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	Copper Age - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Chalcolithic (Greek khalkos + lithos 'copper stone') period, also known as the Eneolithic (Aeneolithic) or Copper Age period, is a phase in the development of human culture in which the use of early metal tools appeared alongside the use of stone tools.
		The period is a transitional one outside of the traditional three-age system, and occurs between the neolithic and bronze age.
		It appears that copper was not widely exploited at first and that efforts in alloying it with tin and other metals began quite soon, making distinguishing distinct Chalcolithic cultures and periods difficult.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Chalcolithic (345 words)

	Bronze Age - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Bronze Age is a period in a civilization's development when the most advanced metalworking (at least in systematic and widespread use) consisted of techniques for smelting copper and tin from naturally occurring outcroppings of ore, and then alloying those metals in order to cast bronze.
		Copper was usually mixed with arsenic, yet the growing demand for tin resulted in the establishment of distant trade routes in and out of Anatolia.
		The late bronze age urnfield culture, (1300 BC-700 BC) is characterized by cremation burials.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bronze_Age (1576 words)

	Stone Age - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Another problem connected with the term Stone Age is that it was created to describe the archaeological cultures of Europe, and that it is inconvenient to use it in relation to regions such as some parts of the Americas and Oceania, where farmers or hunter-gatherers used stone for tools until European colonisation began.
		The same incongruence applies to the Iron Age worldwide, because in the Americas iron (but not copper, silver or gold) was unknown until 1492, in Oceania until the 17th century.
		This "transition" period is known as the Copper age or Chalcolithic.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Stone_Age (3088 words)

	A Metal for All Ages - The World and I Magazine
		And, as they had since the beginning of the Iron Age, copper and bronze continued to be the preferred metals for general-circulation coinage and the manufacture of religious and commemorative medals and medallions.
		Accordingly, copper and bronze have unusual importance in archaeology for, with the exception of gold and silver, they are the only metals to have survived from the Copper Age, Bronze Age, and the first 2,000 years of the Iron Age.
		Copper wire made possible the success of the transatlantic cable of 1858, the transcontinental telegraph line of 1861, Alexander Graham Bell's first telephone in 1876, and Thomas Edison's carbon-filament lightbulb in 1879.
	www.worldandi.com /public/1998/november/copper.cfm (3196 words)

	ARS \| Publication request: AGE AND COPPER INTAKE DO NOT AFFECT COPPER ABSORPTION, MEASURED WITH THE USE OF 65CU AS A ...
		Copper is accumulated in the fetus mainly at the end of the gestation period, and a substantial portion of the accumulated copper is retained in the liver of the fetus.
		The aim of this study was to evaluate copper absorption in infants during the first 3 mo of life and the effects of age and copper intake on copper absorption.
		At the end of the trial, copper absorption was measured by using orally administered 65Cu as a tracer and fecal monitoring of recovered 65Cu.
	www.ars.usda.gov /research/publications/publications.htm?SEQ_NO_115=146621&pf=1 (450 words)

	Nearshore Finfish Profiles: Copper Rockfish
		The copper rockfish is a highly variable species in terms of coloration, and due to this characteristic has been known by several names, depending to some degree upon locality.
		Size at age for copper rockfish, based on aging whole otoliths, from central California for the first 5 yr is as follows: age 0, to 3.6 in.
		Copper rockfish is one of the species taken in the commercial live-fish fishery.
	www.dfg.ca.gov /mrd/rockfish/copper.html (807 words)

	Copper Age -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Also known as the Chalcolithic or Eneolithic Period, the Copper Age was a time of diffuse and sporadic use of copper for a limited number of small tools and personal ornaments.
		If the age is defined simply as the time when copper first began to be used, then localized Copper Age cultures existed in southeastern Europe from the 5th millennium BC.
		Copper is used because, aside from costly silver, it is the best of all metals for conducting electricity.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9026195 (706 words)

	Arizona Mining Association :: Publications :: Copper: The Star of Arizona (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Copper and its alloys are used in electrical distribution and generation, electronic components, computers, refrigerators, plumbing, even simple door knobs, keys and coins.
		The copper concentrate is then smelted for the purpose of separating the elements — copper, iron and sulfur.
		The copper exchange is reversed in another tank that strips the copper from the organic solution and has a copper concentration approaching eight percent.
	www.azcu.org /custarofaz (3511 words)

	Copper deposits in south-west England identified as a source of Copper Age metalwork
		This paper is concerned specifically with five typologically related Copper Age artefacts, collectively described as group IMP-LI 2 (Rohl and Needham 1998, 87-8) on the grounds of their related lead isotope and trace element composition.
		The only copper deposits in the British Isles, or adjacent areas of continental north-western Europe, which would have been accessible in antiquity and which meet the strict criteria dictated by their geological age and the compositional and lead isotope data would be those associated with the emplacement of granitic rocks of the Variscan orogeny.
		The mineralogy of Bronze Age copper ores from the British Isles: implications for the composition of early metalwork.
	www.rosiehardman.com /provenance.html (1643 words)

	The prehistory of copper and bronze
		Copper ores are visible on some places in nature.
		When the copper was "mined", it could have been mixed with the tin ore by accident, so it produced a harder kind of copper, called "Asian copper".
		The Late Bronze Age in the Netherlands goes from about 1100 B.C.E. to 800 or 700 B.C.E. The most important difference between this period and previous periods is the sudden cremation of the dead, in stead of the burials.
	www.home.zonnet.nl /postbus/copper.html (1925 words)

	The Stone Age and the Copper Age (from Palestine) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		The Paleolithic Period (Old Stone Age) in Palestine was first fully examined by the British archaeologist Dorothy Garrod in her excavations of caves on the slopes of Mount Carmel in 1929–34.
		The Stone Age is usually divided into three separate periods—Paleolithic Period, Mesolithic Period, and Neolithic Period—based on the degree of sophistication in the fashioning and use of tools.
		Age distributions differ among countries mainly because of differences in the levels and trends of fertility.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-45045 (842 words)

	Atlantis, the Antediluvian World: Part III: Chapter VIII: The Bronze Age in Europe.
		It was this people who passed through an age of copper before they reached the age of bronze, and whose colonies in America represented this older form of metallurgy as it existed for many generations.
		The copper, the result of their mining, to be available, must, in all probability, have been conveyed in vessels, great or small, across a treacherous and stormy sea, whose dangers are formidable to us now, being dreaded even by our largest craft, and often proving their destruction.
		The copper mines of the Basques were extensively worked at a very early age of the world, either by the people of Atlantis or by the Basques themselves, a colony from Atlantis.
	www.sacred-texts.com /atl/ataw/ataw308.htm (4793 words)

	Age and copper intake do not affect copper absorption, measured with the use of 65Cu as a tracer, in young infants -- ...
		Age and copper intake do not affect copper absorption, measured with the use of 65Cu as a tracer, in young infants -- Olivares et al.
		Copper is accumulated in the fetus mainly at the
		accumulated copper is retained in the liver of the fetus (1).
	www.ajcn.org /cgi/content/full/76/3/641 (2943 words)

	Copper age history of Turkey (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Here, in a pot, is discovered a collection of silver and copper rings, part of a dagger and metallic pins.
		Canhasan site, on the 13 km northeast of Karaman town in Konya, unearthed by David French was a bridge between west and east Anatolia and Mesopotamia for trade and cultural exchange.
		Copper rings and bracelets are among the most important finds here.
	www.turizm.net /turkey/history/chalcholithic.html (296 words)

	Discover Copper: October 2005: The Golden Age That Never Ends
		Copper was used to create a blue glaze that was popular during King Tut’s reign and is shown here on the head of the cobra.
		Copper was the first metal used in any quantity by man, and it was only during the final stage of the Bronze Age (around 1600 B.C.) that an increase in tin imports spurred the use of bronze in Egypt.
		Turquoise belongs to the copper carbonate family of minerals and was mined along with copper in the Sinai Desert during King Tut’s reign.
	www.copper.org /about/discover/dc_oct2005/dc_oct2005.html (1700 words)

	Sierra: Empire Earth - Epochs: Copper Age
		Copper was one of the first metals widely used by humans, owing to its malleability and durability.
		By the start of the Copper Age the Egyptians were already constructing warships out of bundles of reeds.
		By the end of the Copper Age, agriculture had spread from the Middle East through all of Europe.
	www.empireearth2.com /epochs03_copper.jsp (503 words)

	Ancient Egyptian raw materials: metals - copper, bronze, iron, gold, silver, lead (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The objects were generally cast, which is quite difficult to do with copper because of the formation of gas bubbles during the pouring of the metal and its shrinking when it cooled down.
		Copper tools and weapons ceased to be produced, while models of such tools were still sometimes fashioned in copper.
		By the 18th dynasty silver and copper had been established as a mostly abstract means of exchange, with silver being worth half its weight in gold and 100 times its weight in copper.
	nefertiti.iwebland.com /trades/metals.htm (3565 words)

	ARS \| Publication request: AGE AND COPPER INTAKE DO NOT AFFECT COPPER ABSORPTION, MEASURED WITH THE USE OF 65CU AS A ...
		Interpretive Summary: The fetus receives a considerable amount of copper from the mother, and it is thought that the liver copper stores that the fetus has accumulated may help prevent copper deficiency during the early months of the infant's life.
		Essentially, the point of this study was to evaluate the effects of age and copper intake on copper absorption in infants during the first 3 months of life.
		Mean (+/- SD) copper absorption at 1 mo of age was 83.6 +/- 5.8% and 74.8 +/- 9.1% for the unsupplemented and supplemented infants, respectively.
	www.ars.usda.gov /research/publications/publications.htm?SEQ_NO_115=128428 (526 words)

	Hittites iron Iron Age Bronze Age Tin Copper
		The melting temperature of three metals, iron, copper, and tin, is at the heart of the Hittite discovery.
		The Bronze Age thus saw the anomaly of an iron-making capability and limited demand for the metal before the Iron Age began.
		During the reign of Tudhaliyas IV (1265 - 1240), the Assyrians took the kingdom of Isuwa and its copper mines from the Hittites.
	www.periclespress.com /Hittites_iron.html (2373 words)

	Copper Age
		The Copper Age in the Carpathian basin does not indicate a steady, nor particularly a linear development in history.
		In the second half of the Middle Copper Age a completely new culture that differed in every aspect from the previous one appeared in the western part of the Carpathian basin, also around Budapest.
		In the Late Copper Age the use of copper significantly decreased.
	www.aquincum.hu /oskor/arezkor.html (992 words)

	Geology - ProvenceBeyond
		Named from the Greek for copper + stone, this was the transition period between the neolithic and the bronze ages.
		This early part of the iron age is characterized by elaborate funeral rites and is marked by an increasing use of iron and an increasing skill in ironwork.
		Later, the Stone Age was divided into the Palaeolithic and the Neolithic and further subdivisions were introduced to divide all the ages into early, mid or late (or lower, middle and upper in the case of the Palaeolithic) sections.
	www.provencebeyond.com /history/geology.html (1304 words)

	Copper chip age coming \| CNET News.com
		Copper interconnects therefore allow the chip size to be reduced while speed and complexity is increased.
		While copper won't be used broadly for a number of years, manufacturers are already making plans to convert to the metal, said Rob Davenport, director of product marketing in the chemical mechanical polishing division at Applied.
		Many are looking to employ copper more broadly with the advent of the 0.13-micron manufacturing process, an ultrafine manufacturing process that's two technology generations from now.
	news.com.com /2100-1001-211539.html?legacy=cnet&owv (910 words)

	Stone age - Trade Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Template:Seemain The Neolithic (New Stone Age) is characterised by the adoption of agriculture (the so-called Neolithic Revolution), the development of pottery and more complex, larger settlements such as Çatal Hüyük and Jericho.
		The most well-known sculptures from the stone age portray women that would be classified as obese in our times: emphasis was put on broad hips and large breasts.
		This type of sculpture was excavated in numerous places from France to Siberia, and was therefore typical of the stone age culture.
	www.bestbuy.tiptophot.com /trade/index.php?title=Stone_age (3349 words)

	Copper (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Gold was probably the first metal to attract man's attention because of its sparkling yellow color, and iron in the form of meteorites may have been used before copper in some localities.
		European copper mines of the Bronze Age are known in Austria, Germany, France, Spain, Portugal, Greece and Tyrol.
		The world today's copper industry is confronted with many technical and economic problems; one of the most challenging is preventing the loss of markets to substitute materials such as aluminum, steel and plastics.
	nautilus.fis.uc.pt /st2.5/scenes-e/elem/e02900.html (149 words)

	Copper Age on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Cetina group and the transition from Copper to Bronze Age in Dalmatia.
		Copper craftsman.Keywords:man 45 to 60 years men people person middle aged man man middle aged adult adult 45 to 60 years old male human being man all ages population middle age mature handicraft craftsmanship secondary sector industry handcraft handiwork
		The copper belt in the north provided most of the export earnings and the expertise of the whites was still needed.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/x/x-c1oppera1g.asp (731 words)

	Copper Development Association - www.copper.org - Info on copper and its alloys.
		Copper Saves Money in RFID Antennas - Rapidly advancing technologies ensure a role for copper in future RFID systems.
		Copper Could Control Infections: A new study holds promise for stemming MRSA contamination by using copper alloys for surfaces in healthcare facilities...
		An examination of copper nickel sailboat, the Asperida, after more than thirty years in seawater.
	www.copper.org (202 words)

	Great Orme Mines
		Uncovered in 1987 during a scheme to landscape an area of the the Great Orme, the copper mines discovered below the ground represent one of the most astounding archaeological discoveries of recent time.
		Dating back 4,000 years to the Bronze Age they change our views about the ancient people of Britain and their civilized and structured society 2,000 years before the Roman invasion.
		The highlight of the tour is the amazing Bronze Age Cavern, dug out over 3,500 years ago by miners using nothing more than bone and stone tools.
	www.greatorme.freeserve.co.uk (238 words)

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