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Topic: Copernicus (Lunar crater)

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	Copernicus (Lunar crater) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		South of the crater is the Mare Insularum, and to the south-south west is Reinhold crater.
		Later the crater was nick-named "the Monarch of the Moon" by Thomas Gwyn Elger.
		In 1966 the crater was photographed from an oblique angle by the Lunar Orbiter 2.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Copernicus_(Lunar_crater) (539 words)

	Nicolaus Copernicus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Copernicus was born in 1473 in the city of ToruÅ in Poland.
		Monument to Copernicus by Collegium Novum of Jagiellonian University in Krakow
		Copernicus' lived in early 16th century Prussia and Poland, and was influenced by the cultural, religious, and social contexts of life at the time.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Copernican_system (3803 words)

	Limb of Copernicus Impact Crater
		This image of Copernicus was acquired on the Lunar Orbiter 5 Mission.
		Copernicus is 93 kilometers wide and is located within the Mare Imbrium Basin, northern nearside of the Moon (10° N, 20° degrees W.).
		Rays from the ejecta are superposed on all other surrounding terrains which places the crater in its namesake age group: the Copernican system, established as the youngest assemblage of rocks on the Moon (Shoemaker and Hackman, 1962, The Moon: London, Academic Press, p.289-300).
	www.solarviews.com /cap/moon/coper2.htm (100 words)

	Copernicus crater (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Copernicus, named after Nicolaus Copernicus, is one of the more prominent crater s on the Moon.
		Crater Lake National Park Crater Lake is open year-round, though the historic lodge is closed in winter.
		Nicolaus Copernicus Discovered that the Earth is not in the center of the Universe but it circles the Sun.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Copernicus_crater.html (424 words)

	Lunar Impact Crater Geology and Structure
		Bessel Crater, 16 kilometers in diameter and 2 kilometers deep, is an example of a transitional crater between simple and complex craters.
		The terraces and slump blocks on the inside of the crater rim and the relatively flat floor are both typical of large lunar craters.
		Copernicus Crater, 93 kilometers in diameter, is one of the youngest and freshest impact craters on the nearside of the Moon.
	www.lpi.usra.edu /expmoon/science/craterstructure.html (1154 words)

	Copernicus
		Copernicus had another reason to return to Italy, which he almost certainly did not disclose, and that was to continue his studies of astronomy.
		Copernicus returned to Frauenburg where his life became less eventful and he had the peace and quiet that he longed for to allow him to make observations and to work on details of his heliocentric theory.
		Copernicus is said to have received a copy of the printed book, consisting of about 200 pages written in Latin, for the first time on his deathbed.
	www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk /~history/Mathematicians/Copernicus.html (3101 words)

	Lunar Image of the Month
		The crater Copernicus is a relatively young one, having been formed by a massive impact nearly a billion years ago.
		Although other craters are larger or deeper or have more extensive ray systems, Copernicus scores well in all areas and has the benefit of a conspicuous position slightly north-west of centre as seen from the Earth.
		Meteor crater in Arizona, which was caused by the impact of an object estimated at 75000 tonnes, is a mere 1265 m / 4150 ft across and 175m / 575ft deep.
	www.inconstantmoon.com /lim_9909.htm (203 words)

	The Moon
		The highlands are composed of a heavily cratered crust composed largely of anorthosite.
		The general Lunar crater morphology is directly related to the size of the crater.
		The central peaks of large impact craters such as Copernicus may be composed of rocks that have been uplifted from deep in the crust.
	www.unm.edu /~abqtom/observing_the_moon.htm (2377 words)

	Copernicus, Nicolaus - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Copernicus, Nicolaus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Copernicus also held to the notion of spheres, in which the planets were supposed to travel.
		Copernicus was born in Toruń, on the River Vistula, Poland.
		Copernicus was at last persuaded to publish by friends and by his young pupil Rheticus, who issued an account of the new system under the title Narratio Prima de Libris Revolutionum.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Copernicus,%20Nicolaus (945 words)

	QHO's Lunar Gallery (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The large crater with the central peak on the mare's north shore is Gassendi.
		Gassendi is the crater on the terminator with the central peak.
		Copernicus is a relatively fresh crater and this image has been processed to bring out the details of the ray system.
	www.bitnik.com /QHO/lunar.html (533 words)

	APOD: 2005 March 5 - Tycho and Copernicus: Lunar Ray Craters (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		During partial lunar phases, the craters along the terminator are cast in dramatic relief by strong shadows.
		In general, ray craters are relatively young as their rays overlay the lunar terrain.
		Crater Copernicus, surrounded by dark mare which contrast nicely with its bright rays, is 93 kilometers in diameter.
	www.brera.mi.astro.it /apod/ap050305.html (194 words)

	Lunar Topography
		Craters are generally round depressions in the surface, caused by the impact of meteors or other space debris.
		Record the crater's diameter and the height of its walls using this image.
		At the edges of lunar maria, there are often damaged walls of craters formed before the maria.
	www.astro.washington.edu /labs/clearinghouse/labs/Lunartop/lunartop.html (595 words)

	Lunar Facts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The largest named crater on the visible side of the Moon is Bailly, a huge walled plain near the southern limb of the Moon.
		Copernicus has a diameter of 56 miles (91 km.) The crater's massive walls reach heights of 17,000 feet (5.183 meters) which is twice as high as the Grand Canyon of Earth!
		During one lunar month, the phases progress in sequence, with the area of light or shadow always moving from the right to the left in the northern hemisphere.
	starryskies.com /The_sky/events/lunar-2003/eclipse6.html (1136 words)

	Associazione Lunar Explorer Italia - Fotografie ed Immagini della Luna, Marte, Il Sistema Solare e l'Universo - Before ...
		Oblique view of Copernicus Crater from Lunar Orbiter 2-23 viste Caption NASA originale:"Lunar Orbiter 2 oblique northward view of the interior of the 100 Km diameter Copernicus Crater on the Moon.
		Bruce Crater and Sinus Medii-9 viste Caption NASA originale:"Lunar Orbiter 3 oblique view of Bruce Crater in the foreground and the Sinus Medii Mare plain on the Moon.
		The approximately 240 Km crater at the upper center of the image is located at 20° S, 130° E and exhibits a flat, dark infilled floor and prominent central peak.
	www.lunexit.it /gallery/thumbnails.php?album=60 (1024 words)

	Learn more about astronomy in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Photographed by the NASA Global Surveyor in Mars orbit, the long dark streak is formed by the movement of a swirling column of Martian atmosphere (with similarities to a terrestrial tornado).
		The dust devil (the fl spot) is climbing the crater wall.
		During the renaissance Copernicus proposed a heliocentric model of the Solar System.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /a/as/astronomy.html (1389 words)

	LPOD - 2004-11-20 - Lunar Photo of the Day
		Copernicus is the exemplar of a large complex crater.
		Eratosthenes is a junior Copernicus - 58 km diameter vs 93 km - and is somewhat older.
		Copernicus is clearly younger than Eratsothenes, and that crater, obviously, is older than the nearby maria and the Apennine Mountain spur the crater excavated into.
	www.lpod.org /LPOD-2004-11-20.htm (208 words)

	pajan99
		Much of the material ejected from Copernicus was a fine spray of minute glassy particles that smothered the surrounding landscape and produced conspicuous long bright rays, but some large fragments of excavated crust formed their own small secondary impact craters in a mechanical (rather than explosive) fashion.
		Copernicus is surrounded by a reasonable amount of detail in the maps by Hewelcke and Grimaldi, and charts by Anton Schyrleus (de Rheita) published in 1645 and Francesco Fontana in 1646 also depict the extensive ray systems around Copernicus, in addition to ray systems around other craters.
		Copernicus was closely scrutinised by the German selenographer Philip Fauth (1867-1942), who produced an intricate chart of the crater that holds up very well when compared with modern maps of the feature.
	website.lineone.net /~petergrego/pajan99.htm (1664 words)

	Lunar Images II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Albategnius (136km) crater is the center of this image.
		The large crater in the shadows is Sacrobosco (98km) which has three prominent craters inside it (13-17km) Two of the craters are obvious, while the third shows only part of its crater lip.
		Numerous pits and craters were created from fallout from the creation of Copernicus (lower left).
	www.astroimaging.com /Lunarsmall2.htm (649 words)

	Copernicus bk
		Copernicus crater is seen almost edge-on near the horizon at the center.
		The crater is 107 km in diameter and is centered at 9.7 N, 20.1 W. In the foreground is Mare Imbrium, peppered with secondary crater chains and elongated craters due to the Copernicus impact.
		The large crater near the center of the image is the 20 km diameter Pytheas, at 20.5 N, 20.6 W. At the upper edge of the Mare Imbrium are the Montes Carpatus.
	www.astrosurf.com /lunascan/Copbk.htm (911 words)

	Lunar Orbiter: Impact Crater Geology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Impact craters are produced by the collision of a meteorite or comet with the surface of the Moon, which ejects material and leaves behind a crater.
		The crater Tycho, 85 kilometers in diameter, is the youngest large impact crater on the Moon's nearside.
		Tycho is in the lunar highlands, and the terrain surrounding the crater is quite rugged.
	www.lpi.usra.edu /expmoon/orbiter/orbiter-craters.html (648 words)

	January: Copernicus Digitised Terrain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The crater Copernicus is one of the most carefully studied parts of the Moon.
		The colours represent spectrographic analysis of the area and illustrate the mineral composition of the lunar surface.
		It is easy to see that the crater has many different rock types in a complex geological structure.
	www.inconstantmoon.com /lim_0401.htm (81 words)

	Observing the Sky » Lunar Basins & their Names (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Basins are the largest craters on the Moon, but they weren’t recognized because nearly all of the ones on the Earth-ward facing hemisphere are filled with mare lava flows.
		Copernicus (93 km) is the type example of a large lunar crater, with terraced walls and significant central peaks.
		In fact, all of the lunar maria are contained within basins, although the multi-ring structure is difficult to detect at Fecunditatis, Tranquillitatis and Nubium.
	www.observingthesky.org /index.php?p=85 (680 words)

	Mare Insularum - Enpsychlopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The mare is bordered by the craters Copernicus on the east, and Kepler on the west.
		Copernicus is one of the most noticeable craters on the Moon.
		To the north is the Montes Apenninus range and the prominent Eratosthenes crater.
	www.grohol.com /psypsych/Sinus_Aestuum (270 words)

	JeffPo's Lunar Page
		I zoom in on a crater, examine it's floor and central peak.
		Notice the central peaks and the shadow of the crater rim lying on the crater floor.
		The rims of the crater have the early morning light, while the floor of the crater hangs onto the darkness of night.
	www.mindspring.com /~jeffpo/lunar.htm (900 words)

	A Clementine Collection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		This 95-km crater, believed to be approximately 800 million years old, is located near the center of the lunar nearside and exhibits prominent rays extending in all directions.
		Impact craters can be used as windows into the interior and this multispectral image of Copernicus provides dramatic new information about how materials are excavated, melted, mixed, and deposited in a major impact event.
		The extensive heterogeneity around the wall of the crater indicates materials are not intimately mixed in spite of the huge energy involved during crater formation.
	www.cmf.nrl.navy.mil /clementine/clem_collect/copern.html (275 words)

	A Day in the Life of the Moon
		The crater Hipparchus is at its visible best near the terminator on day 7 as is the mountain Piton, with its prominent peak at the terminator tonight.
		The Apennines, and the large craters Kepler, Copernicus and Tycho are beautiful at lunar sunset.
		A Clementine spacecraft mosaic of the lunar surface was mapped onto a sphere, and scenes were rendered as a virtual Sun "orbited" the Moon.
	www.geocities.com /CapeCanaveral/6389/Da_Moon.htm (1175 words)

	Steve Guida's Lunar Photography
		Note how the craters and mountains become visible along the terminator, the dividing line between sunlight and darkness.
		Copernicus is 58 miles (96 km) wide and 12,336 feet (2.34 miles - 3,780 m) deep!
		Visible features in this shot of the lunar crater fields in its southern hemisphere are Tycho, the rayed crater, which you can see during a full moon with the naked eye, and Gassendi, a walled plain.
	www.bunnyman.net /images/lp.htm (498 words)

	LUNAR ORBITER 2 PHOTO OF THE CENTURY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The distance right across the crater, from crest to crest, is 56 miles, but the true 'floor' is only 40 miles across, since the rest is blocked with rubble and debris produced by huge landslides from the ramparts.
		The crater, approximately 150 miles away, was shown obliquely, and the results was termed 'the Picture of the Century'; it was the most magnificent lunar view obtained up to that time, though of course we have since had far more detailed images from later space-craft, notably Clementine and Prospector.
		It was proclaimed the picture of the century, showing an incredible amount of detail of the crater Copernicus.
	www.ltpresearch.org /copernicus2.htm (606 words)

	Ranger program - Enpsychlopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The new images revealed that craters caused by impact were the dominant features of the Moon’s surface, even in the seemingly smooth and empty plains.
		Great craters were marked by small ones, and the small with tiny impact pockmarks, as far down in size as could be discerned -- about 50 centimeters (16 inches).
		The light-colored streaks radiating from Copernicus and a few other large craters turned out to be chains and nets of small craters and debris blasted out in the primary impacts.
	www.grohol.com /psypsych/Ranger_program (1170 words)

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