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Topic: Corynebacterium

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	Corynebacterium Lehmann and Neumann 1896, genus
		"Corynebacterium pyogenes (equi)" Miessner and Wetzel 1923, "Corynebacterium (pyogenes) equi roseum" Lutje 1923, "Mycobacterium equi" (Magnusson 1923) Jensen 1934, "Corynebacterium magnusson-holth" Plum 1940, "Corynebacterium purulentus" (sic) Holtman 1945.
		"Bacillus pyelonephritidis boum" Höflich 1891, "Bacillus pyelonephritidis bovis" Lucet 1893, "Bacterium renale" Migula 1900, "Bacillus pyelonephritis bovis" (sic) Künnemann 1903, "Bacillus renalis" (Migula 1900) Künnemann 1903, "Bacillus pyelonephritidis" Glage 1903, "Corynebacterium ovale" Welsch and Thibaut 1948, "Mycobacterium renale" (Migula 1900) Krasil’nikov 1949.
		"Pacinia neisseri" Trevisan 1889, "Bacillus xerosis" Lehmann and Neumann 1896, "Bacterium xerosis" (Lehmann and Neumann 1896) Migula 1900, "Bacterium colomatti" Chester 1901, "Corynebacterium conjunctivae" Lewandowsky 1904, "Mycobacterium xerosis" (Lehmann and Neumann 1896) Krasil’nikov 1941.
	www.bacterio.cict.fr /c/corynebacterium.html (8153 words)

	Corynebacterium - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Corynebacterium is a genus of Gram-positive facultatively anaerobic non-motile actinobacteria.
		Some nondiphtheria species of Corynebacterium produce disease in specific animal species, and some of these can also cause disease in humans.
		Corynebacterium diphtheriae, the cause of diphtheria in humans.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Corynebacteriaceae (155 words)

	corynebacterium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Corynebacterium diphtheriae is the etiological agent of diphtheria, an upper respiratory disease mainly affecting children.
		The Corynebacterium diphtheriae NCTC 13129 genome is 2,488,625 bp in length and has an average G-C content of 53.5%.
		Corynebacterium diphtheriae was identified as the etiological agent of diphtheria by Klebs in 1883, and was first cultivated in 1884 by Loeffler, who also identified the diphtheria toxin in the same year.
	biology.kenyon.edu /Microbial_Biorealm/bacteria/corynebacterium/corynebacterium.htm (1014 words)

	Medmicro Chapter 32
		Corynebacterium diphtheriae is classified into biotypes (mitis, intermedius, and gravis) according to colony morphology, as well as into lysotypes based upon corynebacteriophage sensitivity.
		The emergence and subsequent predominance of a new lysotype in the population are presumably due to its ability to colonize and effectively compete in their segment of the nasopharyngeal ecologic niche.
		Corynebacterium diphtheriae may produce a neuraminidase that cleaves sialic acid from the cell surface into its pyruvate and N-acetylneuraminic acid components.
	gsbs.utmb.edu /microbook/ch032.htm (3275 words)

	Corynebacterium bovis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Corynebacterium bovis primarily colonize the teat canal and are generally considered mildly pathogenic organisms.
		Corynebacterium bovis are capable of causing occasional udder infections with a mild increase in SCC and slight reduction in milk production.
		Corynebacterium bovis appear as creamy, grey or white, opaque, dry powdery, and small (about 1 mm in diameter) nonhemolytic colonies on blood agar.
	www.nmconline.org /articles/cbovisnotes.htm (331 words)

	Identification of Corynebacterium bovis by Endonuclease Restriction Analysis of the 16S rRNA Gene Sequence -- Huxley et ...
		Locus of mammary gland infections of Corynebacterium bovis.
		Observations on Corynebacterium bovis infection of the bovine mammary gland.
		Phylogeny of the genus Corynebacterium deduced from analyses of small-subunit ribosomal DNA sequences.
	jds.fass.org /cgi/content/full/87/1/38 (3089 words)

	CDC - Nosocomial Endocarditis Caused by Corynebacterium amycolatum and Other Nondiphtheriae Corynebacteria
		In particular, Corynebacterium amycolatum, which was first described in 1988 (2), is becoming widely recognized as an important pathogen, although it has been underreported in part because of its misidentification as C.
		In only six (3.1%) of these cases was association with an indwelling intravascular device specifically documented: two patients in association with chronic hemodialysis (6), one case attributed to an infected permanent pacemaker wire (9), two in connection with ventriculo-peritoneal shunts (6), and one in association with a ventriculo-atrial shunt (10).
		Of reports pertaining to hospital-acquired endocarditis in particular, in four case series totaling 80 cases, Corynebacterium species were not identified as causative agents (7,11-13).
	www.cdc.gov /ncidod/EID/vol8no1/01-0151.htm (2097 words)

	Arcanobacterium pyogenes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Microorganisms that belong to the genus Corynebacterium are aerobic or facultative anaerobic, irregularly shaped, non-sporeforming, gram-positive rods.
		Corynebacterium bovis are commonly spread from cow to cow at milking via milking machines in those herds that do not practice proper postmilking teat disinfection with efficacious germicidal products.
		Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis are less known as an exclusive agent of bovine mastitis without simultaneously-occurring cutaneous lesions.
	www.nmconline.org /articles/coryneforms.htm (243 words)

	EID V3 N1: Exudative Pharyngitis Possibly Due to Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum, a New Challenge in The ...
		Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum has rarely been reported to cause disease in humans, despite its common presence in the flora of the upper respiratory tract.
		Among the pathogenic nondiphtheria corynebacteria, Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum has rarely been reported to cause disease in humans, despite its frequent presence in the flora of the upper respiratory tract (1,2).
		Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum: a respiratory tract pathogen in adults.
	www.cdc.gov /ncidod/eid/vol3no1/izurieta.htm (2173 words)

	Diphtheria
		The bacterium that caused diphtheria was first described by Klebs in 1883, and was cultivated by Loeffler in 1884, who applied Koch's postulates and properly identified Corynebacterium diphtheriae as the agent of the disease.
		Three strains of Corynebacterium diphtheriae are recognized, gravis, intermedius and mitis.
		Two factors have great influence on the ability of Corynebacterium diphtheriae to produce the diphtheria toxin: (1) low extracellular concentrations of iron and (2) the presence of a lysogenic prophage in the bacterial chromosome.
	textbookofbacteriology.net /diphtheria.html (2891 words)

	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Diphtheria
		Diphtheria is an acute infectious disease caused by the toxin-producing bacteria Corynebacterium diphtheriae.
		Corynebacterium diphtheriae produces a toxin that causes tissue damage (necrosis) in the immediate area of the infection, usually the nose and throat.
		Gram stain of membrane or throat culture to identify Corynebacterium diphtheriae.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/001608.htm (818 words)

	[Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum pneumonia in a patient diagnosed with HIV infection]
		[Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum pneumonia in a patient diagnosed with HIV infection]
		Corynebacterium pseudodiphteriticum is a diphteromorphic bacterium, previously described as pathogenic in very few cases.
		We present the case of a patient diagnosed of infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), who developed pneumonia probably caused by Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum and who had a good response to the initial empirical therapy with cephotaxime.
	www.aegis.com /aidsline/1994/jun/M9460283.html (336 words)

	acne - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about acne
		The increased secretion of androgenic hormones from the onset of puberty stimulates the sebaceous glands to produce an excessive amount of sebum.
		In acne, the chemical composition of sebum may be altered by the action of the bacterium Corynebacterium acnes, a normal resident of the pilosebaceous ducts.
		The changed sebum, a potent skin irritant, escapes into the surrounding dermis (the deeper layers of the skin), causing papules (hard pimples) or pustules (pus-containing pimples).
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /acne (401 words)

	UniBi/Genetik - Corynebacterium glutamicum
		Corynebacterium glutamicum is a Gram-positive, non pathogenic and fast growing soil bacterium with special biotechnological importance.
		Corynebacterium glutamicum is an amino acid producing soil bacterium.
		Corynebacterium glutamicum (linker Bildteil) ist ein Aminosäure-produzierendes Bodenbakterium.
	www.genetik.uni-bielefeld.de /Genetik/coryne/coryne.eng.html (401 words)

	Emerging Infectious Diseases: Rapid Identification of Corynebacterium diphtheriae Clonal Group Associated with ...
		We used 199 Corynebacterium diphtheriae isolated from 1995 to 1997 in Russia to evaluate the ability of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) to identify the unique clonal group that emerged there in 1990.
		The genetic relatedness of the electrophoretic types (ETs) was illustrated as a dendrogram, generated by the average-linkage method of clustering the ETs (7) and by using an SAS macro program described by Jacobs (8).
		Thus, a Corynebacterium ribotype database has been established, and substantial efforts are under way to standardize molecular subtyping approaches in diphtheria reference centers worldwide (9).
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0GVK/is_1_7/ai_72271676 (1440 words)

	Manipuiation of Corynebacterium glutamicum by Gene Disruption and Replacement - Nature Biotechnology
		Wolf, H., Pühler, A. and Neumann, E. Electrotransformation of intact and osmotically sensitive cells of Corynebacterium glutamicum.
		Yeh, P., Sicard, A.M. and Sinskey, A.J. Nucieotide sequence of the lysA gene of Corynebacterium glutamicum and possible mechanisms for modulation of its expression.
		Thierbach, G., Kalinowski, J., Bachmann, B. and Pühler, A. Cloning of a DNA fragment from Corynebacterium glutamicum conferring aminoethyl cysteine resistance and feedback resistance to asparto-kinase.
	www.nature.com /nbt/journal/v9/n1/abs/nbt0191-84.html (676 words)

	Search Results for corynebacterium - Encyclopædia Britannica
		The lesions are generally seen on the inner sides of the thighs, in...
		Diphtheria is caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, which enters the body of a susceptible person through the respiratory tract, though the symptoms it causes are not usually respiratory.
		Many bacterial and animal viruses lie dormant in the infected cell, and their DNA may be integrated into the DNA of the host cell chromosome.
	www.britannica.com /search?query=corynebacterium&submit=Find&source=MWTEXT (283 words)

	ATCC: Bacteriology Collection: Bacteria Catalog
		GenBank: AJ306418: Corynebacterium glutamicum ctaE gene, qcrC gene, qcrA gene and qcrB gene.
		GenBank: AJ269506: Corynebacterium glutamicum pck gene for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase.
		GenBank: AJ306417: Corynebacterium glutamicum partial nrdF gene for ribonucleotide reductase beta-subunit and ctaD gene for cytochrome aa3 oxidase subunit I. GenBank: L09232: Corynebacterium glutamicum acetohydroxy acid synthase (ilvB) and (ilvN) genes, and acetohydroxy acid isomeroreductase (ilvC) gene, complete cds.
	www.atcc.org /common/catalog/numSearch/numResults.cfm?atccNum=13032 (837 words)

	Microscope Images - Bacteria/Yeast (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Nonpathogens that resemble Corynebacterium diptheriae in appearance are termed "diptheroids".
		The first three images contain a magnified view of bacteria in a palisade, with several of the bacteria outlined for clarity.
		Images 6 thru 10 are Corynebacterium diptheriae, the pathogen that causes diptheria and produces "Chinese letter" arrangements.
	www.mc.maricopa.edu /~johnson/labtools/Dbacyst/metgran.html (209 words)

	Respiratory Diphtheria Caused by Corynebacterium ulcerans -- Terre Haute, Indiana, 1996
		This report describes a recent case of respiratory diphtheria caused by a toxin-producing strain of Corynebacterium ulcerans.
		The cultures at the private laboratory were reported as negative; however, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for the toxin gene performed directly on the clinical specimens at CDC on October 31 was positive.
		A strain of Corynebacterium ulcerans was subsequently isolated from the culture specimen at CDC, and toxin production by this strain was confirmed by a toxin-antitoxin precipitation assay (Elek test) and by PCR assay on the isolate.
	wonder.cdc.gov /wonder/prevguid/m0051752/m0051752.asp (1387 words)

	Vaccine Potential of Attenuated Mutants of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis in Sheep -- Simmons et al. 66 (2): 474 -- ...
		Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, a gram-positive facultative intracellular bacterial pathogen, is the etiological agent
		The spread of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection to unvaccinated and vaccinated sheep.
		Cellular composition of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis pyogranulomas in sheep.
	iai.asm.org /cgi/content/full/66/2/474 (4071 words)

	Identification of Two prpDBC Gene Clusters in Corynebacterium glutamicum and Their Involvement in Propionate ...
		Cloning, sequence analysis, expression and inactivation of the Corynebacterium glutamicum pta-ack operon encoding phosphotransacetylase and acetate kinase.
		Strategy to sequence the genome of Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032: use of a cosmid and a bacterial artificial chromosome library.
		Corynebacterium glutamicum DNA is subjected to methylation-restriction in Escherichia coli.
	jb.asm.org /cgi/content/full/184/10/2728 (6594 words)

	Corynebacterium diphtheriae - Molecular Detection of Diphtheria Toxin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Diphtheria is an infectious disease of humans that affects the respiratory tract or skin.
		The major bacterial virulence factor involved in pathogenesis is diphtheria toxin, which blocks protein synthesis and has a lethal dose of < 0.1 µg/kg of body weight.(3and4) Diphtheria toxin is encoded by certain corynebacteriophages, and all toxigenic variants of C.
		This chapter summarizes the current status of phenotypic and genotypic tests for diphtheria toxin, with emphasis on test formats that have been used recently by several major diphtheria reference laboratories.
	www.dekker.com /sdek/105320823-5948318/abstract~db=enc~content=a713544854~words= (589 words)

	[No title]
		Because C. pseudodiphtheriticum can be easily confused with Corynebacterium diphtheriae in Gram stain, clarification of its role in the pathogenesis of exudative pharyngitis in otherwise healthy persons is of public health importance.
		Simple and rapid screening tests to differentiate C. pseudodiphtheriticum from C. diphtheriae should be performed to prevent unnecessary concern in the community and unnecessary outbreak control measures.
		Although the presence of a grayish pseudomembrane in the upper respiratory tract associated with isolation of C. pseudodiphtheriticum in these two cases and in the case we described is not proof that the isolated corynebacterium caused the pharyngitis or tracheitis, these accumulating case reports suggest that C. pseudodiphtheriticum may have played a pathogenic role.
	ftp.cdc.gov /pub/EID/vol3no1/ascii/izurieta.txt (2241 words)

	CORYNEBACTERIA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The coryneform group of Gram-positive bacteria includes several genera of non-spore-forming rods which are ubiquitous in nature.
		The second genus, Corynebacterium, is comprised of facultatively anaerobic bacteria which are normally saprophitic and harmless to humans.
		Although other species of Corynebacterium can inhabit the mucous membrane, C.diphtheria is unique in its exotoxin formation.
	medic.med.uth.tmc.edu /path/00001439.htm (164 words)

	Toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae -- Northern Plains Indian Community, August-October 1996
		Five of the six culture-positive diphtheria cases reported in the United States since 1988 have been associated with importation of Corynebacterium diphtheriae, an organism believed to have become rare or to have disappeared from the United States.
		Other Corynebacterium species may rarely produce diphtheria toxin but still cause a diphtheria-like disease in humans that is preventable through vaccination (4).
		Respiratory diphtheria caused by Corynebacterium ulcerans -- Terre Haute, Indiana, 1996.
	wonder.cdc.gov /wonder/prevguid/m0047859/m0047859.asp (1597 words)

	Hyperproduction of Tryptophan in Corynebacterium glutamicum by Pathway Engineering - Nature Biotechnology
		We have performed pathway engineering of a tryptophan-producing strain of Corynebacterium glutamicum using cloned homologous genes.
		Ozaki, A., Katsumata, R., Oka, T. and Furuya, A. Functional expression of the genes of Escherichia coli in gram-positive Corynebacterium glutamicum.
		Ozaki, A., Katsumata, R., Oka, T. and Furuya, A. Cloning of the genes concerned in phenylalanine biosynthesis in Corynebacterium glutamicum and its application to breeding of a phenylalanine producing strain.
	www.nature.com /nbt/journal/v11/n8/abs/nbt0893-921.html (779 words)

	Expression control and specificity of the basic amino acid exporter LysE of Corynebacterium glutamicum -- Bellmann et ...
		Börmann, E., Eikmanns, B. and Sahm, H. Molecular analysis of the Corynebacterium glutamicum gdh gene encoding glutamate dehydrogenase.
		Cremer, J., Eggeling, L. and Sahm, H. Control of the lysine biosynthetic sequence in Corynebacterium glutamicum as analyzed by overexpression of the individual corresponding genes.
		Seep-Feldhaus, A. H., Kalinowski, J. and Pühler, A. Molecular analysis of the Corynebacterium glutamicum lysI gene involved in lysine uptake.
	mic.sgmjournals.org /cgi/content/full/147/7/1765 (4391 words)

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