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Topic: Copyright protection

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Digital Millennium Copyright Act

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	Copyright Office Basics
		Copyright is a form of protection provided by the laws of the United States (title 17, U. Code) to the authors of “original works of authorship,” including literary, dramatic, musical, artistic, and certain other intellectual works.
		Copyright in each separate contribution to a periodical or other collective work is distinct from copyright in the collective work as a whole and vests initially with the author of the contribution.
		Copyright is a personal property right, and it is subject to the various state laws and regulations that govern the ownership, inheritance, or transfer of personal property as well as terms of contracts or conduct of business.
	www.copyright.gov /circs/circ1.html (6993 words)

	Cybertheft: Will Copyright Law Prevent Digital Tyranny on the Superhighway
		In enacting the Copyright Act of 1976, Congress acknowledged that the "history of copyright law has been one of gradual expansion in the types of works accorded protection." The intent of Congress to ensure that copyright law remains flexible and adaptable to new technology is without doubt.
		Copyright protection arises automatically "in original works of authorship fixed in any tangible medium of expression, now known or later developed, from which they can be perceived, reproduced, or otherwise communicated, either directly or with the aid of a machine or device."
		Because the originality requirement of copyright is derived from the copyright clause in the Constitution, Congress might not have the authority to enact statutory protection.
	www.myersbigel.com /copyright_articles/internet1.htm (5586 words)

	Copyright Basics
		Copyright is a form of protection given to the authors or creators of "original works of authorship," including literary, dramatic, musical, artistic and other intellectual works.
		Copyright protects "original works of authorship" that are Fixed in "a tangible form of expression." The fixed form does not have to be directly perceptible so long as it can be communicated with the aid of a machine or other device.
		Copyright exists immediately and automatically when the work is created, that is, when it is fixed in a tangible copy for the first time.
	www.copyrightkids.org /copyrightbasics.html (2281 words)

	lawgirl's copyright basics
		For instance, if you sing a song in the shower the song does not garner copyright protection at this time, because it is not being fixed in a tangible media, but if you sing it into a tape recorder it is fixed in a tangible media and so copyright protection would attach.
		The P in a circle is the copyright notice for phonorecords of sounds recordings (i.e., the recording itself as opposed to the underlying composition).
		The term of protection is calculated the same way as under the current law, i.e., life of the author plus seventy years (or the 95/120 year terms for works for hire, anonymous and pseudonymous works).
	www.lawgirl.com /copyright.shtml (1640 words)

	Guide to Protection of Computer Software: Copyrights
		Indeed, prior to the Copyright Act of 1976, court decisions and the opinions of the leading writers in the field were widely split on the question of whether computer programs were entitled to copyright protection and, if so, to what extent protection was to be given.
		Copyright infringement was also found in the unauthorized writing of a computer program to implement a scheme embodied in a copyrighted literary work that had previously been operated manually.
		Copyright is a form of property, and the usual rule is that the interests of the parties in property are determined by the law of the state with "the most significant relationship" to the property and the parties.
	www.ladas.com /Patents/Computer/Copyright.USA.html (9325 words)

	Database Legal Protection (BitLaw)
		Under the Copyright Act, a compilation is defined as a "collection and assembling of preexisting materials or of data that are selected in such a way that the resulting work as a whole constitutes an original work of authorship." 17.
		As a result, compilation copyrights cannot be used to extend copyright protection to ideas or facts that are otherwise unprotectable (it is a basic premise of copyright law that there is no copyright protection for ideas and basic facts, as is explained in the BitLaw section on unprotected works).
		This copyright protection extends only to the compilation itself, which means that some of the data can be extracted from a protected database without violating the copyright in the database.
	www.bitlaw.com /copyright/database.html (2201 words)

	Copyright Term Extension Act - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Before the act (under the Copyright Act of 1976), copyright would last for the life of the author plus 50 years, or 75 years for a work of corporate authorship; the act extended these terms to life of the author plus 70 years and 95 years respectively.
		Under the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, the signatory states are required to provide copyright protection for a minimum term of the life of the author plus fifty years, but they are permitted to provide for a longer term of protection.
		Prior to the 1976 copyright act, many copyrighted literary works, movies and fictional characters were soon to pass into the public domain due to their 56 year maximum copyright terms.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sonny_Bono_Copyright_Term_Extension_Act (1815 words)

	Copyright Law & Graduate Research [Preface] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Copyright does not apply to everything-it applies only to "original works of authorship" that are "fixed in any tangible medium of expression." Courts give a broad reading to these concepts.
		Copyright law leaves plenty of room for confusion, but a handful of general principles can address most situations that you are likely to encounter in your dissertation and future research program.
		Copyrights may be assigned by a written instrument that is signed by the copyright owner.
	www.umi.com /umi/dissertations/copyright/Part3.html (5666 words)

	General information on copyright (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Many creative works protected by copyright require mass distribution, communication and financial investment for their dissemination (for example, publications, sound recordings and films); hence, creators often sell the rights to their works to individuals or companies best able to market the works in return for payment.
		Copyright protection also includes moral rights, which involve the right to claim authorship of a work, and the right to oppose changes to it that could harm the creator's reputation.
		Copyright protection extends only to expressions, and not to ideas, procedures, methods of operation or mathematical concepts as such.
	www.wipo.int /about-ip/en/about_copyright.html (814 words)

	Copyright Protection — The 4 reasons you need it.
		Copyright protection arises automatically the moment the author fixes the work in a tangible form (i.e.
		Copyright registration establishes a public record of your copyright and puts everyone in the world on notice that you have sought and claim copyright protection under the US Copyright laws.
		If you’re serious about protecting your work, obtaining copyright protection under the US copyright laws is a smart and necessary step to take.
	www.clickandcopyright.com /what_copyright_protection_do_i_get.asp (290 words)

	Copyright Law
		Copyright law in the U.S. is based on the Copyright Act of 1976, a federal statute that went into effect on January 1, 1978.
		Copyright protection arises automatically when an original work of authorship is fixed in a tangible medium of expression.
		The copyright term for "works made for hire" is 95 years from the date of first "publication" (distribution of copies to the general public) or 120 years from the date of creation, whichever expires first.
	library.findlaw.com /1999/Jan/1/241476.html (1597 words)

	Stanford Copyright & Fair Use - Copyright Basics FAQ
		To qualify for copyright protection, a work must be "fixed in a tangible medium of expression." This means that the work must exist in some physical form for at least some period of time, no matter how brief.
		Finally, to receive copyright protection, a work must be the result of at least some creative effort on the part of its author.
		For example, copyright may protect a particular song, novel or computer game about a romance in space, but it cannot protect the underlying idea of having a love affair among the stars.
	fairuse.stanford.edu /Copyright_and_Fair_Use_Overview/chapter0/0-a.html (919 words)

	10 Big Myths about copyright explained (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		However, it must be remembered that copyright has two main purposes, namely the protection of the author's right to obtain commercial benefit from valuable work, and more recently the protection of the author's general right to control how a work is used.
		Copyright is not lost because you don't defend it; that's a concept from trademark law.
		Copyright law was recently amended by the Digital Millennium Copyright Act which changed net copyright in many ways.
	www.templetons.com /brad/copymyths.html (2988 words)

	[No title]
		Legal copyright protection vests immediately and automatically upon the creation of an "original work of authorship" that is "fixed in any tangible medium of expression." An "original work" needs to have a minimal amount of creativity.
		The Copyright Management Center recommends that you include the statutory and conventional copyright notice, consisting of three elements: the word "copyright" or the copyright symbol, the year, and the name of the copyright owner.
		Copyright allows protection of your original expression, and it also allows you to protect the integrity of your work and possibly your credit for having produced it.
	www.copyright.iupui.edu /youright.htm (1795 words)

	Stanford Copyright & Fair Use - Copyright Protection: What It Is, How It Works
		Copyright protection rules are fairly similar worldwide, due to several international copyright treaties, the most important of which is the Berne Convention.
		This protection must last for at least the life of the author plus 50 years, and must be automatic without the need for the author to take any legal steps to preserve the copyright.
		When a work becomes available for use without permission from a copyright owner, it is said to be "in the public domain." Most works enter the public domain because their copyrights have expired.
	fairuse.stanford.edu /Copyright_and_Fair_Use_Overview/chapter0/0-b.html (1424 words)

	Copyright Protection :: International Legal Protection for Software
		The exclusive rights of a copyright holder that are recognized and protected by most copyright laws are the rights to reproduce or copy, adapt (i.e., prepare derivative works), distribute and publicly perform the work.
		In those countries where moral rights are protected, such rights may restrict the transferee of the software (such as the party who commissioned the work) from making changes to the software without the express consent of the original author.
		The UCC provides that any member country that requires, as a condition of copyright protection, compliance with formalities (such as registration, deposit or notice) must treat such formalities as satisfied if all published copies of a work bear the symbol “©,” the name of the copyright proprietor and the year of first publication.
	www.softwareprotection.com /copyright.htm (1655 words)

	Copyright Website
		An original expression is eligible for copyright protection as soon as it is fixed in a tangible form.
		Although the Copyright Act affords you protection just for creating your work and reducing it to a tangible form, in many cases it is desirable to officially register your works with the U.S. Copyright Office.
		Copyright protection attaches immediately and automatically upon fixation (reduction to a tangible form) of the work in question.
	www.benedict.com (695 words)

	Obtaining Copyright Protection (BitLaw)
		Under the current U.S. Copyright Act, copyright protection exists in "original works of authorship fixed in a tangible medium of expression." The ease in which copyright rights are secured under this definition has led to copyrights becoming the most widely available form of intellectual property protection.
		The Copyright Act uses the phrase "works of authorship" to describe the types of works that are protected by copyright law.
		For example, the song in the previous example is protected by copyright at the moment it is written to paper, or recorded on a cassette tape.
	www.bitlaw.com /copyright/obtaining.html (1042 words)

	International Legal Protection for Software :: Introduction
		Since the extent of copyright protection for a software work also depends on mutual membership in an international convention or a bilateral agreement, the chart identifies convention memberships.
		Not all national laws or convention memberships provide retroactive protection for previously published or unpublished software, so the effective date of the law and the membership can be critical in determining whether a particular work is protected.
		Although the availability of legal protection for software has increased rapidly around the world over the past fifteen years, the scope and the feasibility of enforcement of that protection continues to vary significantly by country.
	www.softwareprotection.com (483 words)

	Copyright Protection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		It is supported by a bar-coded identification process, secure storage and optional legal insurance to pay costs in the event of any challenge.
		They may not be able to patent the idea - you must first think of a method to exploit it, and be prepared to publish it - but they can proceed to exploit it from a position of confidence in its authenticity and ownership.
		It will be quite impossible for someone to prove possession at an earlier date; even if they use the Copyright Protection system to try to do so, a falsified date would be immediately apparent in any court of law.
	www.copyrightprotection.com /intellectual-property.htm (271 words)

	Copyright Intellectual Property Form Protection Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		leading expert provider of a patented, low cost, effective copyright registration system which helps to protect the intellectual property, inventions and new ideas of both corporate firms and individuals, and this can be done immediately.
		Simply fill out our patented First Protection Envelope (FPE) with your details and mail it today to ensure that your original work is immediately safeguarded.
		Envelopes cost only £65 inc. VAT each, making this Copyright Protection Registration System the most effective and affordable way to immediately Copyright your ideas and original work.
	www.copyrightprotection.com (187 words)

	Copyright - Get federal copyright protection with LegalZoom.com
		If your work is not protected by a copyright, it can be copied and used by anyone, without your consent.
		If you are the creator of an original literary, musical or artistic work, such as a book, song or photograph, LegalZoom can help you quickly and efficiently register it for federal copyright protection.
		After we receive a copy of the work you want to copyright, we will file your completed application with the U.S. Copyright Office.
	www.legalzoom.com /legalzip/copyrights/copy_procedure.html (253 words)

	copyright UK united kingdom canada USA on music text blog scriptwriting website poetry copywright
		Nothing to pay in the futur to maintain your copyright active
		All visitors of your copyright web page will be monitored
		use of our copyright and related documents done in court by the past.
	www.copyrightdeposit.com (127 words)

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