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Topic: Copyright Act of 1790

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	Copyright Act of 1790 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Copyright Act of 1790 was the first Federal copyright act to be instituted in the United States, though most of the states had passed various legislation securing copyrights in the years immediately following the Revolutionary War.
		This act applied exclusively to citizens of the United States.
		Non-citizens and material printed outside the United States could not be granted any copyright protection until the International Copyright Act of 1891.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Copyright_Act_of_1790 (104 words)

	Indian Removal Act - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Indian Removal Act
		US federal act signed by President Andrew Jackson on 28 May 1830 empowering him to offer land in Indian Territory to all American Indians situated east of the Mississippi River, in exchange for their lands there.
		The western expansion of settlers in the eastern and southern US states in the last decades of the 18th century and the first decades of the 19th brought the settlers into increasing conflict with American Indians living there.
		The Indian Removal Act was passed because it was felt that ‘no state could achieve proper culture, civilization, and progress, as long as Indians remained within its boundaries.’ Today 90% of all American Indians live west of the Mississippi.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Indian+Removal+Act (290 words)

	[No title]
		Copyright Act of 1783, ¶ 3; R.I. Copyright Act of 1783, ¶ 2; Va. Copyright Act of 1785, § 1.
		S.C. Copyright Act of 1784, ¶ 1; Va. Copyright Act of 1785, § 1; N.Y. Copyright Act of 1786, ¶ 1.
		Copyright Act of 1783, ¶ 4; N.H. Copyright Act of 1783, ¶ 2; R.I. Copyright Act of 1783, ¶ 3.
	supreme.lp.findlaw.com /supreme_court/briefs/01-618/01-618.mer.usa.html (12587 words)

	History of Copyright - A Chronology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		This Act grants copyright for 42 years from the date of publication, or the life of the author plus 7 years, whichever is the greater.
		The Berlin Act of 1908 extends the duration of copyright to the life of the author plus 50 years, takes account of new technologies, and declares that formal registration is unnecessary in order to hold a copyright.
		Copyright duration is extended: it is granted for the life of the holder plus fifty years after his death.
	www.musicjournal.org /01copyright.html (2283 words)

	Tutorials - Guardster.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Copyright Law in the U.S. In 1672 Massachusetts introduced the first copyright law in what was to become the United States of America when it prohibited the making of reprints without the consent of the owner of the copy.
		The language in the United States Copyright Clause was almost surely taken from the title of the Statute of Anne of 1710; the American Copyright Act of 1790 is a copy of the English Act; and the United States Supreme Court in its first copyright case, Wheaton v.
		For example, under current provisions of the Canadian Copyright Act, a public or educational library is required to assure itself that a patron is engaged in bona fide 'research and private study' before making photocopies available to him or her and to thereby obtain a 'fair dealing' exception to copyright infringement.
	www.guardster.com /tutorial_copyrightlaw.html (5638 words)

	Copyright Confusion? By Neil Wilkinson
		Spelled out in the Copyright Act, "fair use" is intended to "strike a balance between the needs of a public to be well-informed and the rights of copyright owners to profit from their creativity.
		The problem for the copyright owner is that an infringement may not create significant losses to the copyright owner nor significant profits to the infringer to warrant the costs of a lawsuit.
		Proving that the infringer acted willfully or knew his actions were violations of law and continued after so learning may result in a court raising the damages to as high as $150,000.00 per infringed work.
	www.writersweekly.com /this_weeks_article/001729_06232004.html (2745 words)

	U.S. Copyright Office: Intellectual Property Restoration Act
		The ability of copyright owners to protect their property and to obtain complete relief when their rights are violated is central to the balance of interests in the Copyright Act.
		By denying that opportunity to copyright owners in cases where the infringers are under the umbrella of a State's sovereign immunity, the Supreme Court's decisions dilute the incentive for authors, performers, and producers to create.
		And because he is acting outside the scope of his official duties, he is no longer protected by the State's sovereign immunity and the court may enjoin him from that activity.
	www.copyright.gov /docs/regstat061703.html (3772 words)

	Copyright Timeline (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The 1662 act lapsed in 1695 leading to a relaxation of government censorship, and in 1710 Parliament enacted the Statute of Anne to address the concerns of English booksellers and printers.
		The 1710 act established the principles of authors' ownership of copyright and a fixed term of protection of copyrighted works (fourteen years, and renewable for fourteen more if the author was alive upon expiration).
		The 1976 act preempted all previous copyright law and extended the term of protection to life of the author plus 50 years (works for hire were protected for 75 years).
	arl.cni.org /info/frn/copy/timeline.html (5501 words)

	Patry: The First Copyright Act
		The most unsatisfactory effects of the 1790 Act were felt, though, by American authors, whose works were routinely thrown into the public domain for failure to comply with the Act’s many formalities, adopted from the Statute of Anne.
		On January 7, 1790, at the beginning of the second session of the first Congress, a report on the private copyright bills was made to the House.
		The fifth bill, “An Act for the purchase of the copyright of a work published by Thomas H. Sumner, wherein he describes his new method of ascertaining a ship’s position at sea” was signed into law on August 2, 1854, 33d Cong., 1st Sess., 10 Stat.
	digital-law-online.info /patry/patry5.html (5007 words)

	curlio.com: Supreme Court supports the Copyright Extention Act (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The Copyright Term Extension Act (CTEA), also known as the Mickey Mouse bill, is an act of Congress that extended all current and future copyrights an additional 20 years, to a total of 95 years for corporate work, and life of the artist plus 70 years for individual work.
		The Supreme Court argued that since the first copyright act of 1790 was to cover existing work as well as future works (for 14 years, renewable once), it was in the spirit of the original law to allow congress to extend copyrights as it saw fit.
		The Copyright Act of 1976 was modeled after the Berne Convention of 1971, which finally created one common copyright law for all European countries, and the CTEA of 1998 was modeled after the updates to the European copyrights in 1992.
	www.curlio.com /new_showarticle.php?id=3305 (1002 words)

	Online Forum on Intellectual Property in the Information Society : Weblog
		Copyright law gives authors the choice of how to structure their relationships with consumers – whether to reserve their rights against all uses, charge for some or all uses of content, or make their works available free of charge with or without restrictions upon future use.
		Copyright on books has a similar effect, most modern authors are only producing a books a decade compared to 100 years ago when many authors produce a few books a month.
		Copyright is a privilege extended to authors in recognition of their contribution to knowledge.
	www.wipo.int /roller/comments/ipisforum/Weblog/theme_four_what_is_the (7546 words)

	Save Orphan Works
		We've explained exactly what the copyright office is asking for, how and where to submit your email, and provided some examples of stories we've heard from others about how their creativity has been stalled when they've tried to use orphan works.
		The Copyright Office seeks to examine the issues raised by "orphan works," that is, copyrighted works whose owners are difficult or even impossible to locate.
		The Copyright Office requests written comments from all interested parties on whether there are compelling concerns raised by orphan works that merit a legislative, regulatory, or other solution, and if so, what type of solution could effectively address these concerns without conflicting with the legitimate interests of authors and right holders.
	www.eldred.cc (1351 words)

	The Copyright Law and Litigation Resource
		The current copyright owner thinks so, but others disagree.
		Supreme Court limits dilution under the Lanham Act in Moseley v.
		Is the current dilemma of copyright a matter of greed on both sides of the issue?
	kasunic.com (1487 words)

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