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Topic: Copyhold tenure

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	Copyhold - LoveToKnow Watches
		Copyhold is necessarily parcel of a manor, and the freehold is said to be in the lord of the manor.
		Hence it appears that the existence of copyhold tenures may sometimes be traced by the total absence of timber from such lands, while on freehold lands it grows in abundance.
		The custom dates from the time when all the copyholder's property, including the copyholder himself, belonged to the lord, and is supposed to have been fixed by way of analogy to the custom which gave a military tenant's habiliments to his lord in order to equip his successor.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Copyhold (1767 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Its origin is to be found in the occupation by villani, or non-freemen, of portions of land belonging to the manor of a feudal lord.
		The records of the court constituted the title of the villein tenant, held by copy of the court roll (whence the term "copyhold "); and the customs of the manor therein recorded formed the real property law applicable to his case.
		No creation of new copyholds by granting land out of the waste is permissible, save with the consent of the Board of Agriculture; and the act enacts that a valid admittance of a new copy-holder may be made without holding a court.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /correction/edit?locale=en&content_id=17515 (1758 words)

	tenure, in law. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Tenure has varied greatly from feudal to modern times; although the patterns of transition have been many, the essential nature of the problem and its legal complexities can be seen in the development of tenure in English law.
		Unfree, or servile, tenure was generally that of the villein, who performed menial services and was a tenant at the will of the lord (see manorial system).
		Characteristically, under customary tenures the rights of peasant transfer remain limited, obligations for the payment of rent are often imposed upon the cultivating community as a whole, and debts are hereditary from generation to generation.
	www.bartleby.com /65/te/tenure2.html (1739 words)

	Copyhold - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		At its origin in medieval England, Copyhold tenure was tenure of land according to the custom of the manor, the "title deeds" being a copy of the record of the manor court.
		Copyholds were gradually enfranchised (turned into ordinary holdings of land—either freehold or 999-year leasehold) during the 19th century.
		Tenure in feu (the general name for the following)
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Copyhold (111 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Copyhold estate had to be parcel of a manor and its existence required a manor and a manor court.
		Copyhold or customary tenure, with its peculiar and varied administrative procedures or customs (general and particular) and `incidents' (liabilities and obligations of tenure), was retained as the only other recognised tenure.
		By the late 18th century copyhold tenure was the mainstay of the manorial court and seen as ripe for reform and much copyhold land had already been assimilated to freeholds.
	www.bedfordshire.gov.uk /BedsCC/SDcountyrec.nsf/256f47702b52e67c80256b76003ddadc/78c54d6341af6a7880256e77004d7677?OpenDocument (1195 words)

	Feudal Glossary
		COPYHOLD: in English law, a form of landholding defined as a "holding at the will of the lord according to the custom of the manor." Its origin is found in the occupation by villeins, or nonfreemen, of portions of land belonging to the manor of the feudal lord.
		Chivalric tenures were also subject to wardship, the guardianship of a fief of a minor, and marriage, payment made in lieu of marriage of the vassal's daughter to the lord.
		Tenure in villenage in England then became known as copyhold tenure (abolished after 1925), in which the holder was personally free and paid rent in lieu of services.
	www.chobham.org.uk /feudal_glossary.htm (1704 words)

	Blackstone's Commentaries - Book the Second - Chapter the Sixth : Of the Modern English Tenures
		Tenure in burgage therefore, or burgage tenure, is where houfes, or lands which were formerly the fcite of houfes, in an antient borough, are held of fome lord in common focage, by a certain eftablifhed rent.
		And it is poffible, that as this fpecies of focage tenure is plainly foundedupon predial fervices, or fervices of the plough, it Mary have given caufe to imagine that all focage tenures arofe fromthe fame original; for want of diftinguifhing,with Bracton, between free-focage or focage of frank-tenure, and villan-focage or focage of antient demefne.
		LANDS held by this tenure are therefore a fpecies of copyhold, and as fuch preferved and exempted from the operation of the ftatute of Charles II.
	www.yale.edu /lawweb/avalon/blackstone/bk2ch6.htm (5820 words)

	Lord of the Manor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The tenure of the freeholders was protected by the royal courts.
		However their customary tenure continued and in the sixteenth century the royal courts also began to protect these customary tenants, who became known as copyholders.
		In 1925 copyhold tenure formally ended with the enactment of Law of Property Acts, 1922 and 1924.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lord_of_the_Manor (940 words)

	COPYHOLD - Online Information article about COPYHOLD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Act, that of 1841, was consolidated by the Copyhold Act 1894.
		uniform law applicable tc land in general, enfranchisement, or the conversion of land held by copyhold tenure into freehold, is often desired.
		mortgage of copyhold estate in the land enfranchised becomes a mortgage of the freehold, though subject to the priority of the rent charge paid in compensation under the act.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /COM_COR/COPYHOLD.html (2533 words)

	Puerto Vallarta Mexico Real Estate - PVMirror.com
		An abstract of title is the condensed history of title to a particular parcel of real estate and consists of a summary of the original grant, all subsequent conveyances and encumbrances affecting the property, as well as a certification by the abstractor that the history is complete an accurate.
		In medieval England, copyhold tenure was a term of possession of land, permitted to common folk, according to the custom/law of the manor.
		Copyholds were gradually turned into ordinary holdings of land, either freehold or a 999-year leasehold, during the l9th century.
	www.pvmirror.com /realestate/162-november.html (1921 words)

	Primary Source Microfilm's Online Guides
		A practical treatise on copyhold tenure and court keeping : with an appendix comprising rules to be observed in holding a customary court baron, particularly with reference to plaints in the nature of real actions : precedents of court rolls, appointments, copyhold assurances, &c.
		A treatise on copyhold, customary freehold, & ancient demesne tenure : with the jurisdiction of courts baron and courts leet.
		A treatise on copyholds, customary freeholds, ancient demesne, and the jurisdiction of courts baron and courts leet.
	microformguides.gale.com /BrowseSubset.asp?colldocid=1012035&Item=&Page=36 (793 words)

	TENANTS AND TENURES
		Borough English : A widespread form of tenure in which it was customary for the youngest son to inherit.
		Burgage : A tenure in an ancient borough which was held of the Crown or the lords of the borough.
		Freehold : A tenure which was not subject to the customs of the manor or the will of the lord and which could be disposed of without restriction.
	www.troy.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk /g_tenant.htm (1690 words)

	The National Archives \| Manorial Document Register \| Help \| Frequently asked questions
		Copyhold tenure, as opposed to freehold or leasehold, was a form of landholding peculiar to manors.
		Copyhold tenants were restricted in what they could do with their land and needed permission from the manorial court to inherit, sell, sublet, buy or mortgage their copyhold property.
		The term copyhold therefore derives from the fact that the land was held by copy of the court roll.
	www.nationalarchives.gov.uk /mdr/help/mdr/mdrfaq.htm (1213 words)

	Home Life of the Highlanders - Organisation and Tenures
		But, more striking still, the English tenure of Copyhold, which, in form at least, is still the tenure under which considerable areas are still held, marks a recrudescence in feudal days of the old Celtic rule which rested the right to the possession of land upon kinship rather than upon grant.
		The remarkable thing about copyhold tenure, In its original features, was that it was not a survival, but a revival, of tribal custom; it was superimposed upon, rather than left undisturbed by, the Feudal System.
		These larger holders were, with some historic exceptions, content to convert their tribal tenure into that of landlord and tenant—the chief, by virtue of his feudal ownership, becoming the landlord and the cadets of the clan—as they afterwards became to be known—the Tacksmen or leasehold tenants.
	www.electricscotland.com /history/home3.htm (2743 words)

	FamilyChest : Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Admittance and Surrender are procedures which relate to Manorial courts whenever copyhold land changes hands, an event which would generally allow the Lord of the Manor to charge a fine.
		Copyhold land could not be disposed of without the consent of the Lord of the Manor (as opposed to Freehold land).
		Land that could be disposed of without requiring the consent of the Lord of the Manor was Freehold (see Copyhold for the alternative).
	www.familychest.co.uk /Glossary.htm (1334 words)

	GENUKI: Cornwall
		Copyhold was a form of land tenure for land held from a lord of the manor, originally for agricultural labour, but since Tudor times for monetary payment.
		Copyhold was so called because from early times it was customary for two copies of the lease to be made - one for the lord of the manor and one for the tenant.
		A copyhold lease was normally granted for the lives of three named persons; but it might last in practice for four lives, because the widow of a male tenant dying in possession was allowed what was called "free bench" so long as she remained unwed.
	www.genuki.org.uk /big/eng/Cornwall (12381 words)

	Images Of Cumbria - Castle Sowerby
		The manor is held directly of the Duke, to whom the tenants pay a copyhold yearly rent and a god's penny (a silver penny) on change by death or alienation, but nothing is paid on the death or change of lord.
		Copyhold lands upon this manor do not descend to the heir male (as that term is understood in the law of descents).
		The memory of its ancient tenure is perpetuated by the figure of a man, holding a spear, standing out from the roof above the front entrance.
	www.stevebulman.f9.co.uk /cumbria/1901/castlesowerby1901_f.html (2357 words)

	MSS - Portland (London) Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire Estate Papers, Sales 9, University of Nottingham
		Covenant by (1) to surrender the copyhold parts of the above four allotments into the hands of the Lord of the Manor of Mansfield, to the use of (3) and his heirs and assigns, subject to the proviso below.
		Endorsed (27 Apr. 1809): Covenant by William Butcher that the freehold and copyhold lands above are to be charged with a further £ 100 lent to him by Joseph Alvey in the same manner as the £ 900.
		Recites mortgage of 11 copyhold houses and a close of land called the Meadow (6a.) in Sutton in Ashfield, from (2) to George Moore, Thomas Maltby, Francis Evans and William Richard Middlemore of Nottingham, and to James Maltby of Mansfield, bankers and co-partners, to secure £ 1,000 plus interest, on 28 Jan. 1808.
	www.nottingham.ac.uk /mss/online/online-mss-catalogues/cats/port_londonple_nottsales9.html (8647 words)

	tenure - Definition, Synonyms, and Reference from OnPedia.com
		presidency, presidential term, administration - the tenure of a president; "things were quiet during the Eisenhower administration"
		copyhold - a medieval form of land tenure in England; a copyhold was a parcel of land granted to a peasant by the lord of the manor in return for agricultural services
		freehold - tenure by which land is held in fee simple or for life
	www.onpedia.com /dictionary/tenure (192 words)

	Northumberland National Park - Glossary : A - C (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Copyhold: a tenure in which land was held by copy of an entry recording admittance made in the record of the manor court.
		Customary tenure: an unfree tenure in which land was held "at the will of the lord, according to the custom of the manor'.
		In practice usually a copyhold of inheritance in Cumbria by the sixteenth century.
	www.northumberland-national-park.org.uk /VisitorGuide/TimesPast/HistoricVillageAtlas/GlossaryAC.htm (338 words)

	The Wik Peoples v The State of Queensland & Ors; The Thayorre People v The State of Queensland & Ors - Title
		Native title is liable to be extinguished by laws enacted by, or with the authority of, the legislature or by the act of the executive in exercise of powers conferred upon it[76].
		The creation of a tenure, however limited the estate in the particular parcel of land may be, establishes exhaustively the entire proprietary legal interests which may be enjoyed in that parcel of land.
		But it fails to attribute to the doctrines of tenure and estates their function of maintaining the skeleton of the law of real property unless native title is treated as the equivalent of an estate in remainder, falling into possession on the determination of a prior estate.
	hei.unige.ch /~clapham/hrdoc/docs/wikcase1996.html (15096 words)

	GENUKI: Pembrokeshire Farming c 1580-1620
		In talking of the law affecting one particular type of customary tenure, copyhold, Tawney observes that 'its essence is to be local and peculiar,' 1 and this may be extended to embrace customary tenancies as a whole.
		The copyholder as such is rarely mentioned in sixteenth and early seventeenth century manorial documents relating to Pembrokeshire, preference being given to the wider generic terms 'customary tenant' and 'tenant at will', as to the more specific 'husbandryholder' or 'censory holder'.
		Just as it is necessary to be wary in assuming that copyholders by inheritance were prospering greatly on account of their tenurial security, fixed rents, and fixed entry fines, so it is misleading to visualise censoryholders and leaseholders as a group which was being pauperised by the exactions of rack-renting landlords.
	www.genuki.org.uk /big/wal/PemFarm3.html (10689 words)

	Glossary
		COPYHOLD: in English law, a form of landholding defined as a "holding at the will of the lord according to the custom of the manor." Its origin is found in the occupation by villeins, or non freemen, of portions of land belonging to the manor of the feudal lord.
		feudal land tenure system by which land was held by tenants from lords.
		TALLAGE The tax introduced by the Norman kings as a partial substitute for the Danegeld, was levied by the kings and lords on their demesne lands; under Richard I and John it became a common source of royal revenue.
	www.chobham.info /glossary.htm (2981 words)

	Feudalism by Paul Vinogradoff (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Yet even a villein received his yard-land or ox-gang from the steward of a lord after swearing an oath of fealty and in the form of an "admittance" by the staff, of which a record was kept in the rolls of the manorial court: hence the copyhold tenure of English law.
		Tenure conditioned by service was called the feudum, fief, Lehn, but sometimes these terms were restricted to the better class of such estates, those held by military service, while the lands for which rents and labour-services were rendered were described as censivae, in England socagia.
		Although feudal tenure was certainly the most common mode of holding land, it was not the only one.
	www.yuricareport.com /Feudalism/Feudalism_Vinogradoff.html (9490 words)

	Painswick: Economic history \| British History Online
		43) Copyhold tenure was by inheritance sibi et suis and in the mid 15th century the position of the tenants was improved in view of the death of 11 married tenants on military service for the earl of Shrewsbury.
		38) and it was apparently the copyhold comprising a fulling-mill, gig-mill, and grist-mills, which was surrendered by Theyer Townsend in favour of William Loveday, the occupant, in 1792.
		In 1739 it remained a copyhold, held by Mary Packer, widow, with reversion to her son John.
	www.british-history.ac.uk /report.asp?compid=19043 (8005 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The Court Baron administered a law consisting of the customs of the particular manor and regulated the tenure (including the transfer of land) and various aspects of the life of tenants within the manor.
		After that time their functions were gradually eroded and their authority declined up until the abolition of copyhold tenure in 1922 which left little effective manorial jurisdiction.
		It is clear that land transactions were the most enduring business in most courts and where copyhold tenure continued a court had to continue to administer it.
	www.bedfordshire.gov.uk /BedsCC/SDcountyrec.nsf/256f47702b52e67c80256b76003ddadc/bb6d8e8c4ed1061380256e77004c1963?OpenDocument (819 words)

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