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Topic: Coppicing

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	Coppicing
		Coppice woodlands are cut on rotation, normally from between 6 to 25 years (but 21 years for Norsey) and usually one part of the wood, called a coupe, is harvested each year.
		Unfortunately, coppicing was severely affected, firstly by the adverse weather, which made ground conditions very difficult, and secondly by the restrictions caused by the Foot and Mouth epidemic.
		One of the benefits of coppicing is the reappearance of plants that were shaded out by the heavy tree canopy or which found germination difficult or impossible because of the low light conditions.
	www.norseywood.org.uk /wood/coppicing.htm (717 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Coppicing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Birch can be coppiced for faggots on a 3- or 4-year cycle, whereas oak can be coppiced over a 50-year cycle for poles or firewood.
		These shoots (or "suckers") may be used either in their young state for interweaving in wattle fencing as is the practice with willows, or the new shoots may be allowed to grow and mature into large poles, as was often the custom with hardwood such as oaks or ashes.
		By medieval times the coppice system was already a long established form of woodland management and an integral part of the social background of the times.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Coppicing (1499 words)

	Coppicing - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Coppicing is a traditional method of woodland management, by which young tree stems are cut down to a low level, or sometimes right down to the ground.
		In Southern Britain, coppice was traditionally hazel, grown amongst oak standards (large trees).
		The only remaining large-scale commercial coppice crop in the area is sweet chestnut which is grown in parts of East Sussex and Kent for splitting and binding into cleft chestnut paling fence bound together with wire.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/coppicing (549 words)

	english charcoal and the environment (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Coppicing is the cutting of a tree or shrub to ground level.
		Coppicing is similar in concept to pruning except that all the wood is removed and not just a few branches.
		Coppicing is carried out in cycles where the length of the cycle will depend on the type of plant and the type of product that is sought.
	www.englishcharcoal.co.uk /charcoal_environment.html (651 words)

	Coppicing
		Coppicing is a practice of environmental management used by Native California basket weavers.
		Willows are coppiced to stimulate the propagation of long, slender and flexible branches or shoots.
		Coppicing is based on the principles of plant physiology.
	www.primitiveways.com /coppicing.html (1337 words)

	Coppice Woodsman at Living Heritage Craft Shows
		At its simplest, coppicing is merely the cutting back of any tree or shrub with the idea of letting it grow again to provide a fresh crop of wood which can be cut once more, renewing the cycle.
		The decline of coppicing was due to a complex of social and political factors; the rise in labour costs, introduction of cheap coal and the lack of modernisation and organisation in woodmanship.
		To the forester or farmer a coppice is simply waste, something to be converted to arable land or under planted with conifers.
	www.craft-show.co.uk /demonstrations/Coppice_Woodsman (905 words)

	Coppicing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Coppicing is a traditional method of woodland management, by which young tree stems are cut down to a foot or less from ground level.
		It may also be used to encourage specific growth patterns, as with cinnamon trees which are grown for their bark.
		Coppice Works Yurts, yurt arbours, courses, rentals and holidays.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Coppicing.html (157 words)

	coppicing and coppiced materials (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Coppicing is the ancient craft of cutting trees and shrubs to ground level and although this might at first appear destructive, coppicing yields important material benefits with the strong re-growth from the coppice stools providing a renewable source of timber for many uses.
		Coppiced ash and oak provide the structure to an "iron age house" while the hazel forms the basis of the walls.
		Coppiced hazel is caked in clay to form a durable and effective wall in an iron age house.
	www.ukagriculture.com /conservation/coppicing/coppice_materials.html (169 words)

	Steward Community Woodland - Coppicing
		Coppicing is a traditional form of woodland management that has shaped many of the remaining semi-natural woodlands in the UK.
		A coppiced wood is cut periodically, and the trees allowed to regrow from the cut stumps (stools).
		Coppicing provides an environmentally sustainable source of wood because periodic cutting actually prolongs the life of the tree.
	www.stewardwood.org /woodland/coppicing.htm (407 words)

	Coppicing the coppice for coppice (Pete Ashton's Weblog)
		Coppice is used mainly for making fences and reinforcing hedges (through the act of 'laying down' the hedge).
		Coppice grows quickly from the base in long, thin branches which are strong and flexible.
		The coppice we were in was not in great shape as it hadn't been maintained but it still had a beautiful aura about it.
	www.peteashton.com /03/04/21/coppicing_the_coppic.html (444 words)

	Wild About Leicester > Trees and shrubs for your garden (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Coppicing and pollarding are ancient woodland management techniques that allow foresters to harvest timber without killing the tree.
		Although both coppicing and pollarding involve harvesting timber from living trees, the two systems vary according to the part of the tree the timber is collected from.
		When Coppicing, the tree is cut right back to the ground, each stem cut will have (hopefully) a slight angle away from the centre of the tree, this is so that water doesn’t sit in the middle and rot the stump.
	www.wildaboutleicester.co.uk /?p=coppicingandpollarding (617 words)

	coppicing - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about coppicing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		A coppice of hornbeam trees Carpinus betulus in southern England.
		A coppice is a renewable resource, providing continuous growth of wood if properly managed.
		This form of forestry was once commonly practised in Europe, principally on hazel and chestnut, to produce large quantities of thin branches for firewood, fencing, and so on; alder, eucalyptus, maple, poplar, and willow were also coppiced.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /coppicing (213 words)

	coppicing and woodland management
		Although coppicing "the art of cutting of trees and shrubs to ground level" may appear counter intuitive to the supply of sustainable timber, coppicing nonetheless provides sustainable material at the sizes that we require.
		Coppiced trees are also unusual in that they will live many times longer than if the the tree had not been cut down at all.
		The practice of coppicing in woodland management is equally important as a management technique in new woodlands as well as those of ancient woodland.
	www.coppicing.com (379 words)

	National Trust \| Hatfield Forest \| Managing the landscape \| Coppicing
		The system of blocks of coppice with standards was well established by medieval times at Hatfield Forest, and the shape of the woods has changed little up to the present day.
		In recent years, ecologists and conservationists came to see how the loss of coppicing was having a detrimental effect on the diversity of Britain's wildlife, and gradually the practice and the skills have been re-discovered.
		Coppicing at Hatfield had dwindled away by about 1940, to be gradually re-introduced by the National Trust, with a team of dedicated volunteers, from 1974.
	www.nationaltrust.org.uk /main/w-vh/w-visits/w-findaplace/w-hatfieldforest/w-hatfieldforest-management/w-hatfieldforest-management-coppicing.htm (779 words)

	What Is Coppice?
		Coppicing continued in its growth, and by the mid 13th century, most of our woodlands were managed as coppice.
		Coppicing is a highly sustainable method of producing rapidly growing useful wood without the need to replant.
		Coppice Woodlands can support a wide range of different trees, allowing various degrees of light to reach the woodland floor; they also contain a vast range of flora and fauna, most notably bluebells in spring.
	www.woodnet.org.uk /sscg/coppice.htm (470 words)

	Surrey Wildlife Trust - Coppicing At Woking Palace
		Coppicing is a traditional woodland management system that exploits the ability of most British Broad-leaved trees to produce new growth from the cut stump or ‘stool’.
		Commercially managed coppice is not ideal as it often lacks dead wood and the more shaded, damp conditions of neglected woods that can provide a niche for a range of rare and delicate species unable to survive the impact of regular site clearance.
		Coppicing may look drastic, but is essential for much of our best-loved woodland wildlife that may be threatened with extiction if this is not continued.
	www.surreywildlifetrust.co.uk /Default.asp?mainmenu=conservation&EntityID={C05E6D4D-0E1C-48FA-94CD-DE16A8C7A12F} (506 words)

	coppicing case study (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		This would adjoin the ancient semi-natural woodland and planting was to commence as restoration coppicing in the ancient woodland began.
		Those associted with forestry will understand that coppicing hazel within the 15 years of a FWPS is a cost related activity, not an income generator.
		Further, that if hazel coppicing was profitable, why had the craft declined to the point where barely a few hundred acres were left in regular cycle and where grant aid was required to maintain the industry?
	www.ukagriculture.com /conservation/coppicing/coppicing_case_study.html (411 words)

	Fuelling a Revolution
		Coppicing involved a regular cycle of harvesting of the poles that sprouted from the base of a tree known as a coppice stool.
		Coppicing declined following the middle of the 19th century but went on in some of the woodlands until at least the end of the century, after which it became uneconomic.
		Coppice woodlands were often the target of trespassers and thieves who stole timber, wood and bark.
	www.heritagewoodsonline.co.uk /wood/history.html (1825 words)

	Corporate Responsibility Coppicing
		Coppicing is the act of periodically cutting a small tree so that it produces many shoots rather than one main trunk.
		Coppicing has declined steadily from the mid-nineteenth century as a direct result of the decline in the use of woodland products and accelerated in the twentieth century as metal became more easily available and brick houses became commonplace.
		Coppicing is important in maintaining these rich field layers and the many invertebrate populations that colonise them, particularly butterflies.
	www.reallyusefulpeople.co.uk /detail2.php?NewsID=58 (288 words)

	coppicing and woodland management (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Coppiced trees are also unusual in that they will live many times longer than if the the tree had not been cut down at all.
		The practice of coppicing in woodland management is equally important as a management technique in new woodlands as well as those of ancient woodland.
		The coppicing web site details the benefits of coppicing and looks at the fascinating case of an ancient woodland that is managed through the technique.
	www.coppicing.com /coppicing.htm (287 words)

	Coppicing from e-shopping (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Coppicing, or cutting down a tree to produce new growth, has been a way of harvesting wood for......
		Coppicing is a traditional form of woodland management that has shaped many of the...
		Coppicing for the supply of sustainable materials from ancient and new woodlands.
	www.e-shopping.co.uk /coppicing.htm (107 words)

	Royal Horticultural Society - Advice: Coppicing
		Coppicing, which is also known as stooling, is the centuries-old technique of cutting shrubs and trees to ground level to encourage new shoots.
		Coppicing to a stump about 60cm (2ft) tall in early spring can have dramatic effects on other plants.
		Hazels, in particular, are coppiced every few years to produce straight canes that can be used as supports in the garden.
	www.rhs.org.uk /advice/profiles0105/Coppicing.asp (321 words)

	Woodlands and Animals
		In many ways, the fauna of coppice woodland is in a more precarious state of conservation than the flora, as plants have many mechanisms for persisting, whereas animals require either a continued constant habitat to maintain their population, or a network of populations in close enough proximity to one another to allow recolonisation.
		In many cases coppicing creates the ideal habitat for moth caterpillars, which switch between herbaceous ground plants and woody tree species at different growth stages of the caterpillar, and require feeding sites close to the ground for warmer microclimate and pupation sites underground.
		Some mammals, particularly deer, are actually detrimental to coppice woodland, and in the past these would have been excluded by fences around the coppiced area, as the regrown wood was extremely valuable, and anyway, they were less abundant than today.
	www.theblock.org /CCV/Diary/Woodlands%20and%20Animals.htm (990 words)

	BioRegional: Urban Forestry Facts & Statistics
		Coppicing, the periodic cutting of trees to ground level to produce small sized poles, is an ancient art.
		Coppicing rejuvenates trees too and allows them to live longer than normal.
		Some coppiced ash trees are estimated to be over 800 years old.
	www.bioregional.com /programme_projects/forestry_prog/urban_forestry/urbfor_facts.htm (499 words)

	Young People's Trust for the Environment
		Natural predators such as owls, weasels and stoats eat dormice but their decline is almost entirely due to the loss of woodland habitat and changes in woodland management practices; some large woods have been divided into much smaller woods and often these do not provide enough habitat for the dormouseÕs needs.
		Coppicing, particularly of hazel, was once carried out in many areas.
		In some areas, coppicing is once again being carried out, but to suit the dormice there must be a rotation of 15-20 years between coppicing to allow the hazel to bear nuts.
	www.yptenc.org.uk /docs/factsheets/animal_facts/dormouse.html (1001 words)

	The Effect of Whole Tree Harvesting on Fuel Quality and Coppicing Ability of SRIC Willow Crops (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Knowledge of the influence of factors affecting the coppicing ability and biomass production of short rotation plantations is necessary for the determination of cutting schedules and the development of harvesting techniques.
		The aim was to investigate the effect of harvest damage on willow coppicing.
		To study the effects of forwarding damage and the choice of cutting method on the coppicing ability a willow stand was cut with a chainsaw (Experiment 1) and with a brushsaw (Experiment 2).
	www.woodycrops.org /mechconf/nurmi.html (2053 words)

	Coppicing - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In this way, fuel could be provided for that industry, in principle, for ever.
		Coppicing may also be practiced to encourage specific growth patterns, as with cinnamon trees which are grown for their bark.
		Ancient coppice of a sweet chestnut, Banstead Woods, Surrey
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Coppicing (549 words)

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