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Topic: Coptic

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	Coptic language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Coptic was predominantly used from its Christian beginnings in the late 2nd century till the time of the Great persecution of Diocletian in the late 3rd century as a translational tool from Greek to Egyptian.
		Coptic continued to be used in the Church with Greek as the second language, as seen from the texts that survived from the period.
		Coptic continued its growth in the Church and among the Ecclesiastically-educated groups that were produced in the early parts of the 20th century.
	www.lexington-fayette.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Coptic_language (3235 words)

	Coptic Christianity - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Coptic Orthodox Christianity is the indigenous form of Christianity that, according to tradition, the apostle Mark established in Egypt in the middle of the 1st century AD (approximately 42).
		The Coptic Church believes that Christ is perfect in His divinity, and He is perfect in His humanity, but His divinity and His humanity were united in one nature called "the nature of the incarnate word", which was reiterated by Saint Cyril of Alexandria.
		The current Coptic Orthodox Pope of Alexandria and the Patriarch of the Holy See of Saint Mark is Pope Shenouda III (his title should not be confused with that of the Roman Catholic Pope).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Coptic_Christianity (2558 words)

	Coptic alphabet - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		It is still used by the members of the Coptic Church to write their religious texts.
		By the 4th century the Coptic alphabet was "standardised", particularly for the Sahidic dialect.
		Coptic Fonts Standard (http://www.copticchurch.net/coptic_fonts/); a movement of Coptic Christians to standardize ASCII-based Coptic computer typefaces with a long term goal of designing Coptic Unicode fonts after disunification with the Greek block.
	www.sterlingheights.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Coptic_alphabet (520 words)

	Encyclopedia Coptica: The Christian Coptic Orthodox Church Of Egypt
		The Coptic Church is based on the teachings of Saint Mark who brought Christianity to Egypt during the reign of the Roman emperor Nero in the first century, a dozen of years after the Lord's ascension.
		Throughout that period, the Coptic language remained the language of the land, and it was not until the second half of the 11th century that the first bi-lingual Coptic-Arabic liturgical manuscripts started to appear.
		There are three main Liturgies in the Coptic Church: The Liturgy according to Saint Basil, Bishop of Caesarea; The Liturgy according to Saint Gregory of Nazianzus, Bishop of Constantinople; and The Liturgy according to Saint Cyril I, the 24th Pope of the Coptic Church.
	www.coptic.net /EncyclopediaCoptica (3350 words)

	Coptic Church (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Coptic church is sometimes used for the Ethiopian church, too, but this declared itself independent from the Egyptian branch in 1959, and do not accept the term 'Coptic' being used for itself.
		The Coptic church's relations with the governments of Egypt have sometimes been difficult, but today there are not much difference in the way the government treat the Copts compared to the Muslims, compared to earlier decades.
		The Coptic church is active in talks with other small churches, and have also found a platform for solving theological differences with the Eastern Orthodox church, as it up through history have been many situations where disagreements came from verbal differences.
	i-cias.com /e.o/coptic_c.htm (656 words)

	Ancient Near East .Net - Coptic Language
		Although extinct as a spoken language, Coptic is nonetheless retained as a liturgical tongue within the Coptic Orthodox Church and preserves a rich heritage of written documents from the ancient and medieval periods.
		The retained knowledge of Coptic was essential to the linguistic analysis of the ancient Egyptian language in its earlier phases and for the nineteenth century decipherment of the Egyptian hieroglyphic script.
		Sahidic was firmly established as the standard literary dialect of Coptic by the 4th century CE (being employed within the first official translation of the Bible) and maintained its preeminence until its replacement by the Bohairic dialect in the 10th to 11th centuries CE.
	www.ancientneareast.net /coptic/coptic.html (683 words)

	Coptic art on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Reaching its mature phase in the late 5th and 6th cent., the development of Coptic art was interrupted by the Arab conquest of Egypt between 640 and 642.
		Coptic art is characterized by a high degree of stylization verging on abstraction.
		Coptic architecture, as shown in the 5th-century White and Red monasteries near Sohag, showed traces of local Egyptian traditions.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/C/Copticar.asp (601 words)

	Coptic Church
		The name Coptic is derived from the Greek word for Egyptian and reflects the national character of this ancient church, which goes back to the origins of Christianity.
		Coptic is sometimes used improperly to refer to the Ethiopian church because of its unity in faith and close affinity with Christian Egypt.
		Traditionally the Coptic church is headed by the pope and patriarch of Alexandria, who is nominated by an electoral college of clergy and laity, with the final selection among three leading nominees decided by lot.
	www.mb-soft.com /believe/txn/coptic.htm (659 words)

	Egyptian government openly discriminatest
		The consummation of the age of persecution is considered by the Copts to be during the reign of Emperor Diocletian (284-305).
		It is a fact that the Coptic Church has suffered a great deal throughout its long history at the hands of Greeks, Romans, Muslims and western missionaries, but through God's grace, the strength of Coptic monasticism has kept the Church still standing as a monument to original Apostolic Orthodox Christianity.
		The first is a popularly-elected Coptic Lay Council, which appeared on the stage in 1883 A.D. to act as a liaison between the Church and the Government.
	www.copts.net /coptic_church.asp (5717 words)

	St. Mark Foundation - What is Coptic History About? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Coptic history has had, and continues to have, significant influences on customs and traditions, the arts, culture, and administration in Egypt and will continue to do so for many years to come.
		Coptic history reveals the involvement of the Copts in the industry of ship and bridge building and metal industry.
		The early years of Coptic history are buried in the Greek and Roman era, and later Coptic history was obscured when the history of Egypt focused mainly on Arab Egypt making no reference to Coptic history.
	www.coptic-history.org /about_history.htm (290 words)

	An Overview of the Coptic Christians of Egypt (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The history of the Coptic Church in Egypt is basically the history of Christianity in Egypt, for the current Coptic Church is a direct evolution from those earlier times.
		The Coptic calendar has thirteen months, twelve with thirty days each and an intercalary month at the end of the year which has five or six days depending on whether the year is a leap year or not.
		However, since the pilgrimage is a Coptic expression and desire to be close to Christ, the Holy Virgin Mary, as well as the various Coptic saints, many pilgrimages take place in locations thought to have been visited by the Holy Family on their travels to Egypt.
	www.touregypt.net /featurestories/copticchristians.htm (3460 words)

	The Coptic Church
		Early in the fourth century, and amid the fierce storm of persecution of the Copts by Diocletian, the Coptic Church was subjected to another storm rising from within.
		Three liturgies are used in the Coptic Church, the Liturgy of St. Cyril, the Liturgy of St. Basil and the Liturgy of St. Gregory.
		The Coptic Church is experiencing this century quite a significant revival in many aspects of its life: in its ministry both at home and abroad, in education, and in ecumenism.
	www.stmarkcoccleveland.org /copticchurch.html (5725 words)

	Coptic Fellowship Home Page :: History
		In 117 A.D. a Coptic Orthodox Church was established in Cairo.
		In Coptic temple training, Hamid was taught spiritual disciplines in emotional and mental control, meditation, and the futility of fear.
		Today, Coptics not only exist, we are growing, We no longer stand on the threshold of the New Age, we have proven ourselves and have stepped through it.
	www.coptic-sun.org /history.html (3351 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Coptic versus Arabic (from 11th to 14th Century AD.) As the 11th century approached, the excellent relations between the rulers of Egypt and the Church were drastically changed as the Hakem-bi-Amr-Allah became the ruler.
		The only Coptic literary texts composed in the later part of the period were the martyrdom of St John of Phanidijoit, written as such to shield from the eyes of the Moslems, and compositions, urging the Copts to revive their language.
		Coptic in the 20th Century Coptic continued its growth in the Church and among the Ecclesiastically- educated groups that were produced in the early parts of the 20th century.
	www.metalog.org /files/coptic_language.txt (3714 words)

	The Coptic Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Steven Margulies writes: "The Coptic alphabet came about after the Greek conquest of Egypt in the 3rd Century BC and is still in use by the Coptic Church in their religious works.
		The Coptic alphabet is based on the Greek letter form, but has additional letters for sounds used in the Demotic (ancient Egyptian) not found in the Greek, so Coptic appears to be an off-shoot of the two (Demotic and Greek).
		Coptic Christianity is synonymous with Alexandria, but several religious debates have created standing rifts among the faithful, and there are two Popes in Alexandria today as a result; Pope Shenouda III is the Coptic Orthodox Pope •Pope Boutros VII is the Greek Orthodox Pope".
	www.stanford.edu /group/wais/Language/language_copticlang51203.html (174 words)

	Al-Ahram Weekly \| Elections \| On the Coptic campaign trail (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Coptic candidates have during the present campaign addressed crowds at mosques.
		The election campaigns of Coptic candidates are devoid of sectarian language.
		The church's assistance, the same source continued, is confined to "encouraging Copts to shun their political apathy." Pope Shenouda has instructed Coptic candidates not to use slogans with sectarian undertones that may easily be misinterpreted by voters.
	weekly.ahram.org.eg /2000/504/el4.htm (1121 words)

	The Coptic Museum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		he Coptic Museum in Cairo is a life-like record of one of Egypt's periods all fraught with various antiques and monuments reflecting the different civilizations that graced the land of Egypt starting by the Ancient Egyptian civilization, passing by the Greek, the Roman, the Coptic, and lastly the Islamic.
		The Coptic Museum lies behind the walls of the famous Roman Fortress of Babylon in the ancient district of Cairo (Misr Al-Qadima).
		The Coptic Museum in Cairo encloses rare treasures from the Coptic Period exhibiting a dimension of Egypt's civilization.
	www.sis.gov.eg /egyptinf/culture/html/copt001.htm (327 words)

	st-mark-church (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Coptic congregation collected $ 10,000.00 that was enough at that time, to be a down payment for purchasing a Lutheran Church, that was on the market for sale.
		Bishoy "tasoni" Angel was a great teacher to the youth and adult who attended her classes to learn Coptic tunes, hymns and how to chant and sing in the Coptic traditional way.
		Tadros is a prominent scholar of the Coptic Church, a gifted theological personality who wrote hundreds of books for the Coptic Church in Arabic and English and is a notable member of the church in Ecumenical Councils and International Boards.
	www.st-peter-st-paul-coptic-orthodox-church.org /st-mark-church.htm (1756 words)

	Coptic Desk Top Publishing, Coptic Fonts, Coptic General Office, Coptic Reference, Coptic Software - Mac, Coptic ...
		Coptic represents the final stage of the ancient Egyptian language, whose familiar hieroglyphic writing dates as far back as 3000 B.C. The word "Copt" is derived from the Greek, and later the Arabic, word for "Egyptian." Coptic is a Hamitic language, constituting one of the branches of the Afro-Asiatic (Hamito-Semitic) family.
		The transition from Egyptian to Coptic in Egypt may be said to have coincided with the introduction of Christianity.
		The Coptic alphabet consists of thirty-two letters, twenty-five borrowed from the Greek, and seven from Demotic, a later simplified form of the ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs.
	www.worldlanguage.com /Languages/Coptic.htm (346 words)

	David Ensemble - The Glory Coptic Hymns (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Coptic hymns are that praising tradition which was preserved by the Coptic Orthodox Church for 2000 years.
		The Coptic hymns are distinguished for being expressive as they explain the meaning of the spiritual words by the intonation depiction which may increase, rise and fall.
		Undoubtedly, the Coptic hymn has a Pharaonic origin, as it is so natural that the pharoahs, who were specialized in the Gods’ music with its pharaonic secrets, when they became Christians could not get rid of that music which lived in their being, mixed with their life aspects and was stored in their subconscious mind.
	www.davidensemble.com /coptichymns.htm (1600 words)

	Ethiopian Zion Coptic Church
		The Coptic Church is not politically originated, and this was firmly expressed when we met with the political directorate of the land during the period of pre-incorporation.
		We of the Ethiopian Zion Coptic Church declare that the cup that Christ baptized his disciples with in the baptism of the Holy Spirit and fire was in fact a pipe or chillum in which marijuana was smoked.
		We of the Ethiopian Zion Coptic Church declare marijuana for the communion of saints, the forgiveness of sins, and for the resurrection of mankind.
	www.equalrights4all.org /religious/coptic.htm (10942 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Coptic Persecutions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		As for having misunderstood the fourth clause of the edict, the Coptic compiler may well be forgiven his error in view of the divergence of opinion still obtaining among scholars as to the right interpretation of this somewhat obscure passage.
		From that same Coptic church history were taken, possibly, the several excerpts from Eusebius to be found in the "History of the Patriarchs" of Severus of Ashmunein (EGYPT, p.
		However, it seems more likely that the Coptic and Greek works spoken of by Severus were lives of the individual patriarchs, the compilers of which may have used either Eusebius' original text or more probably the Coptic work in question.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/11707a.htm (4583 words)

	Coptic language -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		In contrast to earlier stages of Egyptian, which were written in monumental hieroglyphs, hieratic script, or demotic script, Coptic was written in the Greek alphabet, supplemented by seven letters borrowed from demotic writing.
		Coptic also replaced the religious terms and expressions of earlier...
		The term Coptic derives from Arabic qibt, a corruption of Greek Aigyptios (“Egyptian”); when Muslim Egyptians no longer called themselves by that name, it was applied to the Christian minority.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9026214?tocId=9026214 (894 words)

	Coptic Catholic Church
		Even several centuries before a branch of the Coptic church joined the Catholic church, there were Roman Catholics in Egypt.
		There are no monasteries in the Coptic Catholic Church, in stark contrast to the Coptic Orthodox Church, as well as the Roman Catholic Church.
		1893: 10 churches are given to the Coptic Catholics by the Franciscans in Egypt.
	i-cias.com /e.o/coptic_cath.htm (341 words)

	The Coptic Orthodox Diocese of Sydney & its Affiliated Regions - Coptic Studies
		The intention is that the Master of Arts program in Coptic Studies is to commence in the first academic semester of 2005 (March 2005).
		And although the Coptic civilisation is very rich, it is often neglected and not as well researched as other eras in Egyptian history.
		This public lecture gave the Coptic community, who were invited to attend, a say on who their preferred candidate was.
	coptic.org.au /modules/coptic_studies (1141 words)

	Tenaspi EnremEnKimi Coptic Culture Website (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Common words in the spoken Arabic of Egypt, of Greek or Coptic origin, by Dr Georgy Sobhy Bey
		Coptic words still in use in Egyptian Colloquial
		Excerpts from the history of the Coptic Church
	www.geocities.com /remenkimi (90 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Coptic Bibles
		It is now considered certain that they were made independently and that their differences are to be traced to a difference between the Greek recensions from which they were translated.
		However, in proportion as older manuscripts are discovered, and Coptic versions are submitted to closer study, the pendulum of opinion is swinging back to the former view.
		Lemm, and Schleifer, so as to give to all students of the Coptic version the means of reconstructing as far as possible the ancient codices as they originally were.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/16078c.htm (2243 words)

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