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	Corded Ware culture - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Corded Ware culture, alternatively characterized as the Battle Axe culture or Single Grave culture is an enormous European archaeological horizon that begins in the late Neolithic (stone age), flourished through the copper age and finally culminates in the early bronze age, developing in various areas from ca.
		The prototypal Corded Ware culture, German Schnurkeramikkultur is found in Central Europe, mainly Germany and Poland, and refers to the characteric pottery of the era: wet clay was decoratively incised with cordage, i.e., string.
		The eastern outposts of the Corded Ware culture are the Middle Dnieper culture and on the upper Volga, the Fatyanovo-Balanovo culture.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Corded_Ware_culture (1577 words)

	Pitted Ware culture - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Pitted Ware culture (ca 3200 BC– ca 2300 BC) was a neolithic Hunter-gatherer culture in southern Scandinavia, mainly along the coasts of Svealand, Götaland, Åland, north-eastern Denmark and southern Norway.
		It was first contemporary and overlapping with the agricultural Funnelbeaker culture, and later with the agricultural Corded Ware culture.
		Its connections with the probably pre-Indo-European Funnelbeaker culture and the probably Proto-Indo-European Corded Ware culture are debated.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pitted_Ware_culture (584 words)

	Jan Turek: a bi-ritual communal burial from Slany, Bohemia
		A common location of Corded Ware cemeteries is on the edge of terraces or slopes, mostly orientated to the south-east (Turek 1996).
		Unfortunately, the analysis of Corded Ware burial rites (Turek 1990) did not suggest that this was related to distinctions between sex or age groups, nor did it appear to be related to the presence/absence of grave goods.
		The composition of the Corded Ware funeral assemblages seems to be quite uniform, and also the number of items within the assemblage only rarely exceeds a certain amount (average number of artefacts in graves of adult male is 3.7, in graves of adult female it is 3.4 and in child graves 2.7).
	www.assemblage.group.shef.ac.uk /2/2turek.html (4354 words)

	Corded Ware Culture Sites in North-Eastern Estonia
		Both the topographic position of the Corded Ware Culture settlements and the existence of cereal pollen in sediments indicate agriculture as an important form of their subsistence.
		The only Corded Ware Culture complex omitted from this analyses were the finds from the 1992 and 1996–1997 excavations in the Narva Joaoru Stone and Early Metal Age settlement sites (Jaanits 1994; Nikitjuk 1997a; 1997b), as most of these finds are not deposited in the Narva Museum and have not been adequately published.
		Assuming that Corded Ware Culture was simultaneous — in the Stone Age sense of the expression — in the neighbouring areas, we could say that the Corded Ware Culture in Estonia started a few hundred years before 3000 cal. BC.
	ethesis.helsinki.fi /julkaisut/hum/kultt/vk/kriiska/tekstid/05.html (5614 words)

	The Corded Ware / Single Grave Culture. © The Comparative Archaeology WEB
		The wide-spread Corded Ware culture complex (German: Schnurkeramik) derives its name from the frequent use of decorative cord impressions on the pots.
		Some have argued that the Corded Ware represents another invasion from the eastern steppe region, perhaps indicating the introduction of the Indo-European language group.
		the Single Grave culture variant of the Corded Ware culture is seen as the Middle Neolithic B (MN B), characterized by tumuli (round burial mounds).
	www.comp-archaeology.org /CordedWare.htm (1407 words)

	The Bell Beaker Interaction Sphere. © The Comparative Archaeology WEB
		The purpose of this text is to provide a general overview of the culture and is intended as a resource for students and teachers of European Archaeology.
		In Denmark, the Bell Beakers are thought to follow the Single Grave culture, a variant of the Corded Ware culture, possibly starting in the late “Upper Grave” period of the Middle Neolithic B (MN B).
		The all-over cord (AOC) or all-over ornamented (AOO) [Bell] Beaker was the result of using cords to create the bell shape.
	www.comp-archaeology.org /Bellbeaker.htm (1022 words)

	Muzeum Archeologiczne w Poznaniu - wydawnictwa i publikacje
		Chronologically, the study considers the Neolithic epoch, from the origin of the Danubian Cycle until the decline of the Corded Ware CuIture (Epi-Corded Ware Groups), i.e.
		Distribution of perforated axes of the Corded Ware Culture in Mid-western Poland.
		Distribution of perforated axes of the Epi-Corded Ware Groups from the turn of the Neolitic and the Bronze Age in Mid-western Poland with regard to their raw-material differentiation.
	www.muzarp.poznan.pl /muzeum/muz_pol/bfap_apr5.htm (1667 words)

	Formation and Development of the Stone Age Settlement at Riigiküla, Northeastern Estonia
		The Typical Combed Ware has been made with a mineral addition, mostly stone rubble mixed with clay, and the remains are of quite large, thick-walled, conical, round-bottomed vessels decorated with comb impressions, hollows and pits.
		Late Corded Ware has been found in the same area as the traces of earlier settlement, as a by-product of the investigations at sites I, II and IV at Riigiküla (Table 2).
		It was only at the end of the Neolithic period or the beginning of the Bronze Age that a settlement representing the Late Corded Ware culture and evidently based on a farming economy formed on the ridge bordering on the rivers.
	ethesis.helsinki.fi /julkaisut/hum/kultt/vk/kriiska/tekstid/04.html (3182 words)

	ETHNIC PROCESSES IN LATVIA IN THE EARLY METALS AGE (1500 - 0 BC) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The people who brought corded ware culture tended animals and raised crops, and they were familiar with metals, including bronze.
		This created favorable conditions for the successors to those people who brought corded ware culture to the region, who tended crops and livestock, and who in the course of the ethnic processes created the Baltic ethnos.
		This suggests that after the expansion of the corded ware culture throughout this territory, Baltic ethnic groups were created.
	vip.latnet.lv /hss/graudon.htm (2361 words)

	sciforums.com - >>Proto-Indo-European Religion<<
		The Neolithic cultures of these regions, which during the process of Neolithization were representatives of the Post-Narva, Globular Amphora and Corded Ware cultures, drawing some influence from the Funnel Beaker culture; it is from their cultural environment that specialists have been able to draw conclusions about changes which occurred in that period.
		Neither in the Eastern Baltic nor in the aforementioned Corded Ware culture territory, however, have scientists found any indication that domesticated horses prevailed over other types of household animals, as was the case in the Srednij Stoga settlement from the Aeneolithic period and the Bronze Age, as well as at a cult location at Dereivka.
		The role of the horse in the Fatjanovo Corded Ware culture territory was probably assistance in herding livestock, which suggests that the people from this culture had methods for livestock herding that were typical of forest eco-systems and that were not nomadic or pastoral in nature.31 The role of the livestock herder was particularly important.
	www.sciforums.com /showthread.php?t=8883 (5190 words)

	The Bronze Age Materials from Visėtiškės burial mounds and their Environs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The appearance of the Corded Ware Culture in the East Lithuania and its role in the process of formation of Bronze Age cultures is still controversial question at the present stage of research.
		Therefore, every archaeological site with cord decorated ceramics is of a great value for investigations of the cultural transformations during Neolithic–Bronze Age transition in the East Lithuania.
		Communities with post-corded ware pottery existed in the Eastern Lithuania during the period from decline of the Late Narva Culture to the beginning of Stroked Pottery Culture, i.
	www.istorija.lt /la/arch20-03engBrazaitis.htm (698 words)

	Evidence the Beaker People spoke Indo-European languages: an article by Marc Verhaegen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Later, when the link with a cord got lost, the meaning was generalized and became 'to decorate' or 'to complete' as in Gothic taujan and Dutch (vol)tooien (whence tooi).
		It was from the Kurgan or the Pit Grave culture in this region that about 3000 BC the Corded Ware culture spread over the North European Plain, to southern Scandinavia and to the Baltic region and Russia (Sherrat 1994a and b).
		Possibly the Balto-Slavic and Germanic languages derive from the Corded Ware culture and the Celto-Italic languages from the Bell-beaker culture.
	indoeuro.bizland.com /archive/essay3.html (424 words)

	Fennoscandia archaeologica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The process whereby Sär 1 Ware formed has been described as the kernel of a series of developments that resulted in the emergence of the Sámi.
		The present article is based on the author’s unpublished licentiate thesis in archaeology on the Sär 1 tradition (Torvinen 1999a) at the Department of Archaeology of the Institute for Cultural Research of the University of Helsinki.
		Although the exploitation of seals apparently is less extensive on the younger Pitted Ware sites it is improbable that the appearance of the domesticated animals is only related to an economic sphere.
	rontti.helsinki.fi /sarks/fa/faxvii.html (1054 words)

	The Nordish Gallery - Main
		The ancestral Corded type (named after its association with the Corded Ware culture), with its high vault and long head, was skeletally "nordiform" (approaching a Nordid), or perhaps Mediterranid (of a larger, more robust variety).
		It should be duly noted that the question of Nordid origin is a much debated subject, and the foregoing account (which reflects the views of the SNPA) should not be embraced without criticism: it is merely one of several possible explanations.
		The Corded type seems responsible for the relative high-headedness of the Nordid types, as compared to adjacent Cro-Magnid varieties.
	www.snpa.nordish.net /rg-main.htm (439 words)

	Prehistory — Virtual Finland
		Pottery began to be produced in Finland around 5100 BC, and the oldest style of pottery found here (Combed Ware style I:1) was presumably introduced from the Upper Volga in Russia, where pottery had been produced since around 6000 BC.
		This culture, familiar to us for its battle axes and Corded Ware pottery, primarily occupied the southwest part of Finland and the coastlines.
		The hunting population there retained their own 'Combed Ware' identity, reflected in such artefacts as their own original form of pottery (with a mix of asbestos fibres) and the gradual development of the Sámi language.
	virtual.finland.fi /finfo/english/prehist3.html (375 words)

	SUMMARY
		These cultures were constantly referred to for a contemplation of the origin and the development of various other cultures significant for the transition to the early Bronze Age (Bell Beaker culture, late Corded Ware, Únětice, Nitra a.
		Those graves commonly counted to the late Corded Ware of Moravia show strong affiliations to the graves of the Carpathian regions.
		Traditions common for the Corded Ware are sparsely recognizable.
	members.fortunecity.com /dievo/summary.htm (1949 words)

	Animal Husbandry and Pastoralism in the Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age
		In archaeological terms, these societies are referred to as belonging to the Corded Ware Culture.
		For archaeologists dealing with the transition between the Late Neolithic and the Early Bronze Age, one of its most distinctive characteristics is the wide variety of cultural groups encountered during this period.
		These deposits adhered to a strictly defined canon: one ceremonial pottery vessel (usually a carefully made and richly decorated fine ware beaker) and weapons consisting of archery equipment (of which only the flint arrowheads survive to this day) and a stone axe or flint dagger.
	www.muzarp.poznan.pl /archweb/gazociag/title4.htm (1769 words)

	Nordic sub-subtypes? - Skadi Forum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Aryans were of the very distinct type, known as Aisto(Ancient)-Nordic, Battle-Axe, Corded Ware, Kurgan Folk etc. Unlike Nordics, they were both long and high skulled, their skulles were massive and approximated UP means.
		The Battle-Axe/Corded Ware, Aisto-Nordic type survived only in Eastern Europe, whether in the pure form, or, as UP influenced, as a West-Baltic type (Finland, Baltic States, Poland, Whiterussia, North-Western Russia), where this type is still common or even dominant.
		The Battle-Axe people were only acculturated Corded Ware Nordics, deriving from the "Old European" population.
	forum.skadi.net /showthread.php?t=536 (1420 words)

	Image talk:IE5500BP.png - Wikimedia Commons
		The map does not do justice to either the Andronovo culture or to the Corded Ware culture.
		Corded Ware swallows the whole of the North European plain, from the Netherlands and Rhine well into Russia.
		I agree that the corded ware label should be further north.
	commons.wikimedia.org /?title=Image_talk:IE5500BP.png (332 words)

	Origins of Iron Ore
		Red ware and fl-and-red ware sherds bearing cord impressions on their exterior were found in greater number in the lower levels.
		Red ware dominates the pottery assemblage of this period, while the fl-and-red ware is nominally represented.
		Period II and III are characterised respectively by the presence of Painted Grey Ware (PGW) and NBP ware.
	www.archaeologyonline.net /artifacts/iron-ore.html (2551 words)

	Database (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The research is focused on the origin of copper metallurgy, on the basis of analyses of copper artifacts from the Late and Terminal Eneolithic in Moravia, represented by the Corded Ware Culture, Bell Beaker Culture, Proto-Únìtice Culture, and Chlopice-Veselé Group.
		The analytical basis is stone material of the Corded Ware Culture, Bell Beaker Culture, and Proto-Únìtice Culture in Moravia.
		It is compared with contemporary inventories on territory of Hungary (the Csepel Group, the Early Nagyrév Culture) and Poland (the Chlopice-Veselé Group), and with inventories of the Early Bronze Age both in Moravia and the adjacent territories (e.g.
	www.iabrno.cz /3bd.htm (407 words)

	LINGUIST List 14.934: Historical Linguistics: Carpelan, et al. (2002)
		Of the 7 cultural horizons, the Lyalovo or Pitted Ware was highlighted, as it seems to be the culture that, evolving to Combed Ware 2, expanded to a significantly large area, encompassing Sweden, the Gulf of Bothnia, the White Sea and extending eastward to the Urals.
		Their Pitted Ware influence was felt all the way down south to the forest steppe between the Dnepr and Don.
		The linguistic cultural date of Uralic is considered in the context of Corded Ware (Fat'yanovo) cultural distribution.
	www.ling.ed.ac.uk /linguist/issues/14/14-934.html (5198 words)

	Eastern Europe and Scandinavia, 8000-2000 B.C. \| Timeline of Art History \| The Metropolitan Museum of Art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Although simple in design, the monuments are evidence of well-organized endeavor that must have involved many workers in lifting and transporting the stones.
		Like other Neolithic peoples, the makers of this ware are probably farmers living in year-round settlements.
		They may be newcomers in the Baltic region, where pottery and agriculture are already known but settled communities not yet the norm.
	www.metmuseum.org /toah/ht/02/eue/ht02eue.htm (519 words)

	GermanicOrigins
		This Corded Ware Culture, in turn, shows continuity with the Globular Amphora Culture and even back to Funnel-Beaker Culture.
		If, as seems likely, the Indo-European arrival into northern Europe was a slow trickle rather than a sudden invasion, it occurred over a long period of time.
		One model with considerable evidence to support it is that by the time of Corded Ware Culture the Indo-European presence is showing its influence.
	www.unlv.edu /faculty/jmstitt/Eng480/Germanic/GermanicOrigins/GermanicOrigins.html (514 words)

	Clannada na Gadelica - Gaelic Traditionalist Resource Site
		The cultural complex as a whole is sometimes called the Single Gave Corded Ware culture (Herm, 1976; Chadwick, 1970).
		Embedded inside this tissue was a twisted cord which when traced, appeared to encircle soft tissue of the neck and extend upward between the soft tissue and the bone of the right side of the face.
		It can be shown from the remains that he had received injuries sufficient to fracture the top of the skull, had had a cord tied around his neck, and had his head severed from his body at the second cervical vertebra (Garland, 1995: 104-107).
	www.clannada.org /culture_burial.php (5532 words)

	Origins of the FITZMAURICE Families: Prologue
		The main route followed by the westward migrating group was up the Danube River to the vicinity of the Rhine and then down the Rhine to eastern France.
		The first Indo-Europeans to reach central Europe are called the Corded Ware people because of the distinctive decoration of their pottery.
		After the arrival of the Corded Ware people, the mosaic of small independent cultures underwent a qualitative change.
	www.fitzmaurice.info /pro.html (4782 words)

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