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Topic: Copper mine

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	Copper - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Copper may well be the oldest metal in use, as copper artifacts dating to 8700 BC have been found.
		Copper was associated with the goddess Aphrodite / Venus in mythology and alchemy, owing to its lustrous beauty, its ancient use in producing mirrors, and its association with Cyprus, which was sacred to the goddess.
		Copper is found in a variety of enzyme s, including the copper centers of cytochrome c oxidase, the Cu-Zn containing enzyme superoxide dismutase, and is the central metal in the oxygen carrying pigment hemocyanin.
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /copper.htm (1395 words)

	Mining - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Mining is the extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the earth, usually (but not always) from an ore body, vein, or (coal) seam.
		Another early mining operation was the turquoise mine operated by the ancient Egyptians at Wady Maghareh on the Sinai Peninsula.
		Turquoise was also mined in pre-Columbian America in the Cerillos Mining District in New Mexico, where a mass of rock 200 feet (60 m) in depth and 300 feet (90 m) in width was removed with stone tools; the mine dump covers 20 acres (81,000 mÂ²).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mining (589 words)

	Arizona Mining Association :: Mine to Market (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Copper mining begins with a team of scientists, including exploration geologists, geochemists, geophysicists, metallurgists and engineers discovering a copper ore deposit — a concentration of copper minerals that can be mined profitably.
		From the mine, copper ore, containing copper-sulfide minerals, is crushed and ground to a size suitable for recovery of the copper mineral.
		The 99% pure copper anodes are immersed in an acid bath where the pure copper is transferred from the anodes at the positive pole of an electric circuit to cathodes at the negative pole.
	www.azcu.org /minetomarket (518 words)

	Anaconda Copper Mine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Anaconda Copper Mine was a large copper mine in Butte, Montana.
		From this beginning grew the Anaconda Copper Mining Company, a global mining enterprise featuring the Anaconda and other Butte mines, a smelter at Anaconda, Montana, processing plants in Great Falls, Montana, the American Brass Company, and many other properties, mostly in the United States and Chile.
		The Anaconda mine itself was closed in 1947 after producing 94,900 tons of copper.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Anaconda_Copper_Mine (171 words)

	Mining
		The first mining operation on Earth may have been the turquoise mine operated by the ancient Egyptians at Wady Maghareh on the Sinai Peninsula.
		Turquoise was also mined in pre-Columbian America in the Cerillos Mining District in New Mexico, where a mass of rock 200 feet in depth and 300 feet in width was removed with stone tools; the mine dump covers 20 acres.
		Mining techniques can be divided into two basic excavation types: 1) open-cast or open-pit mining and 2) tunneling by shafts into the earth.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/mining (404 words)

	Chapter - 1 The Ashio Copper mine pollution case: The origins of environmental destruction
		Copper played an important role in the development of Japan's capitalism, and the main domestic copper producer was the Ashio copper mine.
		The Ashio copper mine, by meeting the increased demand for copper, which was needed both for foreign-exchange and military purposes, came to be the foundation upon which Japan's imperialism was built.
		This first Ashio Copper Mine Survey Committee, however, had a hidden agenda: its primary objectives were the suppression of the heightened pressure of public opinion against the operation of the mine and the undermining of the farmers' movements and demonstrations.
	www.unu.edu /unupress/unupbooks/uu35ie/uu35ie04.htm (3828 words)

	copper mining and processing - from mine to copper plate
		There are two distinct types of copper ore, the sulfide ore and the oxide ore. The sulfide ores are beneficiated in flotation cells, while the oxide ores are generally leached.
		The froth flotation cells recover the copper from sulfide ores by chemically attaching the copper to a chemical bubble and overflowing the froth (bubbles with copper).
		The copper plate is then dissolved in sulfuric acid and sent to the electrowinning cells for plating onto cathodes, along with the concentrated copper from the SX circuits.
	www.mine-engineer.com /mining/copperm.htm (556 words)

	Mine Information
		Mining, mostly on the Knowlton and Butler, from 1863 until 1870 yielded about 410,000 kg of refined copper at a grade of about 1.25% before fire destroyed the mill.
		The Caledonia Mine was combined with the Flintsteel properties in 1870 and a new mill was built to process accumulated ore. Only a small amount of mining was done before the operation was closed.
		Grade of ore from the Knowlton lode was estimated at 1.45% copper.
	www.red-metal.com /mine.htm (902 words)

	Falu copper mine.
		During the latter part of the 16th century, new, rich ores were discovered, but the really great period of the mine came in the 17th century, with a peak around the middle, when 3,000 tons of crude copper were extracted from the ores mined.
		Nowadays the mine is worked for the sake of its rich deposits of iron pyrite and zinc, lead and copper ores.
		As mining operations expanded, supplies of food and clothing for the workers, of wood for the mine and charcoal for the copper-works were required.
	www.geonord.org /shows/falueng.html (3059 words)

	Copper Mine
		The relative value of copper and byproducts vs. material [1], energy [2], and environmental [3] costs is a difficult issue to address within the time constraints of a 3 or 4 week module.
		Copper ore characteristics: predominant mineral forms (oxidic vs. sulfidic), their relative value (quality) and geological location (depth and associated minerals), the relative solubility (magnitude of Ksp) and acid-base characteristics of these minerals.
		378 in Extractive Metallurgy of Copper (Biswas and Davenport).
	mc2.cchem.berkeley.edu /Modules/copper (3621 words)

	Articles - Kennecott Copper Mine \| Utah.com
		Copper is versatile, strong, easily pounded and stretched and shaped to endless applications, it resists corrosion and is a good conductor of heat and electricity.
		Since mining here began in 1906 more than six million tons of copper have been produced, along with vast quantities of by-products like gold and silver and molybdenum.
		In the middle of one of the ranges a huge vein of copper thrust towards the surface in the form of a 9,000-foot high mountain.
	www.utah.com /schmerker/2000/kennecott_mine.htm (1461 words)

	History of the Caledonia Copper Mine, Upper Peninsula of Michigan, Guided Collecting Tours
		The Caledonia Mine is southwest of the Mass and Adventure Mines within an area of native copper deposits outside of the major deposits of the Keweenaw Peninsula native copper district, some 40 km southwest of a major producer, the Baltic Mine.
		Mining, mostly on the Knowlton and Butler, from 1863 until 1870 yielded about 410,000 kg of refined copper at a grade of about 1.25 % before fire destroyed the mill.
		Grade of ore from the Knowlton lode was estimated at 1.45 % copper.
	www.exploringthenorth.com /redmetal/history.html (956 words)

	Cyanide ban demanded at Crandon mine
		Because mining wastes are not subject to hazardous waste laws, NMC plans to landfill waste cyanide in its mine waste dump and underground in the abandoned mine.
		The mining company wants to exempt the Crandon mine from the cyanide ban by restricting the ban to type of ore processing that would not be used at the mine.
		But problems with cyanide in mining are not only during the ore processing, which separates the metal from the ore, but mainly with the transportation of cyanide before the processing, and the storage of cyanide wastes after the processing.
	www.alphacdc.com /treaty/cyanide.html (2687 words)

	Mining Technology - RTZ CRA Ore Mine - Bingham Canyon - Utah
		The Bingham Canyon mine, Copperton concentrator and Garfield smelter comprise one of the largest and most up-to-date integrated copper operations in the world: major investments during the past 15 years have ensured economically and environmentally sound operation.
		Mining uses a rotary drilling/blasting — shovel/truck — in-pit crushing system, with two to four blasts per day.
		The 98.6% copper from the new converter is refined to 99.5% copper in two anode furnaces.
	www.mining-technology.com /projects/bingham (881 words)

	The Falun copper mine
		No one knows when copper mining started but we do know that the mine was already operating by the year 1000.
		The Falun mine retained its position as Sweden’s biggest industrial workplace for a long time and was a major producer of copper well into the 19th century.
		The mine was in operation until 8 December 1992, when the last blast echoed through the mine, signalling the end of a thousand years of copper mining.
	www.dalarna.se /kulturidalarna/eng/falugruva.html (673 words)

	Clive Copper Mine
		The copper collected on the base of the tank as a dark brown solid, this was removed, dried and sold as a precipitate averaging 75% copper.
		This part of the mine is the most picturesque section of the mine with colourful staining on the sandstone produced by various minerals such as copper, iron, cobalt and manganese.
		Towards the end of this section the copper vein is lost and the mine enters a tramming level, while the colour of the sandstone changes to a deeper red.
	www.serve.com /scmc/clivecu.html (2512 words)

	Kennecott Copper Mine
		Kennecott Copper Mine, the world's largest man-made excavation and first open-pit, is located 28 miles southwest of Salt Lake City.
		The Kennecott Copper Mine is dedicated to educating the public about safe and environmentally friendly mining, in addition to teaching the value of copper and other mined products.
		In addition to copper, the mine also produces about 400,000 ounces of gold, 4,000,000 ounces of silver and 20,000,000 pounds of molybdenum.
	www.utah.com /attractions/kennecott.htm (279 words)

	Copper Mining History and Copper Harbor Michigan
		Copper was first mined in this area by an ancient vanished race between 5,000 and 1,200 bc.
		Pure copper masses, some weighing 100 tons, were chiseled, hammered, blasted, cut in pieces and hauled to the surface bit by bit.
		Bringing copper to the surface required increasing amounts of physical plant investment and it was apparent to geologists that the mines of the district had reached maturity.
	www.exploringthenorth.com /cophistory/cophist.html (886 words)

	Wales Underground - Sygun Copper Mine
		There are many reminders of mining in Snowdonia where the deep valleys and rocky outcrops encouraged the exploitation of minerals and power was readily available from the water to drive the processing machinery by water-wheels.
		The Sygun mine is one mile from the village of Beddgelert in the glorious Gwynant Valley in the heart of the Snowdonia National Park.
		The mines and run up the hillside overlooking Llyn Dinas, to Llwyn-Ddu, from which there is an excellent view across to the southern side of the Snowdon Massif.
	www.underground-wales.org.uk /sygun (282 words)

	Virtual Copper Mine Tour (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		The mine in the photographs is the Bagdad open pit copper mine in Western Arizona operated by Cyprus Mining.
		Copper ore is usually present in its oxide mineral forms near the surface as that is where it will be most exposed to the atmospheric oxygen and water.
		A sulfide ore is one in which the major element the copper is chemically combined with is sulfur.
	www-glg.la.asu.edu /resources/virtual-trips/index.html (1565 words)

	VII. Copper-poisoning issues and their aftermath
		This is because, in the Ashio mine situation, no effective measures were taken against poisons which caused environmental destruction over a very wide area, and the responsibility for improving the situation came to rest solely with the farmers; even the compensation made by the copper company was not official.
		They made requests to the mining company for donations through which these poison-prevention systems could be built, but most expenses had to be covered by their own funds or a limited supply of government funds.
		Production from the mine declined in the last years of the war, reaching its bottom during the period immediately after the war because of the economic recession and a lack of materials.
	www.unu.edu /unupress/unupbooks/uu35ie/uu35ie07.htm (3154 words)

	Mines of Chile: Chuquicamata Copper Mine
		Chuquicamata is an opencast copper mine, where a relatively poor copper ore is mined in impressive huge amounts.
		The Chuquicamata mine produces sulfidic ores, whilst the nearby Chuqui Sur mine, formerly known as Exótica, primarily produces oxide ores.
		But the mine is a working mine, and so the visits are more or less a kind of promotion visit of the mining company.
	www.showcaves.com /english/misc/mines/Chuquicamata.html (482 words)

	City of Bisbee, Arizona Online
		Bisbee’s Queen Mine was one of the richest copper mines in history.
		The mine opened in 1877 and eventually closed when Phelps Dodge discontinued mining operations in Bisbee in the mid–1970’s.
		Tours are conducted by miners who worked in the mines and tell their own stories from personal experiences.
	www.cityofbisbee.com /queenminetours.htm (230 words)

	Schuyler Copper Mine
		Since the copper mine has been a source of considerable discussion on this list, and since this article had quite a bit of information, I am sharing it here.
		The Schuyler copper mine always has had a bugaboo; time and again water has driven out miners, even though huge pumps were installed.
		The mine which operated at a great pace until 1772, was responsible for the partial development of Schuyler avenue, Belleville turnpike and Passaic avenues.
	kearnyalumni.com /copper (831 words)

	Moonta Copper Mine » ABC Adelaide
		The Wheal Hughes Copper Mine at Moonta on South Australia's Yorke Peninsula is a relatively new mine with a short history.
		After the copper was mined from the open cut, the miners went underground in search of copper.
		The Wheal Hughes Mine is on the Wallaroo Road at Moonta.
	www.abc.net.au /adelaide/stories/s1134197.htm (295 words)

	Sygun Copper Mine Attractions in Snowdonia North Wales
		The Sygun Copper Mine is a family attraction situated in the heart of the Snowdonia National Park and is open most of the year.
		The Sygun Copper Mine is an excellent venue for groups and includes many fantastic activities such as 'Gold-panning' (seasonal) and is the venue for the 'British Adventure Racing Championship 2003' to be shown on Channel 4 and Sky TV.
		The Sygun Copper Mines have been featured on the BBC2 program 'This Land' and is a member of the Attractions of Snowdonia and a member of Wales Underground.
	www.syguncoppermine.co.uk (172 words)

	Bisbee’s Copper Queen Mine - DesertUSA
		Today, tours of Bisbee’s famed Copper Queen Mine rank as one of the area’s top tourist attractions, drawing visitors from throughout the United States and abroad.
		He lost the race, and he forfeited his claim to what turned out to be one of the richest copper mines in the West.
		Today, the Copper Queen Mine tour is such a popular attraction that I could not resist taking it.
	www.desertusa.com /mag01/jan/stories/bbee.html (737 words)

	Save our Shaft
		Of the once extensive Copper Range Co. mines that ran from Atlantic Mine to Painesdale, the Champion #4 is the only shafthouse that remains to tell the story of one of Keweenaw's greatest mining companies.
		By preserving and restoring the Champion #4 Shaft-Rockhouse, Painesdale Mine and Shaft, Inc. hopes to someday open it as a museum so that future generations can experience the sights, sounds, smells, and the feel of mining as it once was.
		Painesdale Mine and Shaft, Inc. is a nonprofit, volunteer corporation organized for the purpose of the preservation and restoration of the Champion #4 Shafthouse in Painesdale, Mi.
	www.copperrange.org /sos.htm (718 words)

	Everything Alaska / Kennecott Copper Mine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Because they also controlled salmon canneries, a trading company, coal mines and two steamship companies editorials painted a picture of the "Morganheims" as villains because of their greed.
		The town built around the Kennicott Mine had a population of approximately 300 people, but the miners lived up by the mines.
		The mine produced 4.6 million tons of ore. It averaged 13% copper and 2% silver per ton.
	www.everythingalaska.com /eta.ken.html (258 words)

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