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Topic: Coronal mass ejection

	Coronal Mass Ejections
		A coronal mass ejection and prominence eruption observed in white light from the SMM (Solar Maximum Mission) spacecraft.
		Coronal mass ejections propagate out in the solar wind, where they may encounter the Earth and influence geomagnetic activity.
		The actual coronal mass ejection arrives at the Earth one to four days after the initial eruption, resulting in strong geomagnetic storms, aurorae and electrical power flouts.
	www.windows.ucar.edu /tour/link=/sun/cmes.html&edu=high (496 words)

	Coronal mass ejection - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A coronal mass ejection (CME) is a solar event which involves a burst of plasma consisting primarily of electrons and protons (in addition to small quantities of heavier elements such as helium, oxygen, and iron).
		When these CMEs reach the Earth, they often disrupt the Earth's magnetosphere, compressing it on the dayside and extending the nightside tail.
		CME events, along with solar flares, can disrupt radio transmissions, cause power outages (flouts), and cause damage to satellites and electrical transmission lines.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Coronal_mass_ejection (203 words)

	Coronal mass ejection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Coronal mass ejection events seem to begin with thefdormation of what are called helmet streamers which are otherwise rather stable loops of magnetic fields and plasma from the solar surface which enter the innre coronal regions of the sun.
		In the larger coronal mass ejections, up to 10...kg of coronal material may be ejected outward at speeds as high as 1000 kilometers per second (although average values are closer to 10...kg and 400 km/sec.
		The prominence material is blown outward along with the original streamer material; the bright, filamentary structures often seen in the coronal mass ejection event are, in fact, the remnants of the prominence.
	image.gsfc.nasa.gov /poetry/storm1/cme.html (322 words)

	What is a Coronal Mass Ejection?
		Coronal mass ejections (CME's) are dynamic events in which plasma which was initially contained on closed coronal magnetic field lines is ejected into interplanetary space.
		In practical terms, an improved understanding of mass ejections is also important, since they are known to play a major role in non-recurring storms in the Earth's magnetosphere and ionosphere, which in turn are responsible for enhanced auroral activity, satellite damage and some power station failures.
		Comparisons of coronal images recorded in the Yohkoh Soft X-ray Telescope (SXT) and Mark-III K-Coronameter suggest that the outer portions of most mass ejections may not be detectable in SXT images; however, the trailing material (i.e.
	web.hao.ucar.edu /public/research/svosa/gen/cme_general_info.html (1356 words)

	APOD: 2000 March 9 - Sun Storm: A Coronal Mass Ejection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		coronal mass ejections or CMEs, were discovered by spacecraft in the early 70s this dramatic image is part of a detailed record of this CME's development from the presently operating SOlar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) spacecraft.
		Near the minimum of the solar activity cycle CMEs occur about once a week, but as we approach solar maximum rates of two or more per day are anticipated.
		Though this CME was clearly not headed for Earth, strong CMEs are seen to profoundly influence space weather, and those directed toward our planet and can have serious effects.
	antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov /apod/ap000309.html (193 words)

	The “Solar Flare Myth” Revisited
		CMEs can be massive objects; spanning 120° in solar latitude or longitude, they can involve 10^16 g of gas that is suddenly ejected at speeds up to 2000 km/s with a kinetic energy of >10^32 ergs, all directed outward into interplanetary space.
		The importance of CME shocks in large SEP events is now generally recognized; yet the consequences of the old flare paradigm still linger.
		Hundhausen, A. J., Coronal mass ejections: A summary of SMM observations from 1980 and 1984-1989, in The Many Faces of the Sun, edited by K. Strong, J. Saba and B. Haisch, Springer-Verlag, New York, in press, 1995.
	lheawww.gsfc.nasa.gov /~reames/DARK7.HTML (2556 words)

	Coronal Mass Ejections and "Halo Events" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are gigantic bubbles of electrified gas that billow away from the Sun.
		CMEs, which usually travel at speeds between 500 and 1500 km/s, take 2 or 3 days to cross the 150 million km divide separating the Sun and Earth.
		CMEs aimed at Earth are called "halo events" because of the way they look in coronagraph images.
	www.spaceweather.com /glossary/halocmes.html (157 words)

	Zoom Astronomy Glossary: C
		The center of mass is the location at which the entire mass of an object (or set of objects) may be considered for purposes of calculations.
		The land masses are hunks of Earth's crust that float on the molten core.
		Coronal holes are areas in the coronal where the Sun's magnetic field loops out into space instead of looping back into the Sun, areas of magnetic anomalies (they often occur at the poles).
	www.enchantedlearning.com /subjects/astronomy/glossary/indexc.shtml (5823 words)

	Sun-Earth Connection
		Coronal mass ejections expand away from the Sun at speeds as high as 2000 km per second.
		Coronal mass ejections were once thought to be initiated by solar flares.
		In space CMEs typically drive shock waves that produce energetic particles that can be damaging to both electronic equipment and astronauts that venture outside the protection of the Earth's magnetic field.
	hesperia.gsfc.nasa.gov /sftheory/cme.htm (478 words)

	Universe Today - Smallest Ever Coronal Mass Ejection
		CMEs are believed to be caused by the destabilisation of twisted loops in the Sun's magnetic field, which contain lots of energy, settling into more stable positions (like a twisted rubber band unwinding suddenly).
		Understanding CMEs and the mechanisms that power them is important because the plasma and accelerated particles they throw into space can damage satellites, cause harm to astronauts and even affect the Earth itself, causing beautiful aurora but also power fl outs and problems to radio signals.
		Existing models for CMEs are based on the type of large event previously observed and the team cannot yet say how frequent such mini CMEs are or whether they represent a significant part of space weather.
	www.universetoday.com /am/publish/smallest_cme.html?1152005 (647 words)

	X-Ray Dimming in Halo Coronal Mass Ejection
		Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) originate in the solar corona, and the Yohkoh soft X-ray observations have shown that at least a portion of the ejected mass can sometimes be detected in X-rays during its outward motion (Hudson, Acton, and Freeland 1996).
		More commonly, however, the best X-ray signature of the launching of a CME may be an intensity "dimming" that is analogous to the coronal depletions originally detected in white light by Hansen et al.
		Thus, the mass in the preflare structure is comparable to the mass in the cusp-shaped flare decay-phase structure.
	ecf.hq.eso.org /~ralbrech/novdec97apjl/975324.html (3691 words)

	Solar Storms and You: Classroom Activities
		Coronal Mass Ejections are large clouds of gas ejected into space by the Sun which present a hazard for satellites, and can even cause power outages.
		The students should determine that the temperature dropped 50,000 K as the CME Front passed the satellites, and then it rose sharply as the satellites were inside of the cloud.
		In the interior of the CME cloud 'bubble' region, the gas density decreases with distance from the shock front, until it eventually returns to the temperature of the solar wind.
	image.gsfc.nasa.gov /poetry/workbook/page6.html (1080 words)

	A Surprising Coronal Mass Ejection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Solar and Heliospheric Observatory recorded a full-halo coronal mass ejection at 1230 UT on Sept. 12.
		The CME left the Sun traveling at about 1000 km/s, says Simon Plunkett, an operations scientist with the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) coronagraph team at the Naval Research Laboratory and the Goddard Space Flight Center.
		During the interval between the two exposures, the filament collapsed, spawning a powerful x-ray solar flare and a brilliant full-halo coronal mass ejection.
	spacescience.com /headlines/y2000/ast13sep_1.htm (1012 words)

	Coronal Mass Ejection Prediction Page
		Coronal mass ejections, or CMEs, are violent discharges of material from the Sun's outer atmosphere.
		CMEs are observed in visible light by watching the cloud of material as it leaves the Sun; they are also observed in ultraviolet light and in X-rays by detecting the emission from hot solar plasma in flares associated with the ejection.
		The CMEs which occur near the middle of the Sun's disk are potentially more problematic for conditions on the Earth than those which erupt from the Sun's limb, because the ejected material is aimed more directly at the Earth.
	solar.physics.montana.edu /press/ssu_index.html (768 words)

	CME [Oulu] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Coronal mass ejections (CME) are huge bubbles of gas ejected from the Sun over the course of several hours (Tousey, 1973; Brueckner, 1974; MacQueen et al., 1974; Gosling et al., 1974; for a recent review, see Hundhausen, 1996).
		There are more CME events during maximum solar cycle years than during minimum years: number of daily events increase from about 0.5 to about 2.5.
		Hundhausen, A. J., Coronal mass ejections: A summary of SMM observations from 1980 and 1984-1989, in The Many Faces of the Sun, edited by K.
	www.oulu.fi /~spaceweb/textbook/cme.html (263 words)

	Coronal Mass Ejection Observation
		CMEs appear related to large-scale magnetic fields in the corona and are often related to eruptions of very large prominences.
		CMEs contribute very little to the global solar wind mass flux, although locally their effects can be important (Hundhausen 1997).
		CME models show inconsistencies with each other, but the lack of diagnostics of the physical parameters involved in such events makes it difficult to discriminate between them.
	ecf.hq.eso.org /~ralbrech/novdec97apjl/975539.html (3078 words)

	Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are eruptions into interplanetary space of as much as a few billion tons of plasma and embedded magnetic fields from the Sun's corona.
		In contrast to the steady-state solar wind, CMEs originate in regions where the magnetic field is closed and result from the catastrophic disruption of large-scale coronal magnetic structures, such as coronal streamers.
		CMEs can occur at any time during the solar cycle, but their occurrence rate increases with increasing solar activity and peaks around solar maximum.
	pluto.space.swri.edu /IMAGE/glossary/cme.html (197 words)

	Cannibal Coronal Mass Ejections
		The dynamic pictures of the so-called "cannibal coronal mass ejections" were captured by the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) spacecraft from NASA and the European Space Agency (ESA).
		Coronal mass ejections are billion-ton clouds of electrified, magnetic gas that solar eruptions hurl into space at speeds ranging from a few hundred to 2000 km/s.
		The astronomers expect an elevated rate of CME interactions during the current peak in the 11-year cycle of violent solar activity, called solar maximum, because more ejections are expelled in quick succession.
	science.nasa.gov /headlines/y2001/ast27mar_1.htm (844 words)

	Geomagnetic Storm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The discontinuity, where the wind velocity jumps from 375 km/s to nearly 600km/s, marks the passage of an interplanetary shock wave caused by a solar coronal mass ejection on April 4, 2000.
		The Solar and Heliospheric Observatory captured pictures of a full halo coronal mass ejection (CME) at 1541 UT on April 4, 2000.
		Coronal mass ejections can carry up to 10 billion tons of plasma traveling at speeds as high as 2000 km/s.
	spacescience.com /headlines/y2000/ast07apr_2m.htm (1094 words)

	update available
		A coronal mass ejection (CME) is an ejection of material from the solar corona, observed with a white-light coronagraph.
		Coronal mass ejections (or CMEs) are huge bubbles of gas threaded with...
		Coronal Mass Ejections, Solar Flares, and the Sun-Earth Connection.
	www.hertsobservatory.org.uk /c81d4951f299830cc9795a3d84a3a158.php (411 words)

	Hurricane Sol (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		One of the most important solar events from Earth’s perspective is the coronal mass ejection (CME), the solar equivalent of a hurricane.
		A CME is the eruption of a huge bubble of plasma from the Sun’s outer atmosphere, or corona.
		Once it escapes the Sun’s gravity, a CME speeds across the gulf of space at velocities approaching one million miles per hour (400 km/sec), with the fastest CMEs accelerating to 5 million mph.
	www-istp.gsfc.nasa.gov /istp/outreach/cmeposter/hurricane.html (516 words)

	EO News: September's Sun Most Active in 14 Years - September 16, 2005
		A coronal mass ejection (CME) hit Earth’s magnetic field on Sept. 15, but it did not spark the strong display of auroras many people were hoping to see.
		Solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs) — associated giant clouds of plasma in space — are the largest explosions in the solar system and can pack the force of a billion megaton nuclear bombs.
		The LASCO instrument on Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) eclipses the Sun to reveal a CME leaving the Sun and heading toward Earth on Friday, Sept. 9.
	earthobservatory.nasa.gov /Newsroom/NasaNews/2005/2005091620441.html (472 words)

	Motion of a Coronal Mass Ejection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		A coronal mass ejection occurs when a significant amount of relatively cool, dense, ionized gas escapes from the normally closed, confining, low-level magnetic fields of the Sun's atmosphere to streak out into the interplanetary medium, or heliosphere.
		One important part of the research is to measure the velocity of the CME and trace its acceleration as it leaves the Sun.
		This is done by tracing individual features in the CME and measuring their positions as a function of time.
	sohowww.nascom.nasa.gov /explore/lessons/cme_activity.html (693 words)

	A Surprising Coronal Mass Ejection
		Solar and Heliospheric Observatory recorded a full-halo coronal mass ejection at 1230 UT on Sept. 12.
		The CME left the Sun traveling at about 1000 km/s, says Simon Plunkett, an operations scientist with the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) coronagraph team at the Naval Research Laboratory and the Goddard Space Flight Center.
		Coronal mass ejections can carry up to 10 billion tons of electrified gas.
	science.nasa.gov /headlines/y2000/ast13sep_1.htm (1012 words)

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