 years as it waited for Copernicus to revive the heliocentric theory.
	csep10.phys.utk.edu /astr161/lect/retrograde/copernican.html (863 words)

	Sea and Sky: Tycho Brahe
		He had formulated his own model of the solar system which was somewhat of a merger of the geocentric (Earth-centered) and heliocentric (Sun-centered) models.
		In Tycho's system, the Earth was at the center of the solar system.
		This Tychonic system became popular early in the seventeenth century among those who rejected both the Copernican heliocentric system and the Ptolematic heliocentric system.
	www.seasky.org /spacexp/sky5e11.html (532 words)

	Solar system - free-definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Small quantities of dust are present throughout the solar system and are responsible for the phenomenon of zodiacal light.
		The theory says that Nemesis creates periodical perturbations in the asteroids and comets of the solar system causing a shower of large bodies and some of them hit Earth causing destruction of life, although this theory is no longer taken seriously by most scientists.
		Because of the large range of significant distances (e.g., the distance between the Earth and the Sun is almost 12,000 times the diameter of the Earth), constructing a scale model of the solar system is a challenging task.
	www.free-definition.com /Solar-system.html (1459 words)

	The Galileo Project \| Science \| Copernican System
		The reason for this delay was that, on the face of it, the heliocentric cosmology was absurd from a common-sensical and a physical point of view.
		In Copernican astronomy one now had to assume that the orbit of the Earth was as a point with respect to the fixed stars, and because the fixed stars did not reflect the Earth's annual motion by showing an annual parallax, the sphere of the fixed stars had to be immense.
		In this system the elegance and harmony of the Copernican system were married to the solidity of a central and stable Earth so that Aristotelian physics could be maintained.
	galileo.rice.edu /sci/theories/copernican_system.html (2158 words)

	Copernican system. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		first modern European theory of planetary motion that was heliocentric, i.e., that placed the sun motionless at the center of the solar system with all the planets, including the earth, revolving around it.
		He retained the ancient belief that the planets move in perfect circles and therefore, like Ptolemy, he was forced to utilize epicycles to explain deviations from uniform motion (see Ptolemaic system).
		By liberating astronomy from a geocentric viewpoint, Copernicus paved the way for Kepler’s laws of planetary motion and Newton’s embracing theory of universal gravitation, which describes the force that holds the planets in their orbits.
	www.bartleby.com /65/co/Copernc-sy.html (208 words)

	Models of the solar system
		The equant was an equal distance on the opposite side of the center of the deferent, with the planet's epicycle moving through equal angles around the equant at equal speeds, and the planet itself moving uniformly around the epicycle.
		In fact, Copernicus' first version of the heliocentric system was a system of no less than thirty-four circles, including epicycles, to describe the motions of just seven bodies around the central Sun.
		Thus, a heliocentric universe was inferred from the fact that the geocentric system was becoming unwieldy and a heliocentric model provided a simpler explanation.
	www.bluffton.edu /~bergerd/NSC_111/science3.html (1500 words)

	Copernican heliocentric system (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		His theory about the Sun as the center of the solar system, turning over the traditional geocentric theory (that placed Earth at the center of the Universe), is considered one of the mostimportant discoveries ever, and is thefundamental starting point of modern astronomy.
		Withthis change his system had only uniform circular motions, correcting what seemed to be a defect in Ptolemy's system.Unfortunately, uniform circular motion is not what happens in the solar system, which runs on elliptical orbits ; and this model was no more precise in predicting ephemerides than the then current tables based on Ptolemy's model.
		The system nevertheless had a large influence on scientists such as Galileo and Kepler, who adopted, championed and, in Kepler'scase, improved the model.
	www.therfcc.org /copernican-heliocentric-system-32451.html (4340 words)

	AllRefer.com - Copernican system (Astronomy, General) - Encyclopedia
		Copernican system, first modern European theory of planetary motion that was heliocentric, i.e., that placed the sun motionless at the center of the solar system with all the planets, including the earth, revolving around it.
		Thus, the Copernican system was technically only a slight improvement over the Ptolemaic system.
		However, making the solar system heliocentric removed the largest epicycle and explained retrograde motion in a natural way.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/C/Copernc-sy.html (266 words)

	Solar System Models
		The primary reason for developing the equatorial coordinate system for the celestial sphere was to follow the position of the Sun, Moon and planets in the sky.
		Ptolemy (200 A.D.) was an ancient astronomer, geographer, and mathematician who took the geocentric theory of the solar system and gave it a mathematical foundation (called the "Ptolemaic system").
		In the Ptolemaic system, deferents were large circles centered on the Earth, and epicycles were small circles whose centers moved around the circumferences of the deferents.
	zebu.uoregon.edu /~js/ast221/lectures/lec06.html (1751 words)

	Popular Fallacies in the History of Science - Numericana
		This heliocentric idea does not appear explicitly in the only surviving work of Aristarchus, where the distances and sizes of the Moon and the Sun are estimated.
		However, the actual heliocentric system of Aristarchus is known to us from the summary given in The Sand Reckoner (c.213 BC) by an illustrious younger contemporary of Aristarchus: Archimedes of Syracuse (287 BC-212 BC).
		This dubious system was replaced by an early form of the Julian calendar, introduced by Julius Caesar in 45 BC.
	home.att.net /~numericana/answer/record.htm (3943 words)

	Heliocentric Models
		Therefore, he was upset with Ptolemy's introduction of the equant and eccentric and he set out to revise the description of the universe and bring it back into line with Aristotle's concept of natural motion.
		He did not invent the telescope as is often taught but he does appear to be the first person to use it for astronomy.
		However, he got off easily compared to fellow Italian Giordano Bruno who was burned at the stake in 1600 for teaching Copernican ideas.
	www.sciencemaster.com /space/item/helio_2.php (940 words)

	College Papers-Heliocentrism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The impact of the Heliocentric Theory Heliocentric: Relating to the sun as a center; appearing as if seen from the sun's center.(Webster,447) The heliocentric theory was first introduced to the world by a Polish astronomer named Nicolaus Copernicus.
		Heliocentrism was proven true by the discoveries of Galileo, Kepler, and Newton; through their efforts to prove the validity of the heliocentric theory people began to find truth in science through experimentation rather than religion with no proof.
		In 1616, The Pope denounced the Copernican theory, surprising Galileo.
	www.college-papers.org /free_essays/science/heliocentrismmnn.html (2060 words)

	Nicolaus Copernicus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The alleged reasons range from the personality of Galileo to the availability of actual evidence (such as observations with the telescope) which could make it practical for the first time to settle the truth or falsity of the theory.
		Bruno extended the meaning of Copernicus' heliocentrism to the whole universe; postulating that the universe is filled with untold stars like our Sun and surrounded by worlds like our Earth.
		This was a rejection of Ptolemy's cosmogony, where the universe was surrounded, closed by something, maybe a sort of spherical envelope, that could render it a closed space (or, other suggested, a comprehensible scheme).
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/nicolaus_copernicus (4729 words)

	Solar system - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Its speed is about 220 kilometres per second, and it completes one revolution every 226 million years.
		Voyager 2 then went on to make close approaches to Uranus in 1986 and Neptune in 1989.
		It has been suggested that the Sun may be part of a binary star system, with a distant companion named Nemesis.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Solar_system (2687 words)

	Copernican System
		Diagram of the heliocentric universe, from De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium (1543).
		Its importance lay not in its improved accuracy—Kepler’s elliptical orbits would be needed for that—but in its challenge to the orthodox view that Earth was at the center of the universe.
		A much earlier heliocentric scheme had been proposed by Aristarchus of Samos in the third century B.C., a fact known to Copernicus but long ignored by others prior to him.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/C/Copernican_System.html (156 words)

	Aristarchus Heliocentric System
		System model, in his great publication "De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium"...
		system were guided by philosophy and religion more than mathematics.
		In astronomy, heliocentrism is the theory that the Sun is at the center of the Universe and/or the Solar Sys...
	www.futuregate.co.uk /aristarchus_heliocentric_system.html (217 words)

	ch5
		By November 29, 1973, with all systems aboard the spacecraft functioning perfectly, Pioneer 10 had crossed the orbits of all seven outermost satellites of the Jovian system and was readying for its plunge toward the radiation belts and its close encounter with the giant planet.
		The system was designed to present real-time display of Pioneer spin-scan images to allow scientists to monitor operation of the imaging photopolarimeter during encounter, and also to provide a video signal so that the images could be displayed to the press and made available to television networks.
		But the Jovian system is so large that despite Pioneer l l's enormous speed it was not until 1 December, the day before closest approach, that the spacecraft began to cross the orbits of the large Galilean satellites.
	history.nasa.gov /SP-349/ch5.htm (12024 words)

	Ptolemaic system
		Ptolemaic system: The Roots of the Ptolemaic System - The Roots of the Ptolemaic System The ancient philosophers imagined the universe to resemble a...
		Copernican system - Copernican system, first modern European theory of planetary motion that was heliocentric, i.e.,...
		The ontological status of mathematical entities: the necessity for modern physics of an evaluation of mathematical systems.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/sci/A0840408.html (277 words)

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