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	United States copyright law - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Copyrights currently last for seventy years after the death of an author, or seventy-five to ninety-five years in the case of works of corporate authorship and works first published before January 1, 1978.
		Another author is free to describe the same process in his own words without violating copyright law (though he might not be able to use the process if it is patented; the articles on Fractal transform and LZW are examples of this situation).
		Copyright protection under this title is not available for any work of the United States Government, but the United States Government is not precluded from receiving and holding copyrights transferred to it by assignment, bequest, or otherwise.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/United_States_copyright_law (1326 words)

	Copyright Basics FAQ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		To qualify for copyright protection, a work must be "fixed in a tangible medium of expression." This means that the work must exist in some physical form for at least some period of time, no matter how brief.
		Copyright shelters only fixed, original, and creative expression, not the ideas or facts upon which the expression is based.
		In the complicated scheme of copyright laws, which law applies to a particular work depends on when that work is published.
	www.nolo.com /encyclopedia/articles/tc/PCT13.HTML (863 words)

	Getting Permission to Publish: Ten Tips for Webmasters (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Reproducing someone's copyrighted work or trademark without their permission is known as infringement, and it leaves you vulnerable to lawsuits from the copyright or trademark owner.
		If the webmaster is confident that the copyright owner has consented to the use, particularly if the copyright owner is a friend or relative, the concern over a lawsuit diminishes, as does the need for a formal written permission agreement.
		Copyright issues on the Web are constantly evolving, and the fees for permissions (often called "licensing fees") are often arbitrary.
	www.nolo.com /encyclopedia/articles/ilaw/pub_permission.html (1866 words)

	LII: Law about...Copyright (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The U.S. Copyright Act, 17 U.S.C. §§ 101 - 810, is Federal legislation enacted by Congress under its Constitutional grant of authority to protect the writings of authors.
		Given the scope of the Federal legislation and its provision precluding inconsistent state law, the field is almost exclusively a Federal one.
		Under current law, works are covered whether or not a copyright notice is attached and whether or not the work is registered.
	www.law.cornell.edu /topics/copyright.html (325 words)

	lawgirl's copyright basics
		Before the Copyright Act was amended in 1978, copyright was general secured by the act of publishing a work with notice of the copyright.
		Since the notice requirement is no longer mandatory, publication is no longer as significant in copyright law, but publication is still relevant in a few respects, such as effecting the deposit requirement for registration and effecting the date that copyright duration is calculated.
		The P in a circle is the copyright notice for phonorecords of sounds recordings (i.e., the recording itself as opposed to the underlying composition).
	www.lawgirl.com /copyright.shtml (1640 words)

	Circular 1 - Copyright Basics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Copyright in each separate contribution to a periodical or other collective work is distinct from copyright in the collective work as a whole and vests initially with the author of the contribution.
		Copyright is a personal property right, and it is subject to the various state laws and regulations that govern the ownership, inheritance, or transfer of personal property as well as terms of contracts or conduct of business.
		Under the previous law, the copyright in a work reverted to the author, if living, or if the author was not living, to other specified beneficiaries, provided a renewal claim was registered in the 28th year of the original term.
	palimpsest.stanford.edu /bytopic/intprop/circ1.html (6176 words)

	10 Big Myths about copyright explained (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Copyright is not lost because you don't defend it; that's a concept from trademark law.
		Copyright law is mostly civil law where the special rights of criminal defendants you hear so much about don't apply.
		Copyright law was recently amended by the Digital Millennium Copyright Act which changed net copyright in many ways.
	www.templetons.com /brad/copymyths.html (3030 words)

	A brief intro to copyright
		Copyright law secures for the creator of a creative effort the exclusive right to control who can make copies, or make works derived from the original work.
		The law requires that it exist in some tangible form -- it can't just be in your head or sailing through the ether, it has to be on disk, paper, carved in stone (sculpture) or the like.
		There is a complex doctrine associated with copyright law which allows certain types of copying without permission in areas where it is felt that some more important social principles would be violated otherwise.
	www.templetons.com /brad/copyright.html (1074 words)

	Copyright Law Information & Articles
		Copyright is a form of protection provided by the laws of the United States to the authors of “original works of authorship,” including literary, dramatic, musical, artistic, and certain other intellectual works.
		Copyright myths travel at light speed and replicate their plausible, but flawed logic at the touch of a computer key.
		The Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act, signed into law on October 27, 1998, amends the copyright laws by generally extending the duration of copyright protection for an additional 20 years.
	www.keytlaw.com /Copyrights/copyrightlaw.htm (450 words)

	Copyright Timeline (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Because American copyright law applied only to American publications, European authors were unable to profit from the publication and sale of their works at extemely low prices during the nineteenth century.
		The 1976 act preempted all previous copyright law and extended the term of protection to life of the author plus 50 years (works for hire were protected for 75 years).
		Provisions in the URAA amended U.S. copyright law.
	arl.cni.org /info/frn/copy/timeline.html (5501 words)

	Copyright Law What Is Copyright Law?
		Copyright protection is available to protect physical embodiment of certain creative or artistic works.
		Copyright attaches upon fixation of the creative work by the author in a "tangible medium of expression," from which the work can be perceived, reproduced, or otherwise communicated, directly or indirectly, or with the aid of a machine or device.
		Copyright protections does not extend to ideas, procedures,processes, systems, methods of operation, concepts, principles,discoveries, regardless of the form in which they may be described, explained, illustrated, or embodied.
	www.weblawresources.com /Copyright/copyright-what-is.htm (470 words)

	RensSearch: Highlights of U.S. Copyright Law (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Below are sections of the Copyright Act of 1976 (USC Title 17) and the 1998 DIGITAL MILLENNIUM COPYRIGHT ACT summarizing the rights of copyright holders; the factors determining the "fair use" of protected works for educational purposes; and the potential liability of faculty and graduate students relating to infringing activity.
		Notwithstanding the provisions of [the previous section]..., the fair use of copyrighted work, including such use by reproduction in copies or phonorecords or by any other means specified by that section, for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching (including multiple copies for classroom use), scholarship, or research is not an infringement of copyright.
		The parties agree that the conditions determining the extent of permissible copying for educational purposes may change in the future; that certain types of copying permitted under these guidelines may not be permissible in the future; and conversely that in the future other types of copying may be permissible under revised guidelines.
	www.lib.rpi.edu /services/policies/lawhighlights.html (1361 words)

	Copyright law at freeadvice.com, with attorneys - lawyers who help in copyright law cases.
		Copyright protection affords the author of a copyrighted work with specific rights that the author can give or sell to others or keep for him/herself.
		The concept of copyright protection in the United States is set forth in the original U.S. Constitution which allows Congress to pass laws that promote and encourage the progress of the useful arts.
		Such older works are generally governed by the copyright laws in effect at the time of their creation.
	freeadvice.com /law/570us.htm (423 words)

	Copyright Law
		It is a violation of copyright law to use all or any part of A's document, either verbatim or with trivial changes, in a document written by B, except as described in the section on fair use.
		Finally, this essay emphasizes the law in the U.S.A. However, copyright law in many other countries differs in details from the law in the U.S.A. Therefore, copying that is legal in the U.S.A. might be a violation of the author's rights in another country, something of concern given the international nature of the Internet.
		Copyright law in the USA seems to have been written by lobbyists for publishers and motion picture studios, in that legal protection for rights of authors is markedly less than in France or Germany, or even in the Berne Convention.
	www.rbs2.com /copyr.htm (3368 words)

	EFF: DMCA Archive (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Amicus brief [PDF 167k] filed by law professors on behalf of Static Controls, opposing a preliminary injunction in the Lexmark DMCA case.
		EFF action alert regarding Copyright Office request for comments from the public, on the topic of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) and its anti-circumvention provisions.
		EFF's expressed opposition to the anti-circumvention regulations of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act which seems to be a backdoor attempt to outlaw encryption research and hence encryption.
	www.eff.org /IP/DMCA (1245 words)

	COPYRIGHT RESOURCES ONLINE
		The Queen's University Copyright Policy was prepared for the university by the Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada and the Canadian Association of Research Libraries.
		CANCOPY, the Canadian copyright licensing agency, acts on behalf of writers and publishers to grant permission to copy, either on an individual basis with a one-time transactional license, or with comprehensive licenses for high-volume users, such as schools, universities, and governments.
		This is the place to find more radical interpretations of copyright law and practice, such as articles on 'is copyright dead'.
	www.library.yale.edu /~okerson/copyproj.html (3740 words)

	Australian Copyright Council's Online Information Centre — Australian Copyright Council (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Australian Copyright Council is assisted by the Commonwealth Government through the Australia Council, its arts funding and advisory body.
		Copyright in Australia: get some copyright basics (there is no copyright registration in Australia), see our information sheets (they answer many FAQs about Copyright Laws and legislation).
		Copyright problems: information on this site covers a large range of copyright issues including how to protect your copyright, assigning and licensing rights, and copyright infringement.
	www.copyright.org.au (289 words)

	Copyright & Distance Learning
		As noted earlier, copyright attaches to a work the instant it becomes "fixed in a tangible medium." A work meets this requirement when it is recorded in some manner, e.g., written down, digitized, or recorded on videotape, so that it can be seen or reproduced for more than a short, transitory time.
		The duration of a copyright varies greatly depending on the year in which it was created or published because the law has been amended several times, most recently in October 1998.
		In the absence of obtaining permission from the copyright owner, the author(s) may be able to argue that the piece falls within the fair use exception.
	www.uncg.edu /cha/UNIVERSITY_COUNSEL/FAQ/distlrn.html (4550 words)

	Copyright Law in the United States (BitLaw)
		Copyright law in the U.S. is governed by federal statute, namely the Copyright Act of 1976.
		Copyrights can be registered in the Copyright Office in the Library of Congress, but newly created works do not need to be registered.
		In fact, it is no longer necessary to even place a copyright notice on a work for it to be protected by copyright law.
	www.bitlaw.com /copyright (190 words)

	McGraw-Hill Ryerson - Canadian Copyright Law (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Now, the explosion of the Internet and other digital media is making copyright one of the most discussed issues of the new millennium.
		In this third edition of Canadian Copyright Law, Harris brings you the latest updates according to new Canadian legislation and international agreements.
		Whether you are a creator or user of copyright material, Canadian Copyright Law will keep you current on copyright law in Canada and its applications to your situation - to protect your creations, content and products in these rapidly changing markets.
	www.mcgrawhill.ca /companion/copyrightlaw (347 words)

	LEX 7136 Copyright Law (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Dimension Films, the Court of Appeals for the 6th Circuit adopted a new rule for copyright infringement cases involving digital sampling: It is immaterial that defendant sampled a de minimis portion of plaintiff's work or that the use of the sample is unrecognizable.
		The sound recording copyright holder cannot exact a license fee greater than what it would cost the person seeking the license to just duplicate the sample in the course of making the new recording.
		For the sound recording copyright holder, it is not the “song” but the sounds that are fixed in the medium of his choice.
	www.law.wayne.edu /litman/classes/copyright/copyright.htm (814 words)

	THE UT SYSTEM CRASH COURSE IN COPYRIGHT
		Copyright in the digital library: Welcome to the center of the digital revolution.
		Copyright management: Nobody knows what this is about.
		The Crash Course Tutorial is available for faculty to use to learn Copyright basics, especially in the distance learning context.
	www.utsystem.edu /ogc/intellectualproperty/cprtindx.htm (151 words)

	Copyright on the Internet
		Copyright gives authors, artists and others the right to exclude others from using their works.
		For several years, copyright notice has not been required in the U.S. Until then, however, that was not true; notice may be needed to rebut lingering notions that works published without notice can be used by others without restriction.
		Copyright law precludes most uses of others' works without explicit or implied permission.
	www.fplc.edu /tfield/copynet.htm (2070 words)

	Copyright Law Library
		Material not protected by copyright (or otherwise protected) is available for use by anyone, without the author's consent.
		On the other hand, an author of a copyrighted work may prevent others from copying, performing or otherwise using the work without the author's consent.
		The Copyright Law Library provides all the resources you need to understand various types of copyrights and the implications of not getting one.
	www.legalzoom.com /law_library/copyrights/introduction.html (212 words)

	The Jassin Office - Publishing Law, Entertainment Contracts, Trademark Registration, Branding, and Copyright Law
		Under federal copyright law, only the copyright owner or someone acting with the owner's authority, such as a publisher, can grant that permission...
		However, the copyright owner does not always have the authority to grant you permission.For permission to quote from a book, you must contact the publisher’s rights department.
		Because the law is not static, and one situation may differ from the next, we cannot assume responsibility for any actions taken based on information contained herein.
	www.copylaw.com (268 words)

	Copyright Law
		Copyright Office The U.S. Copyright Office of the Library of Congress.
		Copyright Website The Copyright Website "endeavors to provide real world, practical and relevant copyright information of interest to infonauts, netsurfers, webspinners, content providers, musicians, appropriationists, activists, infringers, outlaws, and law abiding citizens."
		Fair Use The Fair Use site offers links concerning fair use and copyright (such as statutes, federal opinions, regulations, and treaty texts) and to current legislation, legal cases, and issues.
	www.legalethics.com /pa/practice/copyr.htm (146 words)

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