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Topic: Copulation

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	Copulation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A pair of lions copulating in the Maasai Mara, Kenya.
		Copulation is the union of the external sexual organs of two sexually reproducing animal organisms for insemination and for subsequent internal fertilization, which is fertilization of ova inside organisms.
		The two organisms may be of opposite sexes or hermaphroditic, as is the case with, for example, snails.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Copulation (292 words)

	Briceno genitalic Structure copulation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Between 10 and 20 min from the initiation of copulation (which normally lasts on the order of 89.6 ± 32.4 min, n=15) 20 pairs were frozen with ethylchloride, and the females were then dissected immediately to determine the location of the different parts of the male genitalia inside her.
		In order to copulate the male attempts to align himself with the female, cerci to cerci, and maintain the tips of his cerci downward so that his abdomen is bent 90 degrees, thus inducing the female to raise the tip of her abdomen or cerci.
		During copulation the prepucial sac of the male is everted (probably by an increase in haemolymph pressure) and the virga is placed directly in the spermatheca to deposit spermatazoidia.
	rbt.ots.ac.cr /revistas/45-3/briceno.htm (2066 words)

	Copulation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Once transferred, the sperm remain for a while in storage at the lower end of the oviduct, and then swim to the upper end of that duct to fertilize the egg.
		A single copulation is usually sufficient to fertilize the eggs laid over a period of about a week.
		If copulation is observed in the field, the habitat, time of day, position used, duration, and any associated behavior should be recorded.
	www.stanfordalumni.org /birdsite/text/essays/Copulation.html (591 words)

	Lambert of Auxerre: Properties of Terms
		Copulation is a property modifiers have by virtue of being linked to nouns either as predicates (e.g., 'The cat is fl') or as attributive adjectives (e.g., 'the fl cat').
		Copulation is the acceptance of a term representing a dependent thing, an acceptance in accordance with which it can be interpreted for its [signified] thing, or for a suppositum or supposita contained under its [signified] thing.
		Copulating, on the other hand, belongs to what adjoins ((adiacentis/adiectivis)) [something else] and to what represents a dependent thing, but to adjoin and to represent a dependent thing is a property of adjectives.
	www.fordham.edu /gsas/phil/klima/MEDPHIL/Lambert.htm (4305 words)

	COPULATION AND MATE GUARDING IN THE NORTHERN FULMAR
		Successful copulations were easily distinguished from unsuccessful attempts because the apposition of the birds' cloacae was a labored and conspicuous pro- cess, as was the final thrusting by the male (lasting several seconds) once cloacal contact was achieved.
		In 1981 the standard 1-h copulation count was divided into a 0.5-h morning segment (con- ducted between 0800 and 1030) and a 0.5-h afternoon segment (conducted between 1300 and 1700).
		Third, the fe- male whose mate is derelict in his prelaying attendance and copulation in the current sea- son, or that has experienced infertility with her partner in the past, may attempt to prevent its recurrence by copulating with other males.
	elibrary.unm.edu /sora/Auk/v104n03/p0450-p0461.html (10525 words)

	Animal Behavior: Walnut Flies (research abstracts)
		These component effects yielded a striking composite effect of operational sex ratio (OSR) on copulation duration in which male-biased ratios were associated with low frequencies of short copulations and female-biased ratios were associated with high frequencies of short copulations.
		In the field, short copulations tended to begin and end on fruit, whereas most long copulations generally began on fruit but ended in the foliage, suggesting a possible effect of resource presence on the copulation duration.
		In laboratory assays of isolated pairs, copulations were significantly shorter in the presence of a surrogate fruit, confirming the effect of resource presence.
	eebweb.arizona.edu /Animal_Behavior/walnut_flies/walnut_fly9a.htm (480 words)

	SUMMA THEOLOGICA: Is impotence an impediment to marriage? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		For carnal copulation is not essential to marriage, since marriage is more perfect when both parties observe continency by vow.
		Further, calidity may prove a sufficient incentive to carnal copulation with one who is not a virgin, but not with one who is, because it happens to be so weak as to pass away quickly, and is therefore insufficient for the deflowering of a virgin.
		Although the act of carnal copulation is not essential to marriage, ability to fulfill the act is essential, because marriage gives each of the married parties power over the other's body in relation to marital intercourse.
	www.newadvent.org /summa/505801.htm (1100 words)

	Short description of Owl Copulation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The female goes into a sort of squat as the male edges toward her and as he places a foot low on her back with his wings partially outspread, she partially spreads her own and tilts her underside toward him.
		The male presses his cloacal opening close to hers and copulation commences, continuing for as short a time as 5 to 10 seconds to upward of 30 seconds.
		The act of copulation is sometimes repeated within about five minutes but more often the two birds fly off immediately after the first, the female leading the way and the male close behind her.
	home.socal.rr.com /rbalg/owlpage3.html (999 words)

	ARS \| Publication request: Copulation Duration in Three Species of Anthocoris (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae) at Different ...
		Technical Abstract: We compared mean duration of copulation among three species of predatory bugs in the genus Anthocoris: A. tomentosus P¿ricart, A. whitei Reuter, and A. nemoralis (Fabricius).
		Copulation duration was longest in A. whitei (mean = 89.3 min), of intermediate length in A. tomentosus (mean = 40.0 min), and shortest in A. nemoralis (mean = 14.1 min).
		Size of the membranous sperm reservoir in the female increased with increasing duration of copulation.
	ars.usda.gov /research/publications/publications.htm?SEQ_NO_115=111422 (430 words)

	Extra-pair Copulation in Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris)
		Extra-pair Copulations (EPC’s) are instances where an animal that has a mate copulates with an individual other than its mate.
		In starlings, females usually solicit the within-pair copulations, but males were also observed soliciting the EPC’s (Pinxten and Eens 1996).
		Copulation and mate-guarding patterns in polygynous European starlings.
	depts.alverno.edu /nsmt/441samprev.htm (306 words)

	AEZ : Vol. 37 (2002) , No. 1 199-205 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The size and age at first copulation and spawning of the apple snail, Pomacea canaliculata, were determined at three food levels under laboratory conditions (14L:10D; 25°C).
		However, age at first copulation was similar among snails at all food levels.
		The adaptive significance of these patterns in sexual maturity and their possible implications for the integrated management of this snail are discussed.
	dx.doi.org /10.1303/aez.2002.199 (238 words)

	Sexual intercourse - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Sexual intercourse, specifically coitus, is the human form of copulation.
		A detailed description of the physiology of sexual arousal and orgasm can be found in the article Human sexual response cycle.
		The "doggy style" position is a misnomer, as dogs, unlike many other quadrupeds, do not copulate in this position (see canine copulation).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sexual_intercourse (2206 words)

	INABIS '98 - The Role of Vocalizations in the Behavioral Regulation of Reproductive Behavior in Rodents
		During copulation, hamster females maintain lordosis for hundreds of seconds, while the male mounts and intromits repeatedly; male calling increases the duration of the female's lordosis response.
		These authors agreed with the earlier authors in suggesting that calls emitted during handling are associated with maternal contact, and possibly may reduce rough or aversive contact by the mother.
		On the other hand, the female be better able to avoid a male if she has not received enough intromissions to achieve an endocrine state conducive to pregnancy; this situation is possible in rats, which copulate in groups in the natural environment.
	www.mcmaster.ca /inabis98/brudzynski/white0360/two.html (3853 words)

	Female remating in Drosophila ananassae: shorter duration of copulation during second mating as compared to first mating
		In all the strains, duration of copulation is significantly shorter in second matings as compared to first matings.
		The duration of copulation was measured in first as well as second matings in all ten strains of D.
		Thus, it may be suggested that different species may vary in the incidence of remating and duration of copulation due to differences in their reproductive biology and adaptation.
	www.ias.ac.in /jbiosci/december1999/article5.htm (3455 words)

	Circadian clock genes reign in duration of fruit fly copulation
		Whereas copulation normally lasts for around 15 minutes, males carrying mutations in period or timeless spent up to 30—50% more time in copulation than their normal male counterparts.
		The effect is sex-specific, because mutant female flies copulating with normal males did not show a similar change in behavior.
		However, despite their roles in controlling the timing of daily behaviors such as sleep, the period and timeless genes appear to influence the duration of fly copulation through a mechanism that is separate from the daily circadian clock.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2004-08/cp-ccg081704.php (394 words)

	Regulation by the Medial Amygdala of Copulation and Medial Preoptic Dopamine Release -- Dominguez et al. 21 (1): 349 -- ...
		Behavioral measures were obtained by observing the subject male copulate with a receptive female in his home cage.
		DA in the MPOA in response to a female and during copulation.
		McGregor A, Herbert J (1992) Differential effects of excitotoxic basolateral and corticomedial lesions of the amygdala on the behavioural and endocrine responses to either sexual or aggression-promoting stimuli in the male rat.
	www.jneurosci.org /cgi/content/full/21/1/349 (4907 words)

	Copulation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		As a result, the penis becomes hard and erect, prepared for insertion into the female vagina.
		During copulation, the penis is stimulated by friction.
		When sufficiently stimulated, waves of contraction sweep through the smooth muscles of the epididymis, vasa deferentia, seminal glands, and urethra.
	www.scientia.org /cadonline/Biology/reproductive/copulation.ASP (449 words)

	AEZ : Vol. 37 (2002) , No. 1 163-169 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Actual copulations of the swift moth, Endoclita excrescens (Butler), were recorded both in field observations at Takasaki in Kukizaki Town, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan and in a large cage at the Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute during a research period from 1 September to 7 October 1999.
		Copulations took place during the dusk flight and the complete process of successful mating behavior in E.
		Eiko Kan, Toshitaka Hidaka, Takashi Sato and Hiroshi Kitajima: “Copulation and male calling in the swift moth, Endoclita excrescens (Butler) (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae)” Applied Entomology and Zoology Vol.
	dx.doi.org /10.1303/aez.2002.163 (248 words)

	RongoRongo by Steven Fischer
		That is, someone or something copulates with someone or something and the result of the copulation is the offspring, which can be a child, plant, fish, bird, or even the sun.
		That is, glyph X copulates with glyph Y, as the phallus indicates, and the issue of this copulation is glyph Z or another glyph X. This initial discovery indicated that Rapanui's rongorongo script is a mixed writing system: it is both logographic and semasiographic.
		This procreation is conspicuously similar to one of the 41 procreation items mentioned by Daniel Ure Va`e Iko in 1886: "Land copulated with the fish Ruhi Paralyser: There issued forth the sun" [Figure 16].
	www.netaxs.com /~trance/fischer.html (3475 words)

	ARS \| Publication request: Copulation Duration and Probability of Insemination in Anthocoris Whitei Reuter ...
		These results assist our understanding of the reproductive biology of this important natural enemy, and could contribute in the future if this species is reared in the laboratory for release in the field.
		Technical Abstract: Copulation duration in Anthocoris whitei Reuter decreased significantly with increasing male length or width, albeit with high levels of unexplained variation.
		We interrupted copulation at 20 minutes or 40 minutes at both 25 deg C and 15 deg C to determine the interacting effects of male size, temperature, and copulation duration on probability of insemination.
	www.ars.usda.gov /research/publications/publications.htm?SEQ_NO_115=112215&pf=1 (358 words)

	Female mate preferences and subsequent resistance to copulation in the mallard -- Cunningham 14 (3): 326 -- Behavioral ...
		Female mate preferences and subsequent resistance to copulation in the mallard -- Cunningham 14 (3): 326 -- Behavioral Ecology
		Female mate preferences and subsequent resistance to copulation in the mallard
		solicit or accept copulations from males other than their partner.
	beheco.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/abstract/14/3/326 (317 words)

	Supreme Court Considers Oral Copulation
		Defining "simulated oral copulation" was the focus of oral arguments Thursday in the Missouri Supreme Court.
		Stark characterized the phrase "simulated oral copulation" as a "simulated biological impossibility" - because copulation was defined as a genital joining and oral pertained to the mouth.
		He suggested a "little smooch" could be interpreted as oral copulation.
	www.mdn.org /1999/STORIES/ORALSEX.HTM (506 words)

	MC COPULATION
		What science has not known is what happens when a unicorn crams his unsheathed hose into the loading slot of a Nintendo while reading "Infinite Jest." Not known until now, anyway.
		My name is MC Copulation, and I am a genius sex rapper.
		After graduating from college, I suddenly found myself playing at Pearl Street to a crowd of hundreds, thanks to the draw of the semi-regular Panic dance night.
	copulation.destructo.org (277 words)

	Crime Scene Blog » Decisions
		In its present form, section 288a provides a graduated scale of punishment depending on the age of the parties and the presence or absence of force or other coercion.
		Although section 288a (b)(1) applies to all acts of oral copulation with a person under the age of 18, other provisions provide for greater punishment for involuntary acts and acts involving younger victims.
		We are concerned here with the validity of the mandatory registration requirement for the first category – voluntary acts of oral copulation when the victim is 16 or 17 years of age.
	www.crimesceneblog.com /?cat=12 (3176 words)

	Virile Cricket Hits Copulation Record
		Australian scaly cricket males can copulate 50 to 58 times within three to four hours with the same female, which sets the world record for the mostcopulations per unit time of any creature within the animal and insect kingdom, according to a report in the current Royal Society Biology Letters.
		Tigers can mate up to 50 times a day at a rateof five to 15 minutes over the course of five or six days.
		The research also suggests that "extreme repeated mating" can develop in response to female-imposed limits on copulation.
	www.animalbehavior.org:8081 /ABS/ABSNews/1084398272/index_html (176 words)

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