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Topic: Coptic Christianity

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	Coptic Christianity - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Coptic Orthodox Christianity is the indigenous Christianity of Egypt that, according to tradition, the apostle Mark established in the middle of the 1st century (approximately 42).
		The Coptic Church regarded that the ousting of Pope Dioscorus of Alexandria in the council of Chalcedon was in part due to the rivalry between the Bishops of Alexandria and Rome.
		Coptic Christians celebrate Christmas on the 7th of January which, since 2002, is an official national holiday in Egypt.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Coptic_Christianity (3422 words)

	Encyclopedia Coptica: The Christian Coptic Orthodox Church Of Egypt
		The Coptic Church is based on the teachings of Saint Mark who brought Christianity to Egypt during the reign of the Roman emperor Nero in the first century, a dozen of years after the Lord's ascension.
		Throughout that period, the Coptic language remained the language of the land, and it was not until the second half of the 11th century that the first bi-lingual Coptic-Arabic liturgical manuscripts started to appear.
		There are three main Liturgies in the Coptic Church: The Liturgy according to Saint Basil, Bishop of Caesarea; The Liturgy according to Saint Gregory of Nazianzus, Bishop of Constantinople; and The Liturgy according to Saint Cyril I, the 24th Pope of the Coptic Church.
	www.coptic.net /EncyclopediaCoptica (3365 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Coptic Christianity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Coptic Church is one of the Oriental Orthodox churches.
		The Coptic Orthodox Church of Egypt is one of the Oriental Orthodox Churches.
		Coptic Orthodox Christianity is the indigenous form of Christianity that, according to tradition, the apostle Mark established in Egypt in the middle of the 1st century AD (approximately 42).
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Coptic-Christianity (8128 words)

	Coptic Museum - Christianity In Egypt
		Christianity spread during the 2nd century with Clement and Originus and the Christian community larger in number started the foundation of the Christian School in Alexandria that was described to be the equivalent of a Christian university that grew to become an important center for theology study.
		Christianity was strongly fought at its early stages and followers were fiercely persecuted, particularly during Dekledianos reign.
		This led the Christians to run away in order to escape this discrimination and a tendency to celibate spread, they found refuge in deserts and mountain caves where they could freely practice their cult and rituals, their religion being banned in public.
	www.copticmuseum.gov.eg /English/internal/christianity.asp (326 words)

	COPTIC CHRISTIANITY : Encyclopedia Entry
		Coptic Orthodox Christianity is the indigenous Christianity of Egypt that, according to tradition, the apostle Mark established in the middle of the 1st century (approximately 42).
		The Coptic Church regarded that the ousting of Pope Dioscorus of Alexandria in the council of Chalcedon was in part due to the rivalry between the Bishops of Alexandria and Rome.
		Coptic Christians celebrate Christmas on the 7th of January which, since 2002, is an official national holiday in Egypt.
	www.bibleocean.com /OmniDefinition/Coptic_Christianity (3390 words)

	Coptic Christian Paintings (Including Icons)
		As Christianity spread south along the Nile River, the oldest places of worship were often established in what was once pharaonic temples, though only occasional remains of the paintings on their wall may still be observed.
		Christian art from the thirteenth through the fifteenth century is particularly well preserved in the Church of St. Anthony in the famous monastery by the same name near the Red Sea coast.
		The early Coptic Christian icons that followed such as a painting of Christ and Abbot Menas now in the Louvre Museum, of Bishop Abraham now in Berlin and of Saint Theodore in the Coptic Museum, differ from Byzantine works of the same period and are characterized by a local, monastic style.
	www.touregypt.net /featurestories/copticpainting.htm (4392 words)

	Coptic Christianity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Coptic Orthodox Christianity is the indigenous form of Christianity that according to tradition the apostle Mark established in Egypt in the middle of the first century CE (approximately 60 AD The Coptic Orthodox Church is one of the Oriental Orthodox churches.
		In the third century during the persecution of Decius some Christians fled to the desert remained there to pray after the persecutions This was the beginning of the monastic movement which was reorganized by the saints Antony and Pachomius in the 4th century.
		Christianity in the Land of the Pharaohs: The Coptic Orthodox Church
	www.freeglossary.com /Coptic_Catholic_Church (1595 words)

	What is Coptic Christianity and what do Coptic Christians believe?
		Some in the Coptic Orthodox Church believe that their position was misunderstood at the Council of Chalcedon and take great pains to ensure that they are not monophysite (denying the two natures of Christ), but rather "miaphysite" (one composite/conjoined nature from two).
		Coptic Christianity was originally well-founded in theology which other churches in cities throughout the Roman Empire looked up to with great admiration and respect, willingly following their lead in doctrinal like-mindedness and unity.
		It is interesting to note that when the Coptic’s were under the rule of the Roman Empire, they suffered severe persecution and death for their steadfast faith and beliefs in Christ while refusing to worship emperors.
	www.gotquestions.org /Coptic-Christianity.html (566 words)

	An Overview of the Coptic Christians of Egypt
		The history of the Coptic Church in Egypt is basically the history of Christianity in Egypt, for the current Coptic Church is a direct evolution from those earlier times.
		Today, the so-called Monophysite Christians are in the Coptic Church of Egypt, the Ethiopian Church, the Syrian Jacobite Church, the Syrian Church of India, and the Armenian Church.
		However, since the pilgrimage is a Coptic expression and desire to be close to Christ, the Holy Virgin Mary, as well as the various Coptic saints, many pilgrimages take place in locations thought to have been visited by the Holy Family on their travels to Egypt.
	www.touregypt.net /featurestories/copticchristians.htm (3460 words)

	Coptic Egypt: background
		This accusation was rejected by Dioscorus, and the Coptic Church does not consider itself monophysite in the manner portrayed at Chalcedon: the end of the Coptic liturgy declares that the two natures "human" and "divine" are united in one "without mingling, without confusion, without alteration".
		Coptic) before the advent of Christianity; Coptic later became the principal script and language of Christian Egypt below the official Greek (then Arabic) level, and it remains alive today in the Coptic Church, for liturgical use.
		From the 11th century onwards, Arabic was used to write Christian material often side by side with Coptic, producing biligual texts which were instrumental in the process of the European decipherment of Egyptian language by Kircher and successors such as Champollion.
	www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk /coptic/coptic.html (1080 words)

	Coptic Church
		The Coptic church is the by far largest Christian group in both Egypt as well as in North Africa/Middle East.
		The term, Coptic Church, is sometimes used for the Ethiopian church, too, but this bodym now the Ethiopian Orthodox, declared itself independent from its Egyptian heritage in 1959, and does not accept the term 'Coptic' for itself.
		The Coptic church is active in talks with other smaller churches, and has also found a basis for solving theological differences with the Eastern Orthodox church, recognizing that political and verbal distinctions throughout history sometimes formed the basis for disunity.
	i-cias.com /e.o/coptic_c.htm (738 words)

	Church of Alexandria (Coptic) - OrthodoxWiki
		The Coptic Orthodox Church is the portion of the Church of Alexandria which broke from the Byzantine churches in the wake of the Fourth Ecumenical Council in Chalcedon in 451.
		The Coptic Church regards itself as having never believed in monophysitism the way it was portrayed in the Council of Chalcedon, but rather as having always believed in miaphysitism (a doctrine that Oriental Orthodox Churches regard as correct and orthodox).
		There is a small Coptic Catholic Church (Eastern Rite Catholic) established in the 19th century and headed by a Patriarch of Alexandria in communion with the Pope of Rome.
	www.orthodoxwiki.org /Church_of_Alexandria_(Coptic) (2594 words)

	The Copts and Christian Civilization
		In the case of Christianity, the second phase is described as the Oecumenical Movement, in which the hierarchy of all churches met to decide what was canonical and what was uncanonical in Christian beliefs and traditions.
		In the realm of Coptic ecclesiastical architecture, we can assume that the genesis of the basilical style in the Christian world may be traced to ancient Egypt with Coptic craftsmanship the bridge between the ancient dynastic temple and the modern cathedral.
		The interaction between Coptic vocal chanting and the immortal Gregorian chants, the basilical style in Coptic ecclesiastical architecture and the standard cathedrals of the West, and the minor arts of the Copts are all subjects which attract increasing attention by specialists with a promise of revealing hidden influences on our civilization.
	www.mycopticchurch.org /pages/history.html (10699 words)

	The Coptic Orthodox Diocese of Sydney & its Affiliated Regions - Resources and Literature - Church of Martyrs
		The Coptic Orthodox Church is of the oldest known Churches in Christianity.
		With Christian monasticism having its earliest beginnings in Egypt, a dramatic new way of life is unfolding and a positive theology of spiritual life and growth is developing.
		The Coptic Church commemorates to this day, its countless martyrs, by a Coptic Calendar in which the years are dated from anno martyrum, (AM) the "Year of the Martyr." This calendar recalls to all Copts the great persecution of the Christians that began in Egypt in 284 AM.
	www.coptic.org.au /modules/resources_literature/article.php?articleid=184 (1899 words)

	Coptic Centre, UK
		There is evidence that Christian symbols and images were inscribed on their rings, painted on their walls, doors, cups, plates, chairs, and the like.
		One of the foremost Coptic musical scholars, Dr. Ragheb Muftah, says, "Scientific research has proven that the music of the Coptic Church is the most ancient ecclesiastical music in existance, and constitutes the oldest school of music which the world now possesses.
		"Coptic music is a great music and may be called one of the seven wonders of the world, and indeed, if a Caruso filled with the Spirit of God were trying to sing some of the Coptic themes in the form of a great oratorio, it would be enough to rekindle Christendom (spiritually).
	www.copticcentre.com /five.html (1029 words)

	W.E. Crum's Coptic Dictionary
		Coptic is the Egyptian language written in Greek letters – with some additional letters added to represent sounds not found in Greek.
		The Coptic Bible is incredibly important because of its relationship to the early Church and the evolution of the Greek texts in such close proximity to the time of Christ.
		Crum's Coptic Dictionary, combined with the text of the Coptic Bible, a forthcoming addition to Logos, will be a key resource in investigating the text of the New Testament.
	www.logos.com /products/prepub/details/2529 (589 words)

	Coptic Christianity - Article from FactBug.org - the fast Wikipedia mirror site
		Coptic Orthodox Christianity is the indigenous form of Christianity that, according to tradition, the apostle Mark established in Egypt in the middle of the 1st century AD (approximately AD 60).
		The Coptic Church was misunderstood at the Council of Chalcedon.
		Despite the political upheaval, Egypt remained a predominently Christian land, although gradual conversions to Islam over the centuries had the effect of changing Egypt from a predominantly Christian to a predominantly Muslim country by the end of the 12th century.
	www.factbug.org /cgi-bin/a.cgi?a=7601 (2385 words)

	Egyptian Christianity under Islamic Rule
		Al Hakim turned loose the Egyptian mob to demolish Coptic Churches and Jewish synagogues, walled off a Jewish street, leaving all inside to die of starvation, and also walled and sealed the doors of a public bath for women, entombing alive all those who were inside.
		At Caliph al Hakim’s death, toleration returned, the center of Coptic Christianity shifted from Alexandria to the new capital, Cairo and churches were rebuilt.
		Coptic Christians were caught between two equally hostile forces during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries.
	www.bethel.edu /~letnie/AfricanChristianity/EgyptandIslam.html (874 words)

	The Coptic Church of Egypt
		The Coptic Christian church might come to mind as we read the text, but we run into problems when comparing with the Bible.
		"Coptic Christianity represents one of the most ancient and blessed Churches of Christendom and is the only Church prophesied about in the Holy Bible.
		From the biblical record, Christianity would have first reached the area through the eunuch in charge of the treasury of Candace, queen of Ethiopia.
	www.bibleexplained.com /prophets/isai/is19notes.html (955 words)

	Untitled Document
		Since its split from the Byzantine Church in 451, the Coptic Church has proudly maintained its early traditions, and influence from outside has been minimal: the liturgy is still sung to unique rhythms in Coptic, a late stage of the same ancient Egyptian language that is inscribed in hieroglyphs on temple walls and papyri.
		Christianity began in the large and fertile Fayoum oasis of Egypt’s Western Desert as early as the third century, and its presence has endured to the present day.
		Contributions cover the rich Christian literary heritage in Greek, Coptic, and Arabic, while art historians touch on the famous Fayoum portraits and their influence on the production of Coptic icons, as well as on the medieval wall paintings at Naqlun and in textiles, metal objects, and basketry from the region.
	www.coptic-history.org /Books.htm (1078 words)

	Religion in Egypt: The Coptic Church
		By the fourth century, when Constantine made Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire, Coptic traditions were sufficiently different from those in Rome and Constantinople (formerly Byzantium; present-day Istanbul) to cause major religious conflicts.
		By the 10th century, Arabic had replaced Coptic as the primary spoken language, and Coptic was relegated to a liturgical language.
		Christianity in the Land of the Pharaohs: The Coptic Orthodox Church
	www.sacred-destinations.com /egypt/egypt-coptic-church.htm (1066 words)

	Egyptian Christianity: A History of the Christian Church in Egypt
		Christianity entered Africa through Egypt, probably by the preaching of St Mark the gospel-writer, although the apostle Apollos came from Alexandria, Egypt.
		At first the Muslim overlords tolerated the Coptic Christians, because they, like the Jews, were "People of the Book," but gradually they began to tax the Christians more and more heavily, interspersing their taxation policy with active persecution.
		In the 8th century marks were burned on the hands of Christians, in order to identify and control them, in the 9th century Christian were forced to wear five pound crosses around their necks, as a means of identification.
	www.bethel.edu /~letnie/AfricanChristianity/EgyptHomepage.html (735 words)

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