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Topic: Copper Green

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	copper, chemical element. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Other important ores are chalcocite, or copper glance, a shiny lead-gray copper sulfide; bornite, a lustrous reddish-brown sulfide of copper and iron; cuprite, a red cuprous oxide ore; and malachite, a bright green carbonate ore. Azurite is a blue crystalline basic carbonate of copper found with other copper ores.
		Copper oxide ores are usually treated by a different process, called leaching, in which the copper in the ore is dissolved in a leaching solution (usually dilute sulfuric acid); pure copper is recovered by electrolysis.
		Copper tubing is used in plumbing, and, because of its high heat conductivity, in heat-exchanging devices such as refrigerator and air-conditioner coils.
	www.bartleby.com /65/co/copper.html (890 words)

	Copper Green (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Copper Green is reported by American investigative journalist Seymour Hersh to be one of several code name s for a US fl ops program, according to an article in the May 24, 2004 issue of The New Yorker.
		Copper to Copper, LLC Maker of lamination foil (copper aluminum copper) manufactured for the printed circuit board industry.
		Abacus Tubes Ltd. Copper and copper alloy tubes for general engineering, heat exchangers, decorative brassware, pneumatics, instrumentation, lighting; soft copper tube may be PVC coated.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Copper_Green.html (856 words)

	Why Does Copper Turn My Wrist Green?
		The green stains are caused by deposits of chelated copper and their presence relates directly to the body chemistry of the wearer.
		Copper in its pure metallic form cannot be taken in by our bodies, while chelated copper compounds are easily absorbed by our skin.
		Green marks are also believed to appear when the body is hungry for copper.
	www.ilovecopper.com /ext2.htm (1010 words)

	Innovations: SX/EW Process Aug 2001
		Beyond this, however, copper can truly be cited as the "green" metal both for its role in protecting the natural environment through its use in energy-saving applications and for the achievements that have been realized in the production of the metal in an environmentally sound manner.
		In the smelting operation, the concentrate is fed to a smelter together with oxygen and the copper and iron sulfides are oxidized at high temperature resulting in impure molten metallic copper (97 to 99%), molten iron oxide and gaseous sulfur dioxide.
		In electrowinning the copper must be reduced from the cupric form to metal; whereas, in electrorefining the copper is already in metallic form and is merely transported from the anode to the cathode to purify it.
	www.copper.org /innovations/2001/08/hydrometallurgy.html (2195 words)

	Why Does Copper Turn Green? \| The Copper Star
		The natural weathering of copper is a direct consequence of the corrosive attack of airborne sulfur compounds.
		In general, copper changes in hue from a natural salmon through a progression of russet browns, grays and finally to a blue-green or gray-green patina.
		Because copper appears low in the reactivity scale of metals, the formation of patina takes an extended period of time, usually 8 to10 years.
	www.thecopperstar.itcstore.com /default.aspx?p=77661 (160 words)

	SCAFFOLDS Fruit Journal, March 18, 1996
		Copper sprays applied either at leaf fall in autumn and/or as a dormant spray in spring have been very effective for controlling bacterial canker on sweet cherries in the Hudson Valley.
		Copper is toxic to pollen, and the earlier flowering date for cherries as compared with apples increases the likelihood that copper residues from spring applications could interfere with pollination.
		The Green Tip copper spray is not a substitute for appropriate applications of streptomycin during bloom, but orchards sprayed with copper are likely to have less blight than comparable orchards where the copper spray is omitted.
	www.nysaes.cornell.edu /ent/scaffolds/1996/scaffolds_0325.html (1986 words)

	Copper green glazes
		They have been, and often still are, referred to as copper resinate, a green pigment made by dissolving copper acetate in a (molten) resin such as rosin or in a varnish.
		In addition he supposes that 'copper acetates (verdigris) react in the course of time with oil-media or proteinaceous media or resins to form respectively transparent copper salts of fatty acids, copper-protein compounds or copper salts of resin acids'.
		This different behaviour of pigment particles in verdigris mixtures supports the conclusion that the occurrence of traces of basic copper chlorides and sulphates in 15th to 17th C Italian and Dutch paintings could be related to verdigris in which the copper acetate particles themselves had dissolved (Ad 3, vide supra).
	www.amolf.nl /research/biomacromolecular_mass_spectrometry/molart/Coppergrgl.html (1698 words)

	Verdigris (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		In colloquial terms the patina, consisting of green copper salts, is often described as "verdigris".
		Neutral Verdigris is neutral copper acetate which occurs when basic acetates are dissolved in acetic acid, or when basic verdigris is ground up with strong acidic acid.
		This copper resinate is rather transparent and often used as an overpaint to increase depth of saturation of an opaque green.
	www.corrosion-doctors.org /Artifacts/verdigris.htm (319 words)

	CDA Press Releases: June 20, 2005, Going Green? Why Copper Is The Right Choice
		Copper — a naturally occurring element — is one of the most recycled and recyclable of metals.
		Enough copper is recycled annually to supply all the plumbing and architectural products for all new buildings — commercial and residential — constructed in the USA in a single year.
		Copper tube and sheet products can be recycled over and over with no loss of their engineering properties.
	www.copperinyourhome.com /about/pressreleases/2005/pr2005_06_20.html (555 words)

	Copper in the treatment of Disease
		From what I have seen, copper has fallen into disuse as anti-parasitic because Malachite Green and formalin are very effective at nontoxic levels to plants and less stressful levels to fish.
		Twenty-five years ago (as today) Copper was sold to treat ick, but back then people were also still selling Methylene Blue under the mistaken belief that it had antibiotic or anti-parasitic properties rather than merely retarding some bacterial growth.
		The aniline dye known as Malachite Green (also known as benzaldehyde Green) is a particular chemical that is made up of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and chlorine atoms.
	badmanstropicalfish.com /copper.html (402 words)

	Printable Documents
		Copper's symbol on the Periodic Chart of the Elements is Cu, an abbreviation of cuprum.
		Mining and trade were needed to obtain copper and tin, armies were needed to protect the mines and t he shipments of copper and tin, markets were needed for the trade goods, and industry was needed to generate goods to trade for copper.
		This new type of copper ore was found in a type of rock called a "porphyry", a sort of granite with a fine-grained groundmass with large crystals embedded in it.
	www.unr.edu /sb204/geology/coptext.html (9521 words)

	Alan Guisewite's Mineral Collection Images: Copper Minerals Page
		The rarest of the atacamite polymorphs, this miniature of bright green botallackite (a copper hydroxychloride) on matrix was collected in the mid-1990s from the Dooneen Mine, Allihies, Beara Peninsula, County Cork, Ireland.
		Chalcopyrite is a copper iron sulfide (as is bornite) and the most important copper ore. This massive miniature's from the Groundhog Mine in Grant County, New Mexico.
		Connellite's a complex copper hydroxylchlorosulfate that forms tiny acicular crystals, as on this miniature with tenorite and chrysocolla on a coarsely crystalline cuprite matrix from Bisbee, Cochise County, Arizona.
	www-2.cs.cmu.edu /~adg/adg-pcuimages.html (5806 words)

	The mineral copper
		Native copper is found only in small quantities throughout the world, but there are a few areas that are rich in findings, such as the Keweenaw Peninsula in Michigan.
		Native Copper was the only source of copper until the turn of the century, when extraction methods were improved.
		Copper is also used in pigments, insecticides, and fungicides, although it has of lately been largely replaced by synthetic chemicals.
	www.minerals.net /mineral/elements/copper/copper.htm (341 words)

	Emerald green - history
		Schweinfurt green or emerald green was developed in an attempt to improve Scheele's green.
		This copper aceto-arsenite pigment was first produced commercially by the firm of Wilhelm Sattler at Schweinfurt, Germany in 1814.
		Schweinfurt green had brilliance unlike any other copper green.
	webexhibits.org /pigments/indiv/history/emerald.html (315 words)

	MFA - CAMEO - Material Description
		Basic copper carbonate can also be made artificially by coloring chalk with copper sulfate.
		The synthetic pigment, called green verditer, tends to have regularly sized particles with rounded edges with a paler color than malachite.
		Natural malachite was occasionally used in tempera based paintings before the 16th century and later, green verditer was used for both distemper and oil based interior house paints in the 19th century.
	www.mfa.org /_cameo/frontend/material_description.asp?name=malachite&language=1 (273 words)

	Vitriol
		Today, one understands with 'verdigris' a poisonous green cover, emerging under the influence of atmospheric oxygen and vinegar fumes on copper or brass, which thus chemically consists of copper acetates.
		The household name 'vitriol' stands therefore not only synonymously for the Green Lion of the philosophers as a substance, but it is also a symbol for the whole process of the operis magni.
		After that, different salts are treated with their help, whereupon the 'second green vitriol of the philosophers' is first gained, often truly in the form of a salt.
	www.triad-publishing.com /stone20e.html (1569 words)

	Copper in Your Home: Archtecture, Lighting & Decor
		This section of Copper In Your Home looks to present a range of design possibilities and ideas for those looking to build a home, or remodel and decorate their existing homestead.
		This article published by Cleveland, Ohio's Plain Dealer, highlights the fact that the homeowners have fallen in love with copper (again) on the exterior of our homes and that we appreciate the copper that is used inside the homes, even when we don't see the copper....
		Copper Topics: Published by the Copper Development Association to highlight market development news of the copper and brass industry:
	www.copper.org /copperhome/Architecture/architecture_home.html (271 words)

	MFA - CAMEO - Material Description
		Historically, the various types of copper corrosion products were not differentiated but rather lumped together and called aerugo or verdigris.
		In the 20th century, this practice has carried over with the use of verdigris as a common, though chemically incorrect, name for natural green patinas formed on outdoor copper, brass, and bronze.
		Depending on atmospheric pollutants, however, these corrosion products are typically composed of copper sulfate, copper chloride, or basic copper carbonate.
	mfa.org /_cameo/frontend/material_description.asp?name=verdigris&... (277 words)

	Copper - Copper Canyon Press
		Copper and Tin The good news is, choosing problems is something that can be But adding this ability to raw brainpower is like adding tin to copper.
		Copper and iron molecules When you put your dirty pennies in the vinegar and salt, the copper oxide and some of the copper dissolve in the water.
		Copper tube, pipe and fittings home page by CDA to provide industry professionals and consumers with information of copper applications in plumbing.
	weather-vane.yoursuperengine.com /q/weather-vane-copper.htm (644 words)

	The Reality-Based Community: Copper Green
		The code-name "Copper Green" should make it relatively easy for Congress to find out what was going on, especially since, if Hersh has the story right, there are several people in the CIA who know what was going on and are fulminatingly angry about it.
		And he says that senior officers of the Army JAG corps approached the President of the New York City Bar Association's Committee on International Human Rights to ask him to do something about interrogation practices.
		Hersh also asserts that "Copper Green" -- which he says originated as a program to capture or kill to Al-Qaeda and Taliban figures -- was classified-way-beyond-Top-Secret Special Access Program, and that some of the interrogators working at Abu Ghraib had been put under Copper Green auspices.
	www.markarkleiman.com /archives/torture_/2004/05/copper_green.php (585 words)

	Metalworking FAQ/Compendium
		Copper sulphide is a fl, insoluble material responsible for the color of some patinas along with the oxide.
		I reasoned that if I could plate the steel with copper and then convert the copper to patina in a fume not only would the job be easier but it would also be safer than dealing with solvents or corrosive patination techniques (such as a cupric nitrate patination) over large surface areas.
		The copper on the surface is attacked by ammonia liquid, not as much by the fume which has a different chemical composition than the liquid.
	w3.uwyo.edu /~metal/patinas.html (5017 words)

	Why is her copper green? - www.ezboard.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Copper always turns green or greenish-blue when it is exposed to the outside elements (rain, etc.).
		It is the nature of copper and bronze to protect itself by forming this greenish "patina" on itself to prevent rusting and corrosion.
		This process is called "patination." This same process can be found on copper pennies that have been left outside for a long while.
	p078.ezboard.com /fstatueoflibertyclubquestionsaboutthestatueofliberty.showMessage?topicID=58.topic (104 words)

	Verdigris and Copper Resinate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		It was originaly made by hanging copper plates over hot vinegar in a sealed pot and would stay there until a green crust would form on the copper.
		Another method of of obtaining verdigris pigment, which occured in the Middle Ages, was to attach copper strips to a wooden block with acetic acid, then the sealed block was buried in dung.
		One method used in the early nineteenth century had to do with reacting copper sulfate solution with solutions of lead, barium, or calcium acetate because all of these are insoluable these solutions form percipitates and the copper acetate remains in solution.
	www.sewanee.edu /chem/Chem&Art/Detail_Pages/Pigments/Verdigris (497 words)

	Malachite Glass from the Glass Encyclopedia
		Malachite is a green copper carbonate mineral which occurs naturally and has concentric layers.
		This was green with clear or white streaks and a gold enamelled pattern, and was continued until 1910.
		Originally offered in jade green and lapis blue, they have since been made in a wide range of colours.
	www.glassencyclopedia.com /malachiteglass.html (642 words)

	www.CopperCanyon-Mexico.com - Welcome to the Copper Canyon! - Chihuahua State Tourism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The Copper Canyon is truly one of the Western Hemisphere's great scenic and cultural journeys, the Sierra Tarahumara (Copper Canyon) belongs on the wish list of most every traveler.
		The name, "Copper Canyon" is used as a general reference to the Canyons.
		Also of note is the fact that copper was never mined in great quantities here.
	www.coppercanyon-mexico.com (721 words)

	QandO: Copper Green
		According to interviews with several past and present American intelligence officials, the Pentagon’s operation, known inside the intelligence community by several code words, including Copper Green, encouraged physical coercion and sexual humiliation of Iraqi prisoners in an effort to generate more intelligence about the growing insurgency in Iraq.
		It is also quite possible that a secret program very much like Copper Green does exist, but that it has nothing whatsoever to do with what happened at Abu Ghraib.
		It is important to point out that Copper Green, as I understand Hersh's article, was not a program of physical torture or abuse.
	qando.net /archives/002992.htm (2491 words)

	Copper Green -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Copper Green -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article
		According to the article, the sexual humiliation techniques were based on research done by the late cultural anthropologist Raphael Patai in 1973 in "The Arab Mind", which claimed to be a "study of Arab culture and psychology".
		Senators on Capitol Hill, most notably the former (A person who surrenders to (or is taken by) the enemy in time of war) POW (additional info and facts about John McCain) John McCain, promised to investigate the reported claims, "regardless of where it leads".
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/c/co/copper_green.htm (243 words)

	Copper green (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Remove residual oxides with acid dips or a substitute such as Sparex (sodium bisulphate) in a hot solution, which is less caustic.It is necessary to get the copper surface chemically clean, with any pre-existing oxides scrubbed off.
		The patina chemicals can be sprayed on or applyed with a brush, but be careful to use one that doesn't have a steel ferrule, because this will contaminate the patina.
		Depending on your atmosperic conditions, your green patina may or may not last.
	users.lmi.net /~drewid/copper_green.htm (353 words)

	Copper with green turquoise cuff bracelet - 2092 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Since medieval times, man's belief in the power of copper to heal the mind and body has been based upon it's energy conducting properties.
		Wearing copper is thought to improve communication and channeling, and to assist with cleansing, purification and increasing self-esteem by stimulating the flow of mental energy.
		More and more physical and mental health professionals are becoming aware of this material's amazing holistic benefits, and routinely wear copper jewelry for aid in the relief of arthritic and rheumatic diseases, to improve blood circulation and oxygen use, for detoxification and to help stabilize metabolism.
	www.rubylane.com /shops/ronquattro/item/2092 (258 words)

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