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Topic: Coprolite

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	Coprolites
		Coprolites are fairly common in the chalk and may contain partially digested bones (usually fish).
		Of the Coprolite: The learned and indefatigable Professor Buckland, in a Memoir recently read before the Geological Society of London, has communicated several curious facts in relation to the fæces of terrestrial and aquatic carnivorous animals, which he has found in a fossil state.
		The jaw in one coprolite was identified by Orville W. Bonner of the University of Kansas (pers.
	www.oceansofkansas.com /Coprolite.html (2513 words)

	Cambridgeshire, EnglandGenWeb Project - he Corprolite Industry
		Coprolites occurred in a belt from Soham to Barrington and were exhausted in a rush between 1850 and 1890.
		The first recorded discovery of a coprolite bed after 1851 was at Cambridge in 1858 on Coldham's Common, probably where a pit was being dug for brickmaking.
		As early as 1863 the effect of expansion was being felt on transport; mostly of coprolites being taken to the factory.
	www.rootsweb.com /~engcam/coprolite.htm (1315 words)

	COPROLITE.DE (Site not responding. Last check: )
		A coprolite is a type of trace fossil and can vary in size from the tiny piles of excreta from a worm that lived some 500 million years ago to the large droppings of crocodiles, dinosaurs or mammals.
		The recognition of coprolites is aided by their structural patterns, such as spiral or annular markings, by their content, such as undigested food fragments and by associated fossil remains.
		Coprolites have been recorded in deposits ranging in age from the Cambrian period to recent times and are found worldwide.
	www.jz-server.de /coprolite/index-en.html (291 words)

	Coprolite
		Coprolites would be great for gag gifts, paperweights or just to add these awesome specimens to your collection.
		Coprolite - dung is the fossilized excrement of animals.
		Coprolites -dung mostly recognized by their shapes they can vary considerably in size and shapes colors and forms, coprolites can be flat pancake like shape spherical spiral, a big blob, some you can even see the pinch marks, and others may contain bone fragments, some may be white, brown, fl, and multiple colors.
	www.trapperjohn411.com /main-coprolite.htm (137 words)

	Analysis of Feces and Hair Suspected to Be of Sasquatch Origin
		For example, he noted that the coprolites could be used as one type of evidence for the past existence of sharks in the Sussex region more than a hundred million years ago when the Cretaceous chalk deposits were being formed.
		The real breakthrough in coprolite research occurred in 1950, when two Canadians 7 discovered a new method of coprolite reconstitution which returned the ancient dried specimens to their original moist condition and permitted the careful separation and analysis of all components.
		Coprolites from large carnivores are characterized by their hard outer coating of dried intestinal lubricant secreted as protection against intestinal wall perforation by ingested bone fragments.
	www.rfthomas.clara.net /papers/bryant.html (3825 words)

	[No title]
		Coprolites occur in the Petrified Forest Member in association with a bone bed known in PEFO as "The Dying Grounds;" the environment is interpreted as a perennial swamp or watering hole.
		Although Late Triassic coprolites in nearby New Mexico were investigated by Ash (1978) and Weber and Lawler (1978), vertebrate coprolites in the Chinle of PEFO have not been thoroughly described or interpreted in terms of their taphonomic and paleoecologic significance.
		None of the examined coprolites was left by fish because none of them have heteropolar markings, typical of fish feces; correlation with known body fossils in PEFO thus points toward theropods, rauisuchians, metoposaurs and phytosaurs as possible tracemakers, with herbivorous aetosaurs as less likely candidates.
	www2.nature.nps.gov /geology/paleontology/pub/grd3_3/pefo7.htm (2748 words)

	Dr. Deadly's House of Science .........at Worsley OnLine.............
		Coprolites are the fossilized contents of the intestine and the excrement of organisms; in other words, fossilized feces.
		The coprolite at the right is probably from a sauropod, because of its large size (40 cm diameter), and age (Jurassic); a coprolite this large probably does not represent one single pellet but a conglomeration of several pellets that merged.
		Coprolites made by carnivorous dinosaurs were more likely to be preserved than those made by herbivores because of the high mineral content in the bones of the consumed prey animals.
	www.worsleyschool.net /science/files/scilab/scilab2.html (646 words)

	Coprolite - Paleontology and Geology Glossary
		Dinosaur coprolites up to 40 cm (16 inches) in diameter have been found, probably from a sauropod, considering the size.
		Also, if the bones in the coprolite are from a juvenile of a species, you know what a prey animal of the carnivore was, and that it ate sub-adults (information on feeding behavior).
		Coprolites from carnivores are rich in the minerals calcium and phosphorus (found in bones).
	www.enchantedlearning.com /subjects/dinosaurs/glossary/Coprolite.shtml (594 words)

	USGS -- A king-sized theropod coprolite found in Saskatchewan
		The Saskatchewan coprolite is an elongated, fractured mass of rock that is approximately 44 by 16 by 13 centimeters (about 17 by 6 by 5 inches).
		This photograph was taken through a microscope and shows that the coprolite is composed of small chunks bone (upper left portion of the photo) suspended in a phosphatic groundmass.
		In most cases, it is very difficult to pinpoint the producer of a coprolite, but the contents of a specimen may reveal a variety of organisms that coexisted in the paleoenvironment.
	wrgis.wr.usgs.gov /king-sized-coprolite.html (1280 words)

	Coprolite - Paleontology and Geology Glossary
		Dinosaur coprolites up to 40 cm (16 inches) in diameter have been found, probably from a sauropod, considering the size.
		Also, if the bones in the coprolite are from a juvenile of a species, you know what a prey animal of the carnivore was, and that it ate sub-adults (information on feeding behavior).
		Coprolites from carnivores are rich in the minerals calcium and phosphorus (found in bones).
	www.allaboutdinosaurs.com /subjects/dinosaur/glossary/Coprolite.shtml (594 words)

	Dinosaur News-ZoomDinosaurs.com
		This coprolite is a whitish-green rock that is 17 inches (44 cm) long, 6 inches (15 cm) high and 5 inches (13 cm) wide.
		This coprolite is assumed to be from T. rex because of its huge size (this is the largest coprolite ever found from a meat-eater).
		This coprolite is now in the scientific collection of the Royal Saskatchewan Museum; a replica of it is on exhibit.
	www.enchantedlearning.com /subjects/dinosaurs/news/Trexdung.shtml (331 words)

	USGS -- A king-sized theropod coprolite found in Saskatchewan
		The Saskatchewan coprolite is an elongated, fractured mass of rock that is approximately 44 by 16 by 13 centimeters (about 17 by 6 by 5 inches).
		This photograph was taken through a microscope and shows that the coprolite is composed of small chunks bone (upper left portion of the photo) suspended in a phosphatic groundmass.
		In most cases, it is very difficult to pinpoint the producer of a coprolite, but the contents of a specimen may reveal a variety of organisms that coexisted in the paleoenvironment.
	geology.wr.usgs.gov /king-sized-coprolite.html (1280 words)

	Coprolites in Archeology arch_pal_coprolit.html
		Once the coprolites are identified as human, which can be problematic, the pollen is extracted using common techniques (Bryant 1974a, b; Clary 1984; Pearsall 2000; Reinhard and Bryant 1992; Warnock and Reinhard 1992).
		One interesting potential interpretation of pollen from coprolites is pollen that appears to have been directly ingested.
		The analysis of coprolites, therefore, appears to be most useful for the interpretation of diet, including changes in diet (Martin and Sharrock 1964; Reinhard and Bryant 1992).
	www.geo.arizona.edu /palynology/arch_pal_coprolit.html (827 words)

	Coprolite Specimens
		For example, if the Coprolite consists of partially digested plant material such as leaves, seeds, bark, and roots, the animal in question was probably an herbivore or "plant-eater"; if the Coprolite contains bits of animal material such as crushed bits of bones, sinew, and claws, the animal in question was a carnivore or "meat-eater".
		Coprolites and other fossils are often found in exposed sedimentary rock in the badlands, weathered cliffs, roadcuts, etc.
		Most of the coprolite are from Sauropods which were dinosaurs that were large, walked on four legs, and had a very long neck and tail.
	bedrockfossils.com /coprolite.html (440 words)

	Coprolite Speaker
		After a career in marketing communications with a large corporation, Wayne Adams wrote a newspaper column, co-founded a business-writing firm (WordMagic Communications) and became a vocal spokesperson as well as something of a poster child for all the Coprolites of the world.
		It could be the top ten reasons why it's great to be a member of your organization, or to live in your city, or even to be a Coprolite.
		Yet there are ways that Coprolites can fight back, reclaim their rightful respect, and have fun in the process.
	www.coprolites.org /page7.html (462 words)

	[No title]
		This small cache of pyrite/marcasite coprolite was found in a small underwater cave/cut in the river.
		This is from a prehistoric "Spiny Shark" that presumably inhabited these caves/cuts and left their droppings to become fossilized.
		The piling/mound twisting is caused by passage of the fecal material through a bone-like flap in the anus.
	www.indiana9fossils.com /Coprolite/Shark.htm (884 words)

	archaeological discoveries (Page 16)
		During the 'coprolite years' a huge number of excellent specimens of prehistoric creatures were unearthed by the diggers and sold to avid Victorian collectors.
		The term 'coprolites' was in widespread use by those involved in the trade well before the geologists rejected their coprolitic nature but the name stuck.
		In early 1887 the coprolite diggers dug over a field about three quarters of a mile to the north of the village church in which the moat and ruins of the medieval Castle, 'John O Gaunt's House,' were then to be seen.
	members.aol.com /fquirk202/Page16.html (7361 words)

	50526-A LARGE MEAT-EATING DINOSAUR COPROLITE FROM THE JURASSIC MORRISON FORMATION OF UTAH
		The coprolite geometry is interpreted to indicate that the main mass was defecated first, then the animal walked forward to release smaller amounts of feces.
		The coprolite consists of dark gray bone fragments, ranging from pebble to sand size, in a red-brown matrix.
		Work is continuing on a second theropod coprolite higher in the section at this location and pieces of theropod coprolites from two additional localities have been identified.
	rock.geosociety.org /absindex/annual/2000/50526.htm (376 words)

	King coprolite (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The coprolite is full of small, crushed bone fragments, strong evidence that the animal that produced it was a carnivore.
		Indeed, the coprolite is full of bone fragmentsup to half the volume of the coprolite consists of bone fragments.
		The coprolite comes from rocks laid down very close to the end of the dinosaurs' long reign: indeed, it was found just 11.5 m below the K-T boundary layer, which marks the abrupt disappearance of the dinosaurs and other animals on land and in the sea.
	www.geology.ucdavis.edu /~cowen/HistoryofLife/kingcoprolite.html (628 words)

	Fecal steroids of the coprolite of a Greenland Eskimo mummy, AD 1475: a clue to dietary sterol intake -- Lin and Connor ...
		Fecal steroids of the coprolite of a Greenland Eskimo mummy, AD 1475: a clue to dietary sterol intake -- Lin and Connor 74 (1): 44 -- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
		steroids in the coprolite had been converted to sterol epimers.
		acid to cholesterol in the coprolite was similar to that in
	www.ajcn.org /cgi/content/abstract/74/1/44?ck=nck (399 words)

	Mesozoic Era fossils
		The Mesozoic Era from the Triassic period through to the Cretaceous period from 260 million years through to 65 million years ago was the age of the dinosaurs and the first mammals.
		Some of the fossils from the Mesozoic era include dinosaur bones and teeth, coprolite, fossil fish, and ammonites.
		Coprolite formed 65 million years ago is probably turtle feces.
	minertown.com /market/fossils/mesozoic (1041 words)

	Bedfordshire (Page5.html in MW1)
		The "coprolites" mined from the base of the Upper and Lower Greensand were their major raw material for the fertiliser business for forty years.
		After washing and sorting at coprolite washmills they were carted to the nearest wharf or railway siding for freighting to manure factories in Cambridge, Royston, Burwell, Ashwell as well as in King's Lynn, London, Ipswich, Wolverhampton and elsewhere.
		There was tension between coprolite diggers and locals given their higher wages and shorter hours and attempts were made to deter the diggers' frequent use of the public houses and beerhouses that spread like wildfire in the coprolite villages.
	members.aol.com /fquirk202/Page5.html (859 words)

	Amazon.com: coprolite (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The origin of "spiral coprolites" (University of Kansas publications.
		Vegetation reconstruction on the basis of pollen in Late Pleistocene hyena coprolites from San Teodoro Cave (Sicily, Italy) by R. Yll, J.S. Carrion, A.C. Marra, and L. Bonfiglio (Jul 21, 2006)
		A study of crocodilian coprolites from Wannagan Creek Quarry (Paleocene-North Dakota): Ichnofossils II (Scientific publications of the Science Museum of Minnesota) by Glen T Sawyer (Unknown Binding - 1981)
	www.amazon.com /s?ie=UTF8&keywords=coprolite&tag=lexico&index=blended&link_code=qs&page=1 (393 words)

	naturalSCIENCE, Volume 1, Article 12, 1999
		As the name implies, a trace fossil is a "trace" of an ancient organism such as a footprints, a tooth or bite mark, or a coprolite.
		Because, in her study of the coprolite, Chin located many minute masses that she thought might be bones.
		The coprolite was very large: the largest from a carnivore ever excavated, according to Chin.
	naturalscience.com /ns/articles/01-12/ns_sb.html (1194 words)

	The Real Poop on the Global Flood
		Young-earth creationists believe that the geologic record is the result of a major catastrophe in which everything (or nearly everything) was deposited within a single year.
		This coprolite, from my personal fossil collection, was deposited by a turtle in Eocene rocks.
		The coprolite, which today is petrified rock, dried out prior to when it was fossilized.
	home.entouch.net /dmd/poop.htm (505 words)

	Who are The Coprolites^®?
		Almost certainly, you have a friend or relative who is a Coprolite.
		When you officially join the Coprolites, you receive a sample of this "Jurassic Classic" polished Coprolite nestled in a velveteen bag.
		Finally, you'll be able to order a wide variety of custom embroidered wearables to help you show your Coprolite pride.
	www.coprolites.org (433 words)

	Sloth (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Fossilized bones of the Shasta ground sloth were found in a cave in Southeastern Arizona (Kartchner Caverns) along with its coprolite.
		A coprolite is an important find because scientists carefully examine it to find out what the animal ate when it was alive.
		The coprolite of the sloth revealed that the animal ate a great deal of a certain plant called ephedra, also known as Mormon Tea.
	www.blm.gov /heritage/HE_Kids/HM2/sloth.html (223 words)

	Sign Up For Coprolites Newsletter
		This is an opt-in list for Coprolite members and others who want to enjoy a light-hearted look at the world from the viewpoint of people who are blessed with exceptional maturity.
		Subscribe to Coprolite News by filling out the following form.
		You will be sent email requesting confirmation, to prevent others from gratuitously subscribing you.
	three.pairlist.net /mailman/listinfo/coprolitenews (152 words)

	Molecular Coproscopy
		amplifiable DNA from the Gypsum Cave coprolites (6).
		DNA sequences of clones from a fragment of the rbcL gene amplified from the coprolite.
		DNA amplification from the coprolite was possible only after sugar-derived cross-links had been resolved by PTB.
	cas.bellarmine.edu /tietjen/images/molecular_coproscopy.htm (2759 words)

	Virtual Saskatchewan - A Moment in Time
		Tokaryk and a colleague in 1995 found the 44-by-16-cm (17-by-6-inch) dropping, known as a 'coprolite', in the fossil-rich Frenchman Formation around Eastend, in southwest Saskatchewan.
		It's the first coprolite that can be definitely identified as a carnivorous dinosaur dropping.
		Beyond illustrating T.rex was capable of shattering bone, the coprolite find contradicts the assumption carnivorous dinosaurs like T.rex (and like today's crocodiles) completely dissolved bones during digestion.
	www.virtualsk.com /current_issue/moment_in_time.html (838 words)

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