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	CalendarHome.com - Coptic calendar - Calendar Encyclopedia
		To avoid the calendar creep of the latter, a reform of the Ancient Egyptian calendar was introduced at the time of Ptolemy III (Decree of Canopus, in 238 BC) which consisted in the intercalation of a 6th epagomenal day every fourth year.
		The Coptic calendar has 13 months, 12 of 30 days each and an intercalary month at the end of the year of 5 or 6 days, depending whether the year is a leap year or not.
		Coptic years are counted from AD 284, the year Diocletian became Roman Emperor, whose reign was marked by tortures and mass executions of Christians, especially in Egypt.
	encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /Coptic_calendar.htm (0 words)

	Science Fair Projects - Coptic calendar
		To avoid the calendar creep of the latter, a reform of the Ancient Egyptian calendar was introduced at the time of Ptolemy III (Decree of Canopus, in 238 BC) which consisted in the intercalation of a 6th epagomenal day every fourth year.
		The Coptic calendar has 13 months, 12 of 30 days each and an intercalary month at the end of the year of 5 or 6 days, depending whether the year is a leap year or not.
		Coptic years are counted from AD 284, the year Diocletian became Roman Emperor, whose reign was marked by tortures and mass executions of Christians, especially in Egypt.
	www.all-science-fair-projects.com /science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/Coptic_calendar (1426 words)

	Encyclopedia Coptica: The Christian Coptic Orthodox Church Of Egypt
		The Coptic Church is based on the teachings of Saint Mark who brought Christianity to Egypt during the reign of the Roman emperor Nero in the first century, a dozen of years after the Lord's ascension.
		Throughout that period, the Coptic language remained the language of the land, and it was not until the second half of the 11th century that the first bi-lingual Coptic-Arabic liturgical manuscripts started to appear.
		There are three main Liturgies in the Coptic Church: The Liturgy according to Saint Basil, Bishop of Caesarea; The Liturgy according to Saint Gregory of Nazianzus, Bishop of Constantinople; and The Liturgy according to Saint Cyril I, the 24th Pope of the Coptic Church.
	www.coptic.net /EncyclopediaCoptica (0 words)

	Coptic Calendar - OrthodoxWiki
		To avoid the calendar creep of the Ancient Egyptian calendar, a reform of the calendar was introduced at the time of Ptolemy III (Decree of Canopus, in 238 BC), which consisted in the intercalation of a 6th epagomenal (auxiliary) day every fourth year.
		This is the reason why Old Calendarists (using the Julian and Coptic calendars) celebrate Christmas on January 7, two weeks after the New-Calendrists (using the Gregorian calendar), who celebrate Christmas on December 25.
		At the Council of Nicaea, it became one duty of the Coptic Pope of Alexandria to determine the exact dates of Easter and to announce it to the rest of the Christian churches (see Pope Demetrius the Vinedresser, 3rd cent.
	orthodoxwiki.org /Coptic_Calendar (0 words)

	Eternal Egypt - The Coptic Calendar
		It was based on the Julian calendar calculations that implemented the leap year, following an order from Julius Caesar in 46 BC It is named the Coptic calendar or the martyrdom calendar.
		The Coptic calendar follows the sun and calculates the days, seasons, and solar years according to the earth's orbit around the sun.
		The Coptic lunar calendar was based on rules set by the Greek astronomer Meton in the fifth century BC, which state that every 19 solar years is equivalent to 235 whole lunar months without any fractions.
	www.eternalegypt.org /EternalEgyptWebsiteWeb/HomeServlet?ee_website_action_key=action.display.module&story_id=&module_id=132&language_id=1&text=text (0 words)

	An Overview of the Coptic Christians of Egypt
		The history of the Coptic Church in Egypt is basically the history of Christianity in Egypt, for the current Coptic Church is a direct evolution from those earlier times.
		The Coptic calendar has thirteen months, twelve with thirty days each and an intercalary month at the end of the year which has five or six days depending on whether the year is a leap year or not.
		However, since the pilgrimage is a Coptic expression and desire to be close to Christ, the Holy Virgin Mary, as well as the various Coptic saints, many pilgrimages take place in locations thought to have been visited by the Holy Family on their travels to Egypt.
	www.touregypt.net /featurestories/copticchristians.htm (0 words)

	Coptic Calendar
		To avoid the calendar creep described above, a reform of the Ancient Egyptian calendar was introduced at the time of Ptolemy III (Decree of Canopus, in 238 B.C.) which consisted in the intercalation of a 6th epagomenal day every fourth year.
		The so-called proleptic Julian Calendar extends backward in time the regular pattern which has been in force since March of 4 A.D. This may mean a discrepancy of several days from the historical calendar used between 45 BC and AD 4 and it's all but fictitious before that.
		At the Council of Nicea, it became one duty of the Pope of the Coptic Church of Alexandria to determine the exact dates of Easter and to announce it to the rest of the Christian churches.
	www.andrewfanous.com /CopticCorner/CopticCalendar.htm (4002 words)

	Coptic calendar - Education - Information - Educational Resources - Encyclopedia - Music
		The Coptic calendar is used by the Coptic Orthodox Church.
		The Coptic year begins on the Feast of Neyrouz, the first day of the month called Tout, which is equivalent to September 11 in the Gregorian calendar, except before a Gregorian leap year when it's September 12.
		The calendar's year 1 is AD 284/285, and years are referenced as "Anno Martyrum" (A.M.), "in the year of the martyrs".
	www.music.us /education/C/Coptic-calendar.htm (442 words)

	Coptic Orthodox Calendar / Easter Calculation
		The Coptic Orthodox Church uses the Old Calendarist approach in determining the dates of Easter and the other Church Occasions that are dependent on the date of Easter.
		If you are interested in studying more about the Coptic Calendar and the difference between this Calendar and the Western or New Calendars, follow this link to other relevant resources.
		This subdivision is maintained in the Coptic Calendar.
	www.copticchurch.net /easter.html (1160 words)

	Coptic calendar - Definition, explanation
		The year starts on 11 September in the Gregorian Calendar or on the 12th in the year before (Gregorian) Leap Years.
		Its celebration falls on the 1st day of the month of Thout, the first month of the Coptic year, which usually coincides with 11 September, except before a Gregorian leap year when it's September 12.
		Every fourth Coptic year is a leap year without exception, like in the Julian calendar, so the above mentioned new year dates apply only between AD 1900 and 2099 inclusive in the Gregorian Calendar.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/c/co/coptic_calendar.php (0 words)

	Calendars - Numericana
		Coptic years are counted from AD 284, the era of the Coptic martyrs, the year Diocletian became Roman Emperor (his reign was marked by tortures and mass executions of Christians).
		The Zoroastrian calendar is based on months of 30 days and has the same basic structure as the ancient Egyptian calendar (and/or the modern Coptic calendar), including 5 extra days after the 12th month, the gatha days.
		The National Calendar of India was last reformed in 1957: Its leap years coincide with those of the Gregorian calendar, but years begin at the vernal equinox and are counted from the Saka Era (the spring equinox of 79 CE).
	home.att.net /~numericana/answer/calendar.htm (8129 words)

	Coptic Calendar - OrthodoxWiki
		To avoid the calendar creep of the Ancient Egyptian calendar, a reform of the calendar was introduced at the time of Ptolemy III (Decree of Canopus, in 238 BC), which consisted in the intercalation of a 6th epagomenal (auxiliary) day every fourth year.
		This is the reason why Old Calendarists (using the Julian and Coptic calendars) celebrate Christmas on January 7, two weeks after the New-Calendrists (using the Gregorian calendar), who celebrate Christmas on December 25.
		At the Council of Nicaea, it became one duty of the Coptic Pope of Alexandria to determine the exact dates of Easter and to announce it to the rest of the Christian churches (see Pope Demetrius the Vinedresser, 3rd cent.
	www.orthodoxwiki.org /Coptic_Calendar (2391 words)

	The Ethiopic Calendar
		The Ethiopic and Coptic calendars have 13 months, 12 of 30 days each and an intercalary month at the end of the year of 5 or 6 days depending whether the year is a leap year or not.
		This calendar that replaced the Roman calendar (and re-established January 1 as the beginning of new years) became the Julian calendar.
		In the Gregorian calendar every year that is exactly divisible by 4 is a leap year, except for years that are exactly divisible by 100; these centurial years are leap years only if they are exactly divisible by 400.
	www.ethiopic.com /calendar/ethiopic.htm (2664 words)

	Our Church
		The consummation of the age of persecution is considered by the Copts to be during the reign of Emperor Diocletian (284-305).
		Three liturgies are used in the Coptic Church, the Liturgy of St. Cyril, the Liturgy of St. Basil and the Liturgy of St. Gregory.
		The Coptic Church is experiencing this century quite a significant revival in many aspects of its life: in its ministry both at home and abroad, in education, and in ecumenism.
	www.stmarkcoccleveland.org /copticchurch.html (5737 words)

	Al-Ahram Weekly \| Features \| Thirteen months of toil (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Sham El-Nessim, the Coptic Easter Monday, is an ancient Egyptian festival that is still celebrated in much the same manner as it was in the age of the pharaohs.
		The eighth month of the Coptic calendar is a rather unfortunate one as far as the weather is concerned.
		In all, the Coptic calendar is a rich coterie of ancient tradition, Egyptian gods and Christian saints, embracing peoples and lands in their broader history.
	weekly.ahram.org.eg /2004/682/feature.htm (2443 words)

	Alternative Calendars - Equity & Diversity
		While the exact date of the origin of the Coptic calendar is unknown, it is considered to be the oldest in history and to have originated three millennia before Christ.
		The new version of the calendar, which came to be known as the Gregorian Calendar, was adopted almost immediately by the Roman Catholic countries of Europe.
		Unlike the Jewish calendar, it is not adjusted to bring it into line with the solar year; therefore each new year starts 10 or 11 days earlier than the preceding (solar) year.
	adm.monash.edu /sss/equity-diversity/calendar/alternative-calendars.html (1384 words)

	History & info - various calendars used by smaller groups
		The Ethiopian calendar is based on the Coptic calendar, although it differs with regard to the saint's days and the time of observing them.
		However, basing the Persian calendar purely on an astronomical observation of the vernal equinox is rejected by many, and a few mathematical rules for determining the length of the year have been suggested.
		The names of the months in the Bahá'í (Badí) calendar were given by the Báb, who drew them from the nineteen names of God invoked in a prayer said during the month of fasting in Islam.
	webexhibits.org /calendars/calendar-other.html (0 words)

	WunderMoosen
		The Ethiopic Calendar is a Christian calendar, that sets their year 1 to the birth of Christ.
		There were several calendars in use in Ancient Egypt, and the civil calendar was originally based on 365 days a year.
		The Coptics, are Christian Egyptians who commemorated the slaughter of their brethren in 284 AD by acknowledging their deaths as year 1 of their calendar.
	www.wundermoosen.com /WunderMoosenWeb-coptic-and-ethiopic-calendar-article.aspx (279 words)

	The Coptic calendar
		In the Coptic calendar there are common year and leap years.
		This entails that, the calendar beginning of the year after 4 years, thus in 5th year again synchronously to the actual beginning of the year runs.
		The year of such a calendar has 365 days and in certain distances should auxiliary days be inserted, since otherwise the calendar runs to the actual year asynchronously.
	www.kalendersysteme.de /english/calendar/systems/calendar_11.html (0 words)

	Religious Pages, Quran / Koran, Bible / KJVbible, Coptic Synaxarium, Coptic Calendar. Viewed in week: 30 - July 2007
		The Synaxarium, based on the Coptic Calendar, as used by the Coptic Orthodox Churches.
		The Coptic language is a direct descendant of the ancient Egyptian language which was once written in Egyptian hieroglyphic, hieratic, and demotic scripts.
		The Coptic alphabet is a slightly modified form of the Greek alphabet, with some letters (which vary from dialect to dialect) deriving from demotic.
	www.sengers-au.com /Portal/content/view/17/46 (0 words)

	Joda Time - Java date and time API - Coptic calendar system
		The Ethiopic calendar system is similiar to the Coptic calendar and based on that used in ancient Egypt.
		The Ethiopic calendar system consists of 12 months of exactly 30 days, followed by a 5 or 6 day intercalary month making a year of 365 or 366 days.
		The epoch date for the calendar is 0008-08-29 (Julian), which therefore is 0001-01-01 (Ethiopic).
	joda-time.sourceforge.net /cal_ethiopic.html (233 words)

	Coptic Centre, UK
		A great number of Copts were martyred in the period of his reign, that's why it was considered the starting point of the Coptic calendar.
		On 25 June 1959, a protocol was issued in Cairo organizing the relationship between the Coptic Orthodox church and the Ethiopian church.
		Article 1 stipulates that the supreme spiritual head of the latter church is the pope of Alexandria and the patriarch of the See of Saint Mark, while article 4 provides for the elevation of the spiritual head of the Ethiopian church to the rank of catholicos patriarch.
	www.copticcentre.com /c.html (2469 words)

	Coptic calendar Information
		This calendar is based on the ancient Egyptian calendar.
		To avoid the calendar creep of the latter, a reform of the ancient Egyptian calendar was introduced at the time of Ptolemy III (Decree of Canopus, in 238 BC) which consisted of the intercalation of a sixth epagomenal day every fourth year.
		An introduction to the Coptic calendar (Gregorian equivalents are valid only between 1900 and 2099)
	www.bookrags.com /Coptic_calendar (1138 words)

	Coptic Egypt
		The land of Egypt is truly a historical delight, but it's not just the ancient Egyptians who left their mark for all to see, so too did the Copts, the early Christians from just after the time of Christ.
		The modern use of the term "Coptic" refers to both the Egyptian Christians themselves, and the final stage of the language of the Ancient Egyptians.
		The Coptic Church is based upon the teachings of St Mark, who brought Christianity to Egypt in around 50 AD.
	www.egyptologyonline.com /coptic_egypt.htm (572 words)

	The History of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Egypt & the Copts - St. Takla Hiamout Church - Alexandria
		For example, there were restrictions on repairing old Coptic Churches and building new ones, on testifying in court, on public behavior, on adoption, on inheritance, on public religious activities, and on dress codes.
		The Coptic Orthodox Church's clergy is headed by the Pope of Alexandria (more info about His Holiness can be found here at St. Takla's website) and includes Bishops who oversee the priests ordained in their dioceses.
		Both the Pope and the Bishops must be monks; they are all members of the Coptic Orthodox Holy Synod (Council), which meets regularly to oversee matters of faith and pastorship in the Church.
	st-takla.org /Coptic-church-1.html (3250 words)

	Coptic Christians Coming Under Attack in Egypt - April 17, 2006 - The New York Sun
		CAIRO, Egypt - The country's Coptic Christian leaders are challenging the Interior Ministry's line that stabbings in two Alexandria churches on Friday were the act of a deranged man working alone.
		The perception among many Coptic leaders is that crimes against Christians in Egypt are not prosecuted as seriously as crimes against Muslims, and that the state sanctions discrimination in the public and private sphere.
		The official line yesterday from the government on the attacks was that 25-year-old Mahmoud Salah-Eddin Abdel-Raziq entered three churches on Friday and stabbed worshipers as revenge for the publication last fall in some European newspapers of caricatures of the Prophet Muhammad.
	www.nysun.com /article/31069 (0 words)

	The Walls of Babilonia
		A sign of the religious tolerance existing in Egypt is the use of the calendars of the various faiths existing in the country.
		The Coptic calendar is the solar calendar adopted by Julius Caesar.
		The Coptic calendar counts the years since the accession to the throne of Diocletian and the year is followed by A.M. (Anno Martyrum) rather than A.D. (Anno Domini), as it makes reference to the persecutions ordered by that emperor in 303-304 and which particularly hit the Christians in Egypt.
	members.tripod.com /romeartlover/Cairo.html (799 words)

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