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Topic: Copper sulfate

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	Copper - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Copper was associated with the goddess Aphrodite/Venus in mythology and alchemy, owing to its lustrous beauty, its ancient use in producing mirrors, and its association with Cyprus, which was sacred to the goddess.
		Copper is found in a variety of enzymes, including the copper centers of cytochrome c oxidase, the Cu-Zn containing enzyme superoxide dismutase, and is the central metal in the oxygen carrying pigment hemocyanin.
		Copper doorknobs are used by hospitals to reduce the transfer of disease, and Legionnaire's Disease is supressed by copper tubing in air-conditioning systems.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Copper (1498 words)

	EXTOXNET PIP - COPPER SULFATE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Copper sulfate is a fungicide used to control bacterial and fungal diseases of fruit, vegetable, nut, and field crops.
		The oral LD50 of copper is 472 mg/kg in rats [8].
		Copper sulfate is toxic to aquatic invertebrates, such as crab, shrimp, and oysters.
	extoxnet.orst.edu /pips/coppersu.htm (1437 words)

	Copper Sulfate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Copper sulfate is a naturally-occurring inorganic salt and copper is an essential trace element in plant and animal nutrition (5, 6, 7, 13, 16).
		The LD50 for copper sulfate is 30 mg/kg in rats.
		Absorption of copper sulfate into the blood occurs primarily under the acidic conditions of the stomach; the mucous membrane lining of the intestines acts to some extent as a barrier to absorption of ingested copper (13).
	pmep.cce.cornell.edu /profiles/extoxnet/carbaryl-dicrotophos/copper-sulfate-ext.html (2504 words)

	EPA: Federal Register: Copper Sulfate Pentahydrate; Exemption from the Requirement of a Tolerance
		Copper compounds are irritating to the gastric mucosa.
		Copper compounds are also exempt from the requirements of a tolerance when applied to growing crops when used as a plant fungicide in accordance with good agricultural practices (40 CFR 180.1001 (b)(1)).
		Use of copper sulfate pentahydrate is not expected to increase the amount of copper in the diet as a result of its use on growing crops and post harvest use.
	www.epa.gov /fedrgstr/EPA-PEST/2000/November/Day-15/p28715.htm (4086 words)

	Copper sulfate (UK PID)
		Copper deficiency is associated with neurological dysfunction and manifests as "Swayback" in lambs and calves born to sheep and cows grazing on copper deficient pastures.
		Copper is distributed to all tissues with the highest concentrations in liver, heart, brain, kidneys and muscle.
		Copper sulphate is proposed as the aetiological agent for the lesions observed following deposition in the reticuloendothelial cells of the liver (Pimentel and Menezes, 1977).
	www.intox.org /databank/documents/chemical/copsulf/ukpid56.htm (11461 words)

	Copper Sulfate
		Copper Sulfate Pentahydrate is an odorless blue crystal that readily dissolves in water.
		Copper Sulfate, some-times referred to as Blue Vitriol or Bluestone, is a readily available and economic source of copper.
		Copper Sulfate is toxic to fish and aquatic organisms.
	www.oldbridgechem.com /CuSO4.html (555 words)

	Copper Sulfate - Algae control in ponds and lakes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Copper Sulfate reacts to the hardness of the water that it is being applied to, forming an insoluble salt called copper carbonate.
		Copper Sulfate is normally used at a rate of 10 lbs.
		Long term use of Copper Sulfate can actually lead to severe algae problems, although this must sound strange what happens is that over a period of years the copper carbonate buildup on the bottom of the pond actually will inhibit the growth of rooted bottom vegetation.
	www.aquaticsystems.us /cuso4.html (338 words)

	Respiratory Toxicity of Copper
		Respiratory toxicity of copper was tested in Wistar rats by spraying copper sulfate (330 g/l spray) for daily periods of 1 hr in a self-contained chamber for up to 10 days.
		Copper, mostly in the form of sulfate (i.e., the traditional Bordeaux broth), has been known for centuries to inhibit the growth of parasites, especially fungi.
		The similarity in the increases of copper and zinc highlights the common trends in their metabolism and the possibility of similar mechanisms of accumulation or immobilization of excess metal that could involve both elements.
	ehp.niehs.nih.gov /members/1994/Suppl-3/339-340romeu/romeu-full.html (1518 words)

	Copper Sulfate 5H2O (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Copper Sulfate is blue crystals or blue, crystalline granules or powder (white when dehydrated).
		It is obtained by the dilution of sulfuric acid on copper or copper oxide (often as oxide ores) in large quantities with evaporation and crystallization.
		Copper sulfate is used in a great variety of industries.
	www.darwinchemical.com /Products/Specs/Q185.html (220 words)

	Copper(II) sulfate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		) is the most common copper salt, made by the action of sulfuric acid on the base copper(II) oxide.
		The anhydrous form is a pale green or gray-white powder, while the hydrated form is bright blue.
		It can be used to plate metals with copper, as a fungicide or herbicide, or as a chemical test for water (the anhydrous form will absorb water, turning blue).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Copper_(II)_sulfate (233 words)

	Update: use of copper sulfate ...
		Often, the existing literature on the use of copper sulfate does not consider water alkalinity and the presence of fish in the pond or lake to be treated.
		Previously, the recommended rate of application was 2-6 lbs of copper sulfate per acre foot of water with alkalinity values from 150 to 200 mg/l.
		When applying copper sulfate, it should be distributed as evenly as possible over the pond surface.
	www.ca.uky.edu /wkrec/Bluestone.htm (775 words)

	Physicochemical Properties of Nickel Copper Sulfate Solutions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Abstract: Density and viscosity measurements were performed in electrolytes of compositions commonly used in industry for electrorefining and electrowinning of copper at several temperatures and nickel concentrations.
		The presence of nickel ions in the electrolyte reduced the copper diffusion coefficient.
		The activation energies for the viscosity and the diffusion processes were determined in the temperature range of 20 to 60 °C. Thermodynamic modelling of the viscosity and diffusion processes is presented.
	pubs.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca /cmq/28142-3.html (269 words)

	AllRefer.com - cupric sulfate, Compound & Element (Compounds And Elements) - Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		It loses part of its water of crystallization when heated to 110°C and fully dehydrates at 150°C. Cupric sulfate is used in copperplating, in dyeing (as a mordant), in wet-cell batteries, in pigments, and in insecticides, fungicides, and algicides.
		The anhydrous sulfate is used to detect the presence of water in certain organic liquids; it turns into the blue pentahydrate, e.g., when added to alcohol that contains water.
		Cupric sulfate is prepared by the action of warm dilute sulfuric acid (oil of vitriol) on copper metal or cupric oxide; it is also a byproduct of copper sulfide ore refining.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/C/cupricsu.html (332 words)

	Copper Sulfate
		Direct application of copper sulfate to water may cause a significant reduction in populations of aquatic invertebrates, plants and fish.
		Large or small sized copper sulfate are placed in burlap bags and dragged through the water by means of a boat.
		Copper sulfate becomes less effective as the bicarbonate alkalinity increases and is substantially reduced above 150 ppm as CaCO3.
	www.aquaweed.com /copper.htm (1510 words)

	Copper(II) sulfate -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Some common names are: (Hydrated blue crystalline form of copper sulfate) blue stone and (Hydrated blue crystalline form of copper sulfate) blue vitriol.
		Copper(II) sulfate is a (A substance that promotes drying (e.g., calcium oxide absorbs water and is used to remove moisture)) desiccant.
		This (Solid homogeneous inorganic substances occurring in nature having a definite chemical composition) mineral is called (Hydrated blue crystalline form of copper sulfate) chalcanthite.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/c/co/copper(ii)_sulfate2.htm (138 words)

	It's Elemental - The Element Copper
		Used in large amounts by the electrical industry in the form of wire, copper is second only to silver in electrical conductance.
		Although once made nearly entirely from copper, American pennies are now made from zinc that has been coated with copper.
		Copper is also used to make water pipes and jewelry, as well as and other items.
	education.jlab.org /itselemental/ele029.html (374 words)

	Copper sulfate electrolysis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The gain in mass of copper should be 63.5/16.0 (approx 4) times the loss of mass from the electrolyte.
		After about two hours (this allows a good deposit of copper to form), the mass of the whole assembly is measured again (the difference from the first mass gives the mass of oxygen produced), then the mass of the washed and dried cathode gives the mass of copper produced.
		The effect is that the joint between the copper and platinum is sealed inside a bead of glass.
	chem.lapeer.org /Chem1Docs/CuSO4Elect.html (621 words)

	Copper Sulfate Crystals (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		We are putting copper sulfate crystals in a solution of water and allowing them to attach to a piece of hair dangling in the solution.
		Dangle the crystal into the saturated copper sulfate solution so that it is suspended in the liquid and touches nothing but the liquid.
		When I was a student many years ago, I grew a copper sulfate crystal that weighed almost a pound.
	www.newton.dep.anl.gov /askasci/chem00/chem00864.htm (506 words)

	Copper From the Bronze Age to the Fall of Rome
		The alloy brass, in which copper is mixed with zinc, was discovered sometime before 600 B.C. The state of Lydia, south of Troy in western Turkey, invented the idea of coins as a medium of exchange.
		Copper and iron on the surface of the Earth at that deposit colored a nearby river red.
		In order to smelt "sulfide" minerals, that is minerals made of copper, iron, lead and zinc chemically bound to sulfur, they have to be heated and "oxidized" first.
	www.unr.edu /sb204/geology/rome.html (1350 words)

	CHALCANTHITE (Hydrated Copper Sulfate)
		In many copper mines, chalcanthite is an ongoing precipitate forming blue encrustations, crystal aggregates and stalactites right on the sides of the mine's shafts.
		Copper sulfate solutions and crystals are a staple in well stocked chemistry labs.
		As a poison, copper sulfate solutions or crystals were used to clear ponds and waterways of plant growth, but this practice has stopped due to the greater environmental concerns.
	mineral.galleries.com /minerals/sulfates/chalcant/chalcant.htm (865 words)

	copper sulfate on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		common name for the blue crystalline heptahydrate of cupric sulfate, in which copper has valence +2.
		Can Copper Save the Day for Catfish Eggs?(research on the ability of copper sulfate to prevent fungi from destroying catfish eggs)(Brief Article)
		Intralesional injection of 2% zinc sulfate solution in the treatment of acute old world cutaneous leishmaniasis: a randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/c1/coppersu.asp (245 words)

	Tri-State Swine Nutrition Guide, Bulletin 869-98, Copper Sulfate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The 250 ppm level corresponds to 0.1% copper sulfate in the final diet mixture, which is equivalent to 2 pounds per ton of diet.
		Although the addition of copper sulfate to swine diets is legal, care should be taken to assure an even distribution of copper in the diet mixture.
		A dietary copper level of 500 ppm is toxic to swine.
	ohioline.osu.edu /b869/b869_55.html (121 words)

	USGS/WRIR 99-4237 (Abstract): Copper Avoidance and Mortality of Juvenile Brown Trout (Salmo trutta) in Tests with ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Copper-avoidance tests and acute-toxicity (mortality) tests on hatchery-reared, young-of- the-year brown trout (salmo trutta) were conducted with water from West Branch Reservoir to assess the avoidance response to copper sulfate treatment, which is used occasionally by New York City Department of Environmental Protection to decrease phytoplankton populations in the reservoir.
		The mean net avoidance response of brown trout to dissolved copper concentrations of 70 and 100 μg/L, and possibly 80 μg/L, was significantly different (at α = 0.1) from the mean net avoidance response of fish to control (untreated) water and to treated water at most other tested concentrations.
		These warrant additional study before the findings from this study can be used to predict the effects that copper sulfate treatments have on resident fish populations in New York City reservoirs.
	ny.usgs.gov /pubs/wri/wri994237 (351 words)

	Effect of dietary mannan oligosaccharides and(or) pharmacological additions of copper sulfate on growth performance and ...
		Effect of dietary mannan oligosaccharides and(or) pharmacological additions of copper sulfate on growth performance and immunocompetence of weanling and growing/finishing pigs -- Davis et al.
		Effect of molybdenum-induced copper deficiency on acute-phase protein concentrations, superoxide dismutase activity, leukocyte numbers, and lymphocyte proliferation in beef heifers inoculated with bovine herpesvirus-1.
		Effect of dietary copper and tylosin and subsequent withdrawal on growth, hematology and tissue residues of growing-finishing pigs.
	jas.fass.org /cgi/content/full/80/11/2887 (4298 words)

	Solar-Powered Lake Circulation Technology Acts as “Algae Eater” to Decrease Blue Green Algae Without the Costs and ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		After 50 years of pouring innumerable tons of copper into lakes and reservoirs, the use of this algaecide has increased resistance and resulted in consequential problems that require more expensive treatment and threaten marine habitats throughout the world.
		In the past, copper sulfate has been the chemical of choice for treating blue-green algae, but diminishing results and increasing costs have made dependency on this algaecide unrealistic.
		Additionally, as blue-green algae become increasingly resistant to copper sulfate, so continuously larger doses are required for effective control.
	www.prweb.com /releases/2004/11/prwebxml179443.php (803 words)

	basic copper sulfate Chemical Profile 1/85 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		SYMPTOMS: Copper salts and organic complexes (oxide, hydroxide, arsenite, carbonate, chloride, oxalate, phosphate, silicate, sulfate, zinc chromate, acetate, naphthenate, oleate, quinolinolate, and resinate).
		Elevated serum copper levels (maximum normal level is 125 ug per 100 ml) indicate severity of poisoning (25).
		If copper salts have been ingested, lavage the stomach with 0.1% potassium ferrocyanide, then instill a suspension of egg white.
	pmep.cce.cornell.edu /profiles/fung-nemat/aceticacid-etridiazole/basic-copper-sulfate/fung-prof-bas-copper-sul.html (667 words)

	Phelps Dodge: Copper Sulfate
		Phelps Dodge is a leading producer of Copper Sulfate Pentahydrate for use in both pesticide and non-pesticide applications.
		Phelps Dodge pesticide copper sulfate is EPA and NSF approved (also in Canada).
		Phelps Dodge non-pesticide copper sulfate is used as a micronutrient in feed for swine, bovine and poultry as well as a component of fertilizers for copper-deficient soils.
	www.phelpsdodge.com /AboutUs/OurCompanies/Mining/MiningProducts/CopperSulfate.htm (144 words)

	Encyclopedia: Copper (II) sulfate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		People who viewed "Copper (II) sulfate" also viewed:
		O, which dehydrates at 110°C. It decomposes at 600°C forming CuO and Cu It can be used to plate metals with copper, as a fungicide or herbicide, or as a chemical test for water (the anhydrous form will absorb water, turning blue).
		The archaic name for Copper (II) sulfate was Cupric sulfate.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Copper-(II)-sulfate (175 words)

	Copper Sulfate Reaction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		I added water to copper >> sulfate and then put a piece of aluminium foil into it.
		The metals can be arranged in an activity series with the most reactive at the top and the least reactive at the bottom.
		At the same time metalic Copper will be formed and gradually will make a deposit.
	www.newton.dep.anl.gov /askasci/chem99/chem99566.htm (263 words)

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