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Topic: Corpus cavernosum

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	XI. Splanchnology. 3c. 5. The Penis. Gray, Henry. 1918. Anatomy of the Human Body.
		The glans and anterior part of the corpus cavernosum urethræ are detached from the corpora cavernosa penis and turned to one side.
		The portion of the corpus cavernosum urethræ in front of the bulb lies in a groove on the under surface of the conjoined corpora cavernosa penis.
		The external envelope or outer coat of the corpus cavernosum urethræ is formed partly of unstriped muscular fibers, and a layer of the same tissue immediately surrounds the canal of the urethra.
	www.bartleby.com /107/262.html (1608 words)

	Corpus cavernosum - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A corpus cavernosum is one of a pair of a sponge-like regions of erectile tissue which contain most of the blood in the male penis during erection.
		A little blood enters the corpus spongiosum; the remainder engorges the corpora cavernosa, which expand to hold 90% of the blood involved in an erection, increasing both in length and in diameter.
		The female anatomy has no corpus spongiosum, but instead two vestibular bulbs beneath the skin of the labia minora (at the entrance to the vagina), which expand at the same time as the glans clitoris to cap the ends of the corpora cavernosa.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Corpus_cavernosum (422 words)

	British Journal of Pharmacology - The mechanisms for tachykinin-induced contractions of the rabbit corpus cavernosum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Previous studies have shown that SP immunoreactive nerves were present in the human corpus cavernosum (Gu et al., 1983) and SP induced contraction at resting tension (Hedlund and Andersson, 1985) and small relaxations in an endothelium dependent manner (Azadzoi et al., 1992; Patacchini et al., 2002).
		We found that all three tachykinins induced contractions of the rabbit corpus cavernosum smooth muscle and specified the type of tachykinin receptors involved in the tachykinin-induced contractions by examining the effect of tachykinin receptor antagonists on the corpus cavernosum contraction.
		The results obtained by the use of the subtype selective receptor antagonists (Figure 3) indicated that the tachykinin-induced contractions in the rabbit corpus cavernosum are mediated mainly by NK receptor and partly by NK receptor.
	www.nature.com /bjp/journal/v137/n6/full/0704938a.html (5148 words)

	Penile prosthesis - Patent 4318396 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The distal section is adapted to be implanted into the corpus cavernosum of the pendulus penis with the conical tip in the distal end of the corpus cavernosum.
		The distal portion is adapted to be implanted in the corpus cavernosum of the pendulus penis with the conical tip in the distal end of the corpus cavernosum.
		The proximal stem of the implant is relatively stiff so that when it is implanted into the root end of the corpus cavernosum it will anchor and support the implant and the distal portion and tip of the implant are soft so as to cause a minimum of irritation to the tissue of the penis.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4318396.html (2791 words)

	CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY Mechanism of Action - Meltabs \| Meltabs Description Generic Viagra (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Sildenafil (Meltabs) has no direct relaxant effect on isolated human corpus cavernosum, but enhances the effect of nitric oxide (NO) by inhibiting phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5), which is responsible for degradation of cGMP in the corpus cavernosum.
		In addition to human corpus cavernosum smooth muscle, PDE5 is also found in lower concentrations in other tissues including platelets, vascular and visceral smooth muscle, and skeletal muscle.
		The inhibition of PDE5 in these tissues by sildenafil (Meltabs) may be the basis for the enhanced platelet antiaggregatory activity of nitric oxide observed in vitro, an inhibition of platelet thrombus formation in vivo and peripheral arterial-venous dilatation in vivo.
	www.buy-softtabs.com /meltabs-desc/meltabs-desc-9.html (327 words)

	Novel strategies for developing pro-apoptotic ceramidase inhibitors (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In addition to the muscles of the corpus cavernosum, the striated perineal muscles at the base of the penis, known as the ischiocavernosus and bulbospongiosus muscles, also appear to be of importance in penile rigidity.
		Thompson et al (2001) reported that cGMP generation by the corpus cavernosum of animals with experimental diabetes is significantly impaired, but is restored towards normal by sildenafil, suggesting that the impairment of NO-mediated relaxation of the corpus cavernosum reflects, at least in part, a defect in guanylyl cyclase activity.
		The corpus cavernosum response to ET-1 is similar in tissue taken from individuals with ED and controls (Crist et al, 1995).
	www.leaddiscovery.co.uk /dossiers/MDI002/Sexual%20dysfunction.htm (14981 words)

	Corpus cavernosum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		There is one smaller such region corpus spongiosum) along the bottom of the penis contains the urethra.
		glans penis the expanded cap of the corpus remains more malleable during erection because its albuginea is much thinner than elsewhere in penis.
		In some circumstances release of nitric oxide relaxation of the clitoral cavernosal artery and muscle in a process similar to male More blood flows in through the clitoral artery the pressure in the clitoral corpora rises and the clitoris is engorged with This leads to extrusion of the glans and enhanced sensitivity to physical contact.
	www.freeglossary.com /Corpus_cavernosum (566 words)

	Corpus cavernosum - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The expanding spongy tissue presses against a surrounding dense tissue (tunica albuginia) constricting these veins, preventing blood from leaving.
		Flavonoids from Achyrocline satureioides with relaxant effects on the smooth muscle of Guinea pig corpus cavernosum.(Short Communication) : An article...
		Argentinian plant extracts with relaxant effect on the smooth muscle of the corpus cavernosum of Guinea pig.
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /corpus_cavernosum.htm (465 words)

	Corpus cavernosum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		There is one smaller such region (the corpus spongiosum) along the bottom of the penis, which containsthe urethra.
		A little blood enters the corpus spongiosum; the remainder engorges the corpora cavernosa, which expand to hold 90% of theblood involved in an erection, increasing both in length and in diameter.
		The glans penis, the expanded cap of the corpus spongiosum, remains more malleable during erection because itstunica albuginea is much thinner than elsewhere in the penis.
	www.therfcc.org /corpus-cavernosum-87787.html (398 words)

	Penile prosthesis for the management of erectile impotence - Patent 4009711 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In general, the subject penile erectile prosthesis comprises a body member having a non-distensible portion and a distensible body portion, with the latter being connected by suitable conduit means to a fluid supply source, and valve means being provided to control the flow of fluid between the distensible portion and the fluid supply means.
		The non-distensible portion is preferably made of plastic material, such as Silastic, which is semi rigid, and is adapted to be implanted into the root end of the corpus cavernosum of a penis.
		Two such body members are provided, one for each corpus cavernosum, with each of the distensible body portions being connected by suitable conduits, including valve means, which extend to the fluid reservoir preferably surgically implanted in the scrotal sac.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4009711.html (2705 words)

	levitra Doctor Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Penile erection is a haemodynamic process based on the relaxation of smooth muscle in the corpus cavernosum and its associated arterioles.
		During sexual stimulation, from nerve ends in the corpus cavernosum nitric oxide (NO) is released, which activates the enzyme guanylate cyclase resulting in an increased level of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) in the corpus cavernosum.
		The most prominent PDE in the human corpus cavernosum is the cGMP specific phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5).
	www.levitrapoint.com /levitra_doctor_information.html (4478 words)

	Nehra
		The corpus cavernosum of the penis is one of the few vascular beds in which there is a change in oxygen tension with function (blood PO 25-40mm Hg in the flaccid state, and 90-100mm Hg in the erect state).
		This change in oxygen tension exposes the components of the corpus cavernosum to a variety of cytokines, humoral, vasoactive, and growth factors which may affect the structure and function of the endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, neurons and extracellular matrix.
		During erection, the trabecular smooth muscle relaxes, allowing an increased inflow of arterial blood, and the cavernosal blood PO increases and reaching a plateau at 90-100mm Hg This increase in blood PO precedes the rise in cavernosal pressure which represents functional veno-occlusion as the subtunical draining venules are stretched and occluded.
	www.duj.com /Article/Nehra/Nehra.html (5758 words)

	Pelvic nerve stimulation-induced pressor responses in corpus cavernosum of anesthetized dogs -- Ayajiki et al. 273 (5): ...
		in the vicinity of the corpus cavernosum and that the pelvic plexus
		Inhibition of nerve stimulation-induced vasodilatation in corpora cavernosa of the pithed rat by blockade of nitric oxide synthase.
		Nitric oxide as a mediator of relaxation of the corpus cavernosum in response to nonadrenergic, noncholinergic neurotransmission.
	ajpheart.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/273/5/H2141 (1965 words)

	UroMetrics: Erectile Dysfunction
		The corpus cavernosum consists of “sponge like” tissue which runs the length of the penis.
		As the corpus cavernosum fills with blood, they expand and begin to press against the body of the penis.
		This process continues until the pressure in the corpus cavernosum equals the pressure of the corpus cavernosal arteries.
	www.urometrics.com /ed.html (478 words)

	Multiple Pathways of Angiotensin I Conversion and Their Functional Role in the Canine Penile Corpus Cavernosum -- ...
		The ACE activity in the corpus cavernosum was 6.9 ± 1.7 mU/mg of protein (n = 8), and the chymase-like activity was 4.0 ±
		Comiter CV, Sullivan MP, Yalla SV and Kifor I (1997) Effect of angiotensin II on corpus cavernosum smooth muscle in relation to nitric oxide environment: in vitro studies in canines.
		Okamura T, Ayajiki K, Fujioka H, Toda M, Fujimiya M and Toda N (1999) Effects of endothelial impairment by saponin on the responses to vasodilators and nitrergic nerve stimulation in isolated canine corpus cavernosum.
	jpet.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/298/1/43 (4006 words)

	Monkey corpus cavernosum relaxation mediated by NO and other relaxing factor derived from nerves -- Okamura et al. 274 ...
		is evoked by an elevation of pressure of the corpus cavernosum that is associated with a relaxation of
		The corpus cavernosum was rapidly removed and fixed in ice-cold 0.1 M phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4)
		Effect of alteration in the extracellular potassium and calcium on field-stimulated relaxation of the rabbit corpus cavernosum.
	ajpheart.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/274/4/H1075 (3431 words)

	[No title]
		Sildenafil has no direct relaxant effect on isolated human corpus cavernosum, but enhances the effect of nitric oxide (NO) by inhibiting phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5), which is responsible for degradation of cGMP in the corpus cavernosum.
		When sexual stimulation causes local release of NO, inhibition of PDE5 by sildenafil causes increased levels of cGMP in the corpus cavernosum, resulting in smooth muscle relaxation and inflow of blood to the corpus cavernosum.
		The inhibition of PDE5 in these tissues by sildenafil may be the basis for the enhanced platelet antiaggregatory activity of nitric oxide observed in vitro, an inhibition of platelet thrombus formation in vivo and peripheral arterial-venous dilatation in vivo.
	www.best-meds.com /druginfo/viagra_clinical.htm (2501 words)

	eMedicine - Penile Fracture and Trauma : Article by Jong M Choe, MD, FACS†
		Penile fracture is the traumatic rupture of the corpus cavernosum.
		The glans is the distal expansion of the corpus spongiosum.
		Penile cavernosography demonstrates extravasation of contrast material from the corpus cavernosum into the penile soft tissues, indicating a laceration of the tunica albuginea.
	www.emedicine.com /med/topic3415.htm (3103 words)

	Erectile dysfunction: diagnosis and management with newer oral agents
		When a healthy man receives psychological or physical stimulation of the penis, first nitric oxide is released from the nerve endings in the corpus cavernosum, which produces dilation of the cavernosal arteries.
		We do know that patients with psychogenic causes, specifically stress disorders and depression, have an overactivity of alpha-agonists in their corpus cavernosum smooth muscle tissue, so a chemical imbalance may be to blame.
		When we reviewed the effect of antihypertensive agents on relaxation of the corpus cavernosum smooth muscle in vitro, we found that the classes of agents most likely to preserve or be hospitable to erectile function are the alpha-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and calcium channel blockers, in that order (8).
	www.bhcs.com /proceedings/13_4/13_4_carson.html (3370 words)

	Massive Member Natural Penis Enlargement
		There are 2 large chambers on the top of the penis (the Corpus Cavernosum) and 1 smaller chamber on the bottom of the penis (the Corpus Spongiosum).
		The remainder of the blood enters the Corpus Cavernosum, which is a sponge-like tissue that acts as the main blood-holding chamber of the penis.
		Penis size is limited in terms of length and girth by the capacity of the Corpus Cavernosum.
	www.newremedies.com /ssi/gifs/mmember.html (469 words)

	Archives of Hellenic Medicine
		However, the role of the ET receptor in the corpus cavernosum remains unclear and further studies are awaited.
		Nitric oxide is a potent relaxant of human and rabbit corpus cavernosum.
		Differential alterations of prostacyclin, cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP formation in the corpus cavernosum of the dia betic rabbit.
	www.mednet.gr /archives/1999-5/457.html (3979 words)

	Kifaru 50 Tablets : Sildenafil Citrate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		KIFARU-50 has physiologic mechanism of erection of the penis which involves release of nitric oxide in the corpus cavernosum during sexual stimulation.
		KIFARU-50 has no direct relaxant effect on isolated human corpus cavernosum, but enhances the effect of nitric oxide by inhibiting phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5), which is responsible for degradation of cGMP in the corpus cavernosum.
		When sexual stimulation causes local release of nitric oxide, inhibition of PDE5 by sildenafil causes increased levels of cGMP in the corpus cavernosum, resulting in smooth muscle relaxation and inflow of blood to the corpus cavernosum.
	www.shalinalabs.com /prod_detail.asp?ProdDescriptionID=252 (497 words)

	Effects of Rosuvastatin on Nitric Oxide-Dependent Function in Aorta and Corpus Cavernosum of Diabetic Mice: ...
		Frequency response curves for relaxation to transmural electrical field stimulation for corpus cavernosum from nondiabetic and diabetic mice in the presence of atropine and guanethidine and the effects of prevention RSV treatment without and with mevalonate cotreatment and intervention RSV treatment.
		Concentration response curves for relaxation to acetylcholine for corpus cavernosum from nondiabetic and diabetic mice and the effects of prevention RSV treatment without and with mevalonate cotreatment and reversal RSV treatment.
		EDR of mouse aorta and corpus cavernosum was unaffected by cyclo-oxygenase
	diabetes.diabetesjournals.org /cgi/content/full/52/9/2396 (4707 words)

	Potentiation of Penile Tumescence by T-1032, a New Potent and Specific Phosphodiesterase Type V Inhibitor, in Dogs -- ...
		Bush PA, Aronson WJ, Buga GM, Rajfer J and Ignarro LJ (1992a) Nitric oxide is a potent relaxant of human and rabbit corpus cavernosum.
		Hedlund P, Larsson B, Alm P and Andersson KE (1995b) Distribution and function of nitric oxide-containing nerves in canine corpus cavernosum and spongiosum.
		Rajfer J, Aronson WJ, Bush PA, Dorey FJ and Ignarro LJ (1992) Nitric oxide as a mediator of relaxation of the corpus cavernosum in response to nonadrenergic, noncholinergic neurotransmission.
	www.jpet.org /cgi/content/full/294/3/870 (3222 words)

	Male Impotence Cure
		This decreases the outflow of blood from the penis, and the blood remains in the corpus cavernosum to keep the penis erect.The enzyme PDE5 eventually causes degradation of the cGMP, and the erection ends (view the Cialis mechanism of action diagram for impotence cure {click here}).
		Viagra has no direct relaxant effect on isolated human corpus cavernosum, but enhances the effect of nitric oxide (NO) by inhibiting phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5), which is responsible for degradation of cGMP in the corpus cavernosum.
		When sexual stimulation causes local release of NO, inhibition of PDE5 by sildenafil causes increased levels of cGMP in the corpus cavernosum, resulting in smooth muscle relaxation and inflow of blood to the corpus cavernosum (view the Viagra mechanism of action diagram as an impotence cure {click here}).
	www.on-linepharmacyuk.com /maleimpotencecure.htm (1953 words)

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