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Topic: Correlates of War

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	War - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		War is a state of widespread conflict between states, organisations, or relatively large groups of people, which is characterised by the use of lethal violence between combatants or upon civilians.
		A war to liberate an occupied country is sometimes characterised as a "war of liberation", while a war between internal elements of the same state may constitute a civil war.
		At the outbreak of World War I the writer Thomas Mann wrote, "Is not peace an element of civil corruption and war a purification, a liberation, an enormous hope?" This attitude was embraced by many societies from Sparta in Ancient Greece and the Ancient Romans to the fascist states of the 1930s.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/War (3412 words)

	Learn more about War in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		War or is any conflict involving the organized use of armss and physical force between countries or other large-scale armed groups.
		Wars have been fought to control natural resources, for religious or cultural reasons, over political balances of power, legitimacy of particular laws, to settle economic and territorial disputes, and many other issues.
		Sometimes a distinction is made between a conflict and the formal declaration of a state of war.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /w/wa/war.html (958 words)

	correlation - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about correlation
		Correlation can be shown by plotting a line of best fit on a scatter diagram.
		Correlation coefficients for assumed linear relations include the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient (known simply as the correlation coefficient), Kendall's tau correlation coefficient, or Spearman's rho correlation coefficient, which is used in nonparametric statistics (where the data are measured on ordinal rather than interval scales).
		A high correlation does not always indicate dependence between two variables; it may be that there is a third (unstated) variable upon which both depend.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /correlation (387 words)

	[No title]
		The geographical location of the war as a whole and a participant's activity in the war is coded as well as the severity of the war as determined by its duration and the number of battle-connected deaths.
		The first sub-type, the imperial war, involves an adversary that is an independent political entity but does not qualify as a member of the interstate system becuse of limitations on its independence, insufficient population to meet the interstate system membership criteria or a failure of other states to recognize it as a legitimate member.
		The role of each participant in the war (whether the participant is the nation undergoing the civil war or is an intervenor and the side the intervenor took in the war) is coded as well as the outcome.
	prod.library.utoronto.ca:8090 /datalib/codebooks/icpsr/9905/CB9905.ALL (2156 words)

	The Risks of War from Democratization
		Accordingly, the likelihood of war should to be the greatest at low levels of democracy and diminish gradually as countries democratize.
		We have coded countries as being at war in years in which they were classified by the Correlates of War data set as parties to one or more interstate or extra-systemic wars.
		Cases in which there was a war are rare, of course, and the predicted probabilities associated with these cases are higher than in other cases, but do not approach the 0.50 level that would be a minimum for predicting the presence of a war.
	www.colorado.edu /IBS/GAD/Manuscripts/warornot..htm (5258 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		It was the Peloponnesian War that led Thucydides to reflect on the origins, causes, and consequences of war.
		It is a proximate cause in that it is closer to the outbreak of war.
		One way of testing the steps to war explanation is to use a cross-sectional design that compares the long-term relations of a pair of states (a dyad) to see whether those that have taken one, two, or three of the steps are progressively more likely to have gone to war.
	www.vanderbilt.edu /psci/vasquez/isaprz.doc (9754 words)

	The Issue Correlates of War (ICOW) Project
		The Issue Correlates of War (ICOW) project is a research project that is attempting to collect systematic data on contentious issues in world politics.
		David Singer of the University of Michigan was kind enough to allow the use of the name "Correlates of War" in the ICOW project's name.
		John Tures (1998), "Expanding the Issue Correlates of War (ICOW) Project: Regime-Based Claims, Disputes, and Means of Settlement, 1816-1996." Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the International Studies Association, Minneapolis.
	garnet.acns.fsu.edu /~phensel/icow.html (2946 words)

	Correlates of War Project History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Correlates of War Project was founded in 1963 by J. David Singer, a political scientist at the University of Michigan.
		Accordingly, early efforts were undertaken to measure many of those factors that purportedly accounted for war such as national capability, alliances, geography, polarity, and status in the post-Napoleonic period, and the list of data sets assembled by the project has continued to grow over the years (see Data Sets).
		More generally, the correlates of war project promoted cumulative science in the field of international relations when the scientific study of politics was in its infancy.
	cow2.la.psu.edu /cowhistory.htm (420 words)

	COW Datasets
		One of the principal activities of the Correlates of War Project is the extension and maintenance of the core COW data sets that have proved invaluable to the broader scientific community.
		For information on other unreleased data sets on which the COW project is conducting research, see the "Ongoing Research" page.
		War takes many forms in the contemporary era, including serious military conflicts between states (inter-state war), between states and non-state actors (extra-state war), and within states (intra-state war).
	cow2.la.psu.edu /Datasets.htm (490 words)

	Correlates of War Bibliographic Essay
		The scholarly contribution of the COW Project is evident in the extent to which it has become part of the fabric of international relations research.
		In reserach reported in fifteen bey journals that focus on quantitative international politics, COW was the most frequently cited data project in the period 1974 to 1986; COW accounted for thirty-one percent of the citations of the eight leading data projects (McGowan, et al., 1988).
		The early years of the Correlates of War Project were conceptually oriented with a small band of scholars struggling to define a research strategy and initiate the enormous job of generating a number of new and crucial data sets.
	cow2.la.psu.edu /COW_bibliographic_essay.htm (1439 words)

	J. David Singer's Web Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		David Singer's interest in ending wars, an interest arising from his military service during WWII and the Korean War, has resulted in the Correlates of War Project, which he began in 1964 and which continues to the present day.
		This data-based study of change, continuity, and war in the global system of 1816-2004 has revealed many of the systemic, alliance, dyadic, and state-level factors - or correlates - of war during this period.
		The COW project meets in seminar every Friday from 3-5 pm, and interested colleagues and students are invited to attend.
	www-personal.umich.edu /~jdsinger (194 words)

	Links
		Correlates of War Project, University of Michigan Research into armed conflict both at the inter- and intra-state level.
		Correlates of War 2 Project The Correlates of War 2 project, (located at Pennsylvania State University) seeks to facilitate the collection, dissemination, and use of accurate and reliable quantitative data in international relations.
		Wars of the World: Armed Conflict Events Data: OnWar.Com The purpose of the Armed Conflict Events Data is to provide interested parties with a comprehensive source for all the events generally acknowledged as have had some military significance.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/world/war/links.htm (2362 words)

	Extra-State War
		Version 3.0 of the Correlates of War Extra-State War data can be obtained by clicking here.
		Extra-State Wars and Extra-State War Participants data are available here.
		There are no records for the colonies/non-states that participated in the wars.
	pss.la.psu.edu /ESWarFormat.htm (749 words)

	Datasets — Complete list (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Subset of Correlates of War; identifies all direct contiguity relationships between states in the international from 1816 through 2000.
		Subset of Correlates of War; seeks to identify each formal alliance between at least two states that fall into the classes of defense pact, neutrality or non-aggression treaty, or entente agreement.
		Subset of Correlates of War; is the result of the effort to identify and code all territorial changes involving at least one nation-state (as defined by the Correlates of War project) for the period 1816-2000.
	voxlibris.claremont.edu /research/databases/datasets.asp?letter=* (1017 words)

	Twentieth Century Atlas - Death Tolls (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Most mainstream statistical analysis of war is based on these authorities; however, if you look at the individual authorities on the Main Sequence, you'll see that some have specific problems that carry over as they borrow from one another.
		See the wars in Algeria or South Africa for examples of how the Main Sequence agrees with itself and not with historians of the specific war.
		While this allows him to easily and directly compare all wars to each other (because all his estimates are based on the same criteria), it might not be a good idea to accept his estimates over others which are based directly on aggregate casualty data, such as we find for well-recorded modern wars.
	users.erols.com /mwhite28/warstats.htm (5407 words)

	Academic Directory on Databases (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Part of the larger Correlates of War Project at the University of Michigan, the Interstate System dataset offers files providing data on the entry and exit of states in the world system as well as a listing of the composition of the state system year by year.
		The Militarized Interstate Dispute dataset is a subset of the larger Correlates of War project of the University of Michigan.
		A common consideration in studies of war is the geographical proximity of the participants.
	www.alllearn.org /er/tree.jsp?c=41204 (2997 words)

	COW Bibliography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Part 1 is the list related to the COW research orientation and all data sets generated by the project.
		Part 3 “The Correlates of War project: A Bibliographic History of the Scientific Study of War and Peace, 1964-2000” is available through the authors at susumu@umich.edu.
		Note: COW Generated Data set will be available from COW World Wide Web site at http://www.umich.edu/~cowproj and some data sets are available at Peace Science Society World wide web site at http://pss.la.psu.edu.
	dana.ucc.nau.edu /~ss95/WEBCOWbiblio.htm (3916 words)

	Conflict Data Sets
		Dependent variables: (a) Interstate war is sustained combat between the regular military forces of two or more state members of the international system in which there is a total of at least 1000 battle-related fatalities.
		A dispute is considered part of the same rivalry if it involves the same two states and occurs within 11 years of the first dispute of the sequence, 12 years after the second dispute, and up to 15 years after the fifth dispute.
		A war is defined as an armed conflict involving state authorities and a challenger group that results in at least 1000 directly related deaths over the course of the episode and at least one year during which there was more than 100 directly related deaths.
	projects.sipri.se /conflictstudy/ConflictDataSets.html (2841 words)

	Center for Conflict and Cooperation
		EUGene serves as a data management tool for creating data sets for use in the quantitative analysis of international relations; with the country-year, directed-dyad-year, non-directed-dyad-year, and directed-dispute-dyad-year as the unit of analysis.
		CORRELATES OF WAR PROJECT: INTERNATIONAL AND CIVIL WAR DATA, 1816-1992.
		This project compiles data on conflicts short of war that involve threats, overt displays, and uses of force.
	www.watson.rochester.edu /resources/data.html (441 words)

	DPIR - Teaching - Undergraduates - Undergraduate IT Project 2005 - Undergraduate IT Project Datasets - Correlates of War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		When and where each interstate member fought is coded, along with fatalities, size of pre-war population and armed forces, and whether the member in question initiated the conflict.
		Each war is characterised as either interstate, colonial, or imperial, and major power status and/or central membership of the warring parties is coded.
		Cases: 426 wars from 1816-1992 in which at least one member of the interstate system took part.
	www.politics.ox.ac.uk /teaching/ug/it/data/wars.asp (375 words)

	Department of Political Science (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		(http://cow2.la.psu.edu): The Correlates of War 2 project oversees the collection, updating and distribution of many standard data sets widely used in empirical analyses of international relations.
		COW2 is the successor of the Correlates of War project, which ran for almost 40 years at the University of Michigan.
		Their extensive web site includes data resources for the study of the history and development of public policies across the last 50 years as well as an analysis tool to allow for students and scholars to analyze the data over the web or to download the data files for their own use.
	polisci.la.psu.edu /index.aspx?page=5 (707 words)

	PS160 Pierre LANDRY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Correlates of War (COW) Project is an ongoing effort to study and explore the conditions associated with the outbreak of war, as well as with the conditions surrounding militarized disputes.
		The COW Project is widely considered to have one of the top data collection programs in the field of political science, and a substantial period of time the Project has been one of the most frequently cited among individuals conducting quantitative reseach in comparative and international politics.
		For additional information on the origins and development of the Correlates of War Project, please refer to the Bibliographic Essay.
	www.umich.edu /~psci160/PS160/datasets.html (222 words)

	[Fwd: H-POLMETH: Correlates of War data and website]
		From: sbennett@psu.edu Date: Fri, 20 Dec 2002 15:01:13 -0500 The Correlates of War 2 project at the Pennsylvania State University is= pleased to announce that we have revamped our web site.
		First, version 3.0 of the Correlates of War Formal Alliance data, covering 1816-2000, is now available.
		In addition, version 3.0 of the Correlates of War Territorial Change data set is now available.
	www.ku.edu /~kups/maillist/polsgrad/2003/msg00000.html (276 words)

	PS264 War and Peace (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The following list is drawn from the Correlates of War Project (You can visit their website here).
		It is a comprehensive list of interstate wars between recognized members of the interstate system.
		The quotations are from the Correlates of War codebook.
	astro.temple.edu /~gherrera/ps264wars.htm (92 words)

	Interstate System
		This data set is a revised version of the state list periodically updated and distributed by the Correlates of War (COW) Project at the
		This version extends the temporal domain of the collection to 1997 and dates system membership at the day level.
		The most authoritative documentation for this data set is to be found in the following publications.
	pss.la.psu.edu /intsys.html (181 words)

	Behavioral Correlates of War, 1816-1979 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		More specifically, these data follow the attempts of these states to influence others and the responses generated over the course of the crises.
		The sample reflects a broad historical range of crises and includes those that involve war as well as those that do not.
		CODEBOOK: These data are documented by a printed codebook, BEHAVIORAL CORRELATES OF WAR, 1816-1975.
	ssdc.ucsd.edu /ssdc/icp08606.html (491 words)

	Militarized Interstate Disputes
		This data set is a revised version (2.10) of the Militarized Interstate Dispute (MID) data collection compiled by the Correlates of War (COW) Project.
		It covers the years 1816-1992 and provides information about conflicts in which one or more states threaten or use force against one or more other states.
		Users of the data set are requested to contact the Correlates of War Project (c/o Dept. of Political Science,
	pss.la.psu.edu /MID_DATA.HTM (167 words)

	Alliance Treaty Obligations and Provisions (ATOP) Website - Data
		All six formats and the variables included in each file are explained in detail in the ATOP codebook.
		In addition, we provide data for the same six units of analysis excluding nonaggression pacts (see page 12 of the ATOP codebook), and we provide state-year, dyad-year, and directed dyad-year data designed for easy merging with other datasets provided through the EUGene Data Generation Program and through the Correlates of War Project.
		Data for merging with Correlates of War datasets
	atop.rice.edu /data (252 words)

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