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	III. Syndesmology. 6b. Acromioclavicular Articulation. Gray, Henry. 1918. Anatomy of the Human Body.
		It is attached, below, to the upper surface of the coracoid process; above, to the oblique ridge on the under surface of the clavicle.
		This ligament, together with the coracoid process and the acromion, forms a vault for the protection of the head of the humerus.
		It is a thin and flat fasciculus, narrower at the middle than at the extremities, attached by one end to the base of the coracoid process, and by the other to the medial end of the scapular notch.
	www.bartleby.com /107/82.html (917 words)

	eMedicine - Fractures, Scapular : Article by Joseph C Schmidt
		Finally, coracoid process fractures may result from either a direct blow to the superior aspect of the shoulder or a forceful muscular contraction that causes an avulsion fracture.
		A coracoid process fracture is the result of a direct blow to the superior point of the shoulder or humeral head in an anterior shoulder dislocation.
		Coracoid fracture: Coracoid fractures respond well to conservative therapy with sling immobilization, ice, analgesics, and early mobilization.
	www.emedicine.com /emerg/topic205.htm (2613 words)

	Scapula - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This notch is converted into a foramen by the superior transverse ligament, and serves for the passage of the suprascapular nerve; sometimes the ligament is ossified.
		The coracoid process is a thick curved process attached by a broad base to the upper part of the neck of the scapula; it runs at first upward and medialward; then, becoming smaller, it changes its direction, and projects forward and lateralward.
		On the medial part of the root of the coracoid process is a rough impression for the attachment of the conoid ligament; and running from it obliquely forward and lateralward, on to the upper surface of the horizontal portion, is an elevated ridge for the attachment of the trapezoid ligament.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Scapula (1873 words)

	Coracoid - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In human beings, the coracoid process is a small hook-like structure that comes off the scapula to point forward.
		In birds and reptiles, the coracoid is a separate bone.
		It is otherwise known as the "Surgeon's Lighthouse" because it serves as a landmark to avoid neurovascular damage.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Coracoid (177 words)

	Shoulder
		The coracoid is the anchor for a biceps accompanying muscle (coraco-brachial) and the lesser pectoral (minor) and one part of the biceps.
		The space between the coracoid and acromion is spanned by a tough ligament (nearly like rope) called the coracoid acromial ligament.
		With the hand on the belly button, the arm is rotated inward and the greater tuberosity is well away from the arch of the coracoid, acromion and the spanning coraco-acromial ligament.
	www.pediatric-orthopedics.com /Topics/Bones/Shoulder/shoulder.html (752 words)

	Scapula (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Near the base of the coracoid process, so also on the lateralangle, there is a depression called the glenoid cavity.
		On the medial part of the root of the coracoid process is a rough impression for the attachment ofthe conoid ligament; and running from it obliquely forward and lateralward, on to the upper surface of the horizontal portion, isan elevated ridge for the attachment of the trapezoid ligament.
		At birth, a large part of the scapula is osseous, but the glenoid cavity, the coracoid process, the acromion,the vertebral border, and the inferior angle are cartilaginous.
	www.therfcc.org /scapula-49663.html (2060 words)

	ShoulderDoc.co.uk Shoulder and Elbow Surgery
		Figures 1.13 and 1.14 The anterior portal is made half way between the anterior edge of the acromion and the coracoid process, as shown on the skeleton.
		In no circumstances should any instrument be placed inferior or medial to the coracoid process, as this would jeopardize the brachial plexus and the vascular supply of the whole upper limb.
		The musculocutaneous nerve supplies coracobrachialis and the short head of biceps as it passes through these muscles; it then supplies the rest of biceps and brachialis to emerge in the cubital fossa of the elbow as the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm.
	www.shoulderdoc.co.uk /article.asp?article=693 (785 words)

	Coracoid Information
		In human beings, the coracoid process is a small hook-like structure that comes off the scapula to point forward.
		The coracoclavicular ligament, as the name suggests, attaches the coracoid process and the clavicle together.
		In birds and reptiles, the coracoid is a separate bone.
	www.bookrags.com /wiki/Coracoid (94 words)

	JKMS vol 13, no. 5 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The coracoid process is a part of the scapula and plays an important role in shoulder function.
		The cause of this condition was thought to be a failure of fusion of the ossification centers of the coracoid processes with the scapular bodies.
		Bilateral unfused coracoid processes was identified incidentally in a patient with recurrent dislocation in the left shoulder.
	jkms.kams.or.kr /1998/abstract/563a.html (128 words)

	An anatomic study of the musculocutaneous nerve and its relationship - Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics
		The distance from the coracoid to the point of entrance of the main nerve trunk into the coracobrachialis muscle ranged from 31 to 82 mm, with a mean of 56 mm.
		The frequently cited range of 5-8 cm below the coracoid for the level of penetration cannot be relied on to describe a safe zone because 29% of the nerves entered the muscle proximal to 5 cm below the coracoid (74% if the proximal twigs are counted).
		If coracoid mobilization is necessary, the musculocutaneous nerve and its twigs should be identified and protected, keeping in mind the variations in anatomy and the level of penetration.
	new.wheelessonline.com /ortho/an_anatomic_study_of_the_musculocutaneous_nerve_and_its_relationship (192 words)

	Scapula (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Of the three borders of the scapula, the superior is the shortest and thinnest; it is concave, and extends from the medial angle to the base of the coracoid process.
		The base of the acromion is formed by an extension from the spine; the two separate nuclei of the acromion unite, and then join with the extension from the spine.
		The upper third of the glenoid cavity is ossified from a separate center (subcoracoid), which makes its appearance between the tenth and eleventh years and joins between the sixteenth and the eighteenth.
	scapula.area51.ipupdater.com (2155 words)

	KoreaMed - Basic Search (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The coracoid process is a part of the scapula and plays an important role in shoulder function.
		The cause of this condition was thought to be a failure of fusion of the ossification centers of the coracoid processes with the scapular bodies.
		Bilateral unfused coracoid processes was identified incidentally in a patient with recurrent dislocation in the left shoulder.
	www.koreamed.org /SearchBasic.php?RID=16313&DT=1&QY=%22J+Korean+Med++Sci%22+%5BJTI%5D+AND+1998+%5BDPY%5D+AND+Oct+%5BDPM%5D (128 words)

	Wikinfo \| Scapula (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The scapula is ossified from seven or more centers: one for the body, two for the coracoid process, two for the acromion, one for the vertebral border, and one for the inferior angle.
		At birth, a large part of the scapula is osseous, but the glenoid cavity, the coracoid process, the acromion, the vertebral border, and the inferior angle are cartilaginous.
		From the fifteenth to the eighteenth month after birth, ossification takes place in the middle of the coracoid process, which as a rule becomes joined with the rest of the bone about the fifteenth year.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Scapula (2206 words)

	The Shoulder Joint
		The opening between the tubercles of the humerus is for the passage for the tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii muscle.
		It passes from the lateral side of the base of the coracoid process of the scapula to the anatomical neck of the humerus, adjacent to the greater tubercle.
		The supraspinatus tendon, passing to the greater tubercle of the humerus, is separated from the arch by the subacromial bursa.
	download.videohelp.com /vitualis/med/shldrjnt.htm (1522 words)

	Anatomate (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The trapezoid part is a broad, thin, quadrilateral band passing almost horizontally from the upper coracoid surface to the trapezoid line on the inferior clavicular surface.
		The conoid part is a dense triangular band passing almost vertically from the conoid tubercle of the clavicle to the root of the coracoid process, anterior to the scapular notch.
		Coracohumeral ligament - is a broad thickening of the upper glenohumeral capsule, passing from the lateral border of the root of the coracoid process to the front of the greater tubercle, blending with the supraspinatus tendon
	www.anatomate.net /web/?p=454 (1399 words)

	Coracoid Fracture
		In addition to the anterior dislocation of the humerus, there is irregularity of the coracoid process.
		This shows the fractured portion of the coracoid process as well as the anterior dislocation of the humeral head.
		Goss TP: Fractures of the coracoid process J Bone Joint Surg Br.
	www.gentili.net /fracture.asp?ID=167 (118 words)

	Limbs
		During subsequent evolution, the supracleithrum and cleithrum are reduced and finally lost, leaving the interclavicle and clavicle as dermal bones.
		Fate of the interclavicle, clavicle, coracoid, and scapula:
		Coracoids: substitute for the clavicle in lower tetrapods.
	core.ecu.edu /biol/singhasc/Limbs.htm (526 words)

	Osteopathic Management Case Study Counterstrain Biceps - Pectoralis Minor (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Physical findings include tenderness of the coracoid process, tissue texture abnormality/tenderness of the biceps tendon in the bicipital groove, tension of the biceps tendon at the elbow, tight pectoralis minor muscle with protraction of the shoulder.
		The technique is executed by loading triceps muscle, unloading biceps (flexing the elbow); and protracting the shoulder to shorten pectoralis minor, while monitoring the coracoid process tender point.
		Heinking is a 1994 graduate of the Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine/Midwestern University and is currently Chair of the Department of Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine at Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine/Midwestern University.
	www.acofp.org /member_publications/0704_3.html (309 words)

	Fracture of the coracoid process associated with acromioclavicular joint dislocation - Report of two cases and review ...
		In the literature, it has been infrequently described.2,4,17,18,25 The association of fracture of the coracoid process with acromioclavicular joint dislocation is even more uncommon with only 32 cases reported in the English literature.1,3,5-8,10,12-14,19-24,26 Two additional cases are reported, and the literature is reviewed, with comparison of the treatment methods and the ultimate outcomes.
		The coracoid process was well reduced and was stable, therefore fixation of the coracoid process was not performed (Fig.
		Addition of a coracoid screw to fix coracoid process fracture allows earlier removal of the transacromial fixation wires without redisplacement as shown by case 2.
	hkoa.org /hkjos/2000-2/127_133.htm (1553 words)

	Shoulder & Scapula Text
		sh34) of the coracoid and the acromion (fig.
		The former is relatively thin, while the coracoid, consisting of the coroid and trapezoid ligaments, is thick and tough and is the principal ligamentous attachment of the upper extremity to the torso through the clavicle (fig.
		sh39) coracoid process fracture (base) is usually comminuted, displaced and visible on an AP radiograph of the shoulder.
	www.uth.tmc.edu /radiology/test/er_primer/shoulder/shtxt.html (2300 words)

	MedPix Case: 5944 - GLENOID FRACTURE
		Fractures of the coracoid process relate to a direct injury from a dislocation humeral head, a direct force on the tip of the coracoid itself, or an avulsion owing to traction on the coracoclavicular ligament, the short head of the biceps, or the coracobrachialis.
		Isolated fractures of the coracoid process occur as a result of an avulsion injury or in trapshooters related to repetitive stress from the impact of the recoiling rifle.
		AP radiographs may not demonstrate the coracoid process adequately and must be supplemented with a lateral scapular view or axillary projection or both.
	rad.usuhs.mil /medpix/medpix.html?mode=tf_case&pt_id=5944¬hing= (361 words)

	Baylor Health Care System: Dyspnea, cough, and fever for 7 days in an opiate addict
		Symptoms are presumed to result from impingement of the subscapularis tendon between the coracoid process and the lesser tuberosity (2, 18-20).
		She had pain on palpation of her right SCJ and coracoid process; the pain was aggravated by shoulder movements, especially horizontal adduction with internal rotation (i.e., the coracoid impingement sign).
		Coracoid impingement is characterized by compression of the subscapularis tendon between the coracoid process and the lesser tuberosity of the humerus, resulting in tendinosis and pain in these soft tissues.
	www.baylorhealth.edu /proceedings/14_3/14_3_yel.html (1336 words)

	PART III
		Whether the coracoclavicular syndesmosis represents a trend toward the development of a diarthrodial joint between the coracoid process and the inferior surface of the clavicle or is simply a metamorphosed joint is still not clear.
		The dislocation was associated with fractures of the coracoid and acromion processes, and, as in all such cases, management was a compromise, in an endeavor to secure comfortable immobilization.
		In both avulsion fractures of the coracoid process (cases 7 and 34), healing was not influenced adversely, and conservative treatment produced good results, though ossification of the coracoclavicular ligaments occurred.
	history.amedd.army.mil /booksdocs/wwii/orthoeuropn/chapter17.htm (9266 words)

	Coracohumeral Ligament (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The "coracohumeral ligament" is composed of a broad band of connective tissue that connects the coracoid process of the scapula (shoulder blade) to the greater tubercle of the humerus (upper arm bone).
		Its function is to strengthen the superior portion of the joint capsule.
		The "coracoclavicular ligament" connects the coracoid process to the clavicle (collarbone).
	www.innerbody.com /text/ligm06.html (55 words)

	Involvement of the Anterior Portion of the Subacromial-Subdeltoid Bursa in the Painful Shoulder -- Stallenberg et al. ...
		Coracoid impingement is a cause of anteromedial shoulder pain.
		Transverse sonography scan (C) and CT scan (D) obtained while humerus was extended and internally rotated, at same level and on same cadaver shoulder specimen as A and B, show anterior bulging (fl arrow) and deformation (white arrows) of medial part of bursa (asterisk).
		Coracoid impingement: a case report and review of the literature.
	www.ajronline.org /cgi/content/full/187/4/894 (3948 words)

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