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Topic: Coronary artery bypass operations

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	Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
		The blockages or narrowings of the coronary arteries is known as coronary artery disease and is secondary to a disease process known as arteriosclerosis, commonly referred to as "hardening of the arteries".
		In performing a coronary artery bypass, the surgeon utilizes a piece of vein from the patient's leg or an artery located on the inside of the chest to create an alternative pathway for the oxygen-rich blood to enter the narrowed or blocked artery so that this blood can reach the heart muscle.
		Traditionally, coronary artery bypass grafting operations are done using the heart-lung machine, which is commonly referred to as the "pump".
	www.cts.usc.edu /faq-coronaryarterybypassgrafting.html (603 words)

	Coronary artery bypass surgery - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Early in a coronary artery bypass surgery during vein harvesting from the legs (left of image) and the establishment of bypass (placement of the aortic cannula) (bottom of image).
		Coronary artery bypass surgery, also coronary artery bypass graft surgery and heart bypass (colloquial), is a surgical procedure performed on patients with coronary artery disease (see atherosclerosis) for the relief of angina and possible improved heart muscle function.
		Veins or arteries from elsewhere in the patient's body are grafted from the aorta to the coronary arteries, bypassing coronary artery narrowings caused by atherosclerosis and improve the blood supply to the myocardium (heart muscle).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Coronary_artery_bypass_surgery (726 words)

	Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery in New York State - New York State Department of Health
		Coronary artery bypass surgery results have been assessed since 1989; angioplasty (also known as percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty or PTCA) results were released last year for the first time.
		In particular, coronary artery bypass surgery during the same hospital admission as the angioplasty, and myocardial infarction (heart attack) during or after the angioplasty in the same hospital admission will be reported as soon as possible, probably in 1999 (using 1997 data).
		Also, coronary artery bypass graft surgery may be related to myocardial infarctions in that the tendency not to perform bypass surgery when it is necessary could lead to a myocardial infarction.
	www.health.state.ny.us /nysdoh/reports/report.htm (3130 words)

	MARKETING AN OPERATION:CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS SURGERY
		In fact, for years before the advent of the coronary-bypass operation surgeons had performed similar operations on the larger arteries in the legs, using long, thin, artificial pipelines to carry blood from a point in front of to a point beyond an obstruction in the artery.
		In 1977 the Veterans Administration reported a study showing that bypass surgery caused no decrease in average annual mortality among patients with ordinary angina unless they happened to be suffering from an obstruction of the left main coronary artery, a particularly severe form of heart disease.
		The charges vary greatly, depending on the surgeon, the number of bypass grafts (generally each graft beyond the first one costs an additional $400 to $600), the hospital, and on the location (the difference may be as much as 100% from one part of the country to another).
	drcranton.com /chelation/cabg1.htm (3607 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Coronary artery bypass surgery
		Coronary artery bypass surgery, also coronary artery bypass graft surgery, and colloquially heart bypass or bypass surgery is a surgical procedure performed to relieve angina and reduce the risk of death from coronary artery disease.
		Arteries and /or veins from elsewhere in the patient's body are grafted from the aorta to the coronary arteries to bypass atherosclerotic narrowings and improve the blood supply to the coronary circulation supplying the myocardium (heart muscle).
		A greater number of bypasses does not imply a person is "sicker," nor does a lesser number imply a person is "healthier." A person with a large amount of coronary artery disease (CAD) may receive fewer bypass grafts due to the lack of suitable "target" vessels.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Coronary_artery_bypass_surgery (1295 words)

	Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery
		Traditionally, coronary artery bypass surgery is performed with the assistance of cardiopulmonary bypass.
		Off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery may be performed in certain patients with coronary artery disease.
		The aims of off-pump bypass surgery is to decrease the morbidity of coronary artery bypass surgery, such as stroke, renal failure and need for blood transfusion.
	www.clevelandclinic.org /heartcenter/pub/guide/disease/cad/offpump.htm (1205 words)

	Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery (Heart Bypass Surgery, CABG) Information on MedicineNet.com
		Coronary artery disease (CAD) occurs when atherosclerotic plaque (hardening of the arteries) builds up in the wall of the arteries that supply the heart.
		When coronary arteries narrow more than 50 to 70%, the blood supply beyond the plaque becomes inadequate to meet the increased oxygen demand during exercise.
		When arteries are narrowed in excess of 90 to 99%, patients often have accelerated angina or angina at rest (unstable angina).
	www.medicinenet.com /coronary_artery_bypass_graft/article.htm (569 words)

	Coronary Artery Bypass Graft, Coronary Artery Bypass
		Within a decade of the development of bypass surgery it became apparent that obstructions could develop in saphenous vein to coronary bypass grafts and that the likelihood of obstructions developing was related to time.
		The radial artery was used as a bypass graft in the early years of coronary surgery but its use was abandoned for a number of years because of the occurrence of graft occlusions.
		Influence of arterial coronary bypass grafts on the mortality in coronary reoperations.
	www.clevelandclinic.org /heartcenter/pub/guide/disease/cad/lytle_arterialcabg.htm (1244 words)

	Heart Bypass Operations: 21 May 2004: Written answers (TheyWorkForYou.com)
		However, angioplasty is increasingly being used to treat patients who would have undergone bypass surgery in the past and the procedures performed in national health service hospitals in England have increased from 17,291 in 1997–98 to 34,986 in 2002–03.
		All operations (ICD-10 K40-K46) Coronary Artery Bypass Grafts (CABGs).
		All operations count of episodes—these figures represent a count of all FCE's where the procedure was mentioned in any of the 12 (four prior to 2002–03) operation fields in a HES record.
	www.theyworkforyou.com /wrans/?id=2004-05-21.172700.h (352 words)

	Vasogenics, offering non invasive EECP® treatment for angina sufferers.
		Angiograms are used to evaluate the condition of the coronary arteries and nourishment of the heart muscle.
		When a blockage (stenosis) within an artery prevents that vessel from delivering an adequate supply of blood to the tissues it serves, the body can sometimes compensate by developing and/or opening small specialised vessels to transfer blood form "healthier" arteries to the deprived tissues that are downstream of the blockage.
		The coronary arteries that supply blood to the heart are especially vulnerable.
	www.vasogenics.com /angina.htm (2451 words)

	Mayo Clinic: Find bypass surgery information and new innovative techniques and procedures at mayoclinic.org
		Surgeons have discovered that when an artery from the inside of the chest wall, the internal thoracic artery, was used instead of saphenous (leg) vein grafts, the bypass stayed open longer.
		Bypass surgery is the most commonly performed "open heart" operation in the United States.
		The goal of bypass surgery is not to repair or remove blocked coronary arteries, but to detour blood around a blockage by using arteries or veins from other parts of the body (grafts) to bring oxygen and nutrients to heart muscle.
	www.mayoclinic.org /bypass-surgery (400 words)

	Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
		Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is the most commonly performed procedure by MASA surgeons.
		When atherosclerosis develops in the coronary arteries, flow of blood through these vessels is blocked, and the blood supply to heart muscle is jeopardized.
		Conventionally an artery from behind the breast bone, and veins from the legs are used to "bypass" the blood around the coronary artery blockages.
	www.heartsurgeons.com /pr1.html (764 words)

	Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery & CABG Graft Surgery at Mass General Hospital (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Coronary artery bypass surgery is done to enhance blood supply to the muscle of the heart in the presence of coronary obstructive disease caused by atherosclerosis.
		In general, coronary artery bypass surgery is reserved for patients with advanced obstruction in the coronary vessels who have either failed medical therapy and have persistent symptoms, or have coronary anatomy that is life-threatening.
		A prerequisite to coronary artery bypass surgery in all circumstances is a cardiac catheterization study that is performed by a cardiologist.
	www.mgh.harvard.edu /cardiac/surgery/surgery/cabg.html (619 words)

	Reduced Perioperative Morbidity and Complications - 4-Feb-05: article for
		Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting decreases risk-adjusted mortality and morbidity
		Coronary artery bypass grafting without cardiopulmonary bypass in diabetic patients is nevertheless associated with a significant reduction in morbidity.
		Diagnosis and operation for anomalous circumflex coronary artery.
	www.drramchandani.com /en/art/index.html_13.html (2042 words)

	The Society of Thoracic Surgeons
		Cardiothoracic surgeons perform the procedure to bypass blockages or obstructions of the coronary arteries.
		A cardiac catheterization study is an invasive test in which a small tube or catheter is passed through the artery in the groin or arm to the heart, and contrast medium or "dye" is injected into the coronary arteries.
		In the 1970's and 1980's, cardiothoracic surgeons discovered that an artery from the inside of the chest wall, the internal thoracic artery (also called the internal mammary artery), could be used instead of vein for the bypass grafts and that it stayed open longer than saphenous vein grafts.
	www.sts.org /sections/patientinformation/adultcardiacsurgery/cabg/index.html (1393 words)

	Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery
		Though the bypasses put into legs often became blocked themselves after a few years, such surgery produced two real benefits: it relieved pain in legs that were not getting enough blood, and it restored strength to legs that had been nearly useless.
		Patients who are given the bypass operation "to prolong life" fall into four major groups, only one of which has ever been shown to gain the promised result of such surgery.
		By the mid-1970s the number of surgeons trained to do bypass surgery was increasing at a rate of 10 to 15% each year, and as these new surgeons sought out suitable locales to practice their trade, the number of hospitals doing cardiac surgery just about doubled.
	www.drcranton.com /chelation/cabg1.htm (3598 words)

	Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery - Texas Heart Institute Heart Information Center
		Bypass surgery improves the blood flow to the heart with a new route, or "bypass," around a section of clogged or diseased artery.
		The surgery involves sewing a section of vein from the leg or artery from the chest or another part of the body to bypass a part of the diseased coronary artery.
		During bypass surgery, the breastbone (sternum) is divided, the heart is stopped, and blood is sent through a heart-lung machine.
	texasheart.org /HIC/Topics/Proced/cab.cfm (1209 words)

	Docs here pioneers in new bypass surgery aid
		In about 70 percent of traditional bypass operations, surgeons harvest a segment of vein from the patient's leg to use as a new artery that allows blood to flow around a blocked coronary artery.
		Repeat bypass operations are not desirable because patients must endure a risky surgery in a weakened state of health and because they add to the overall costs of health care.
		The coronary bypass trial is being coordinated by the Duke Clinical Research Institute at Duke University Medical Center, and by the Society of Thoracic Surgeons.
	www.enquirer.com /editions/2003/05/29/loc_bypass29.html (1115 words)

	ITA-CABS
		ABSTRACT : The dynamic responses of a coronary artery and an internal mammary artery (IMA) graft to pharmacological intervention were examined by arteriography in 5 patients with variant angina who had undergone coronary artery bypass grafting with an in situ IMA to the left anterior descending coronary artery.
		These results indicate that internal thoracic artery grafts have flow adaptability responding to the flow demand of the recipient coronary artery and that the string sign of internal thoracic artery grafts is mainly an outcome of its physiologic characteristics.
		In adult patients with bypass grafting for atherosclerotic coronary artery disease, IMA grafts have been reported to have long-term patency; however, results are conflicting on whether the graft is sufficient to meet increased myocardial oxygen demand during exercise.
	www.naramed-u.ac.jp /~3sur/ref1-1.html (2783 words)

	Heart Info - Bypass Surgery: A Patient Guide (Site not responding. Last check: )
		During bypass surgery, the chest bone is separated, and the ribs are spread apart to allow visible and physical access to the heart.
		It is usually taken from the internal mammary artery in the chest, the saphenous veins from the leg, or in rare instances from the radial artery in the arm.
		An artery that supplies blood to chest muscles is grafted to the left anterior descending artery (an important artery located close to the chest wall).
	www.heartinfo.com /ms/guides/16/main.html (1939 words)

	CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS SURGERY (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Coronary artery bypass surgery is a major surgical procedure performed under general anesthesia that has been in existence since 1967.
		Of all the treatments for coronary artery disease, it is the most effective for relief of angina.
		Surgeons are increasingly using arteries such as the artery that runs along the inside of the chest wall or an artery in the arm since these seem to last longer than vein grafts.
	www.healthyhearts.com /bypass.htm (957 words)

	Coronary Artery Bypass Graft
		The past 20 years has seen a proliferation of bypass surgery and angioplasty, in spite of strong scientific evidence that neither may be helpful in the long run for the overwhelming majority of patients.
		The landmark CASS Study (stands for Coronary Artery Surgery Study) in 1984 demonstrated the irrelevance of bypass surgery and angioplasty to survival after the diagnosis of coronary artery disease is made.
		Coronary bypass surgery and angioplasty are irrelevant to your chances of survival.
	www.medical-library.net /sites/_coronary_artery_bypass_graft_and_coronary_angioplasty_indications.html (838 words)

	Closed Chest Totally Endoscopic Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery: Fantasy or Reality?
		All patients in the TECAB group were operated upon via a three- or four-point stab incision using the da Vinci robot for internal mammary artery takedown and for performance of anastomoses.
		As access to the patient during the operation is very limited, the right positioning of the double lumen endotracheal tube or bronchial blocker has to be confirmed by bronchoscopy and the positioning of the patient has to be done very carefully, making sure that no pressure injury will occur.
		Coronary angiogram revealed a progredient lesion of the circumflex artery and the patient had an uneventful percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty.
	www.current-reports.com /article.cfm?PubID=CR02-6-2-04&Type=Article&KeyWords= (3034 words)

	Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery - Texas Heart Institute Heart Information Center
		Bypass surgery improves the blood flow to the heart with a new route, or "bypass," around a section of clogged or diseased artery.
		The surgery involves sewing a section of vein from the leg or artery from the chest or another part of the body to bypass a part of the diseased coronary artery.
		During bypass surgery, the breastbone (sternum) is divided, the heart is stopped, and blood is sent through a heart-lung machine.
	www.texasheartinstitute.org /HIC/Topics/Proced/cab.cfm (1209 words)

	Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery (Site not responding. Last check: )
		It occurs when the coronary arteries, which carry blood to the heart muscle, become clogged or partially blocked by fatty deposits on the artery walls.
		Bypass surgery uses an artery or vein taken from another part of the body to divert blood around the clogged part of a patient's artery or arteries.
		This figure shows how many coronary artery bypass operations were performed in each hospital in the two-year period 1994-1995.
	www.state.nj.us /health/hcsa/cabgs.htm (2555 words)

	Barnes-Jewish Hospital - Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery is a Safer Option for Most Patients
		Off-pump surgery is performed on a beating heart, using stabilizers that hold the artery to be bypassed steady.
		During conventional bypass surgery, most patients have to be put on cardiopulmonary bypass, which reroutes the blood outside the body so the heart is motionless during surgery.
		She says off-pump coronary revascularization is an excellent tool that could allow surgeries to be performed in patients that otherwise couldn't have bypass surgery.
	www.barnesjewish.org /groups?NavID=1340 (913 words)

	Maine Heart Surgical Associates
		Coronary artery bypass grafting, or bypass surgery is a surgical procedure performed to relieve angina and increase the circulation and nourishment to the heart muscle.
		Arteries and or veins from elsewhere in the patient's body are used as a passageway from the aorta to the coronary arteries to bypass atherosclerotic narrowings and improve the blood supply to the coronary circulation supplying the heart muscle.
		Coronary artery bypass surgery is a very common operation.
	www.maineheartsurgical.com /coronary.html (982 words)

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