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Topic: Cosmological argument

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Kalam cosmological argument

The nature of God

Argument from common consent

The nature of God in Western theology

Arguments against the existence of God

Ontological argument

Arguments for the existence of God

Teleological argument

Christological argument

Argument from morality

Intelligent design

God

Mathematics and God

Anthropic principle

Cosmological constant

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	Cosmological Argument (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
		Kant held that the cosmological argument, in concluding to the existence of a necessary being, argues for the existence of a being whose nonexistence is absolutely inconceivable.
		Accordingly, the cosmological argument presupposes the cogency of the ontological argument.
		Rowe suggests that the cosmological argument has two parts, one to establish the existence of a first cause or necessary being, the other that this necessary being is God (1975, 6).
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/cosmological-argument (9529 words)

	Cosmological argument - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The cosmological argument is an argument for the existence of God, traditionally known as an "argument from universal causation," an "argument from first cause," and also as the "uncaused cause" argument.
		Though contemporary versions of the cosmological argument most typically assume that there was a beginning to the cosmic chain of physical, or natural causes, the early formulations of the argument did not have the benefit of this degree of theoretical insight into the apparent origins of the cosmos.
		Monotheistic innovations of the argument distinguish themselves by postulating that the dualism is supernatural and that whatever the "uncaused cause", it is the Divine.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cosmological_argument (3102 words)

	What is the Cosmological argument for the existence of God?
		Cosmological argument derives its title from the fact that it is derived from observing the world around us (the cosmos).
		There are two basic forms of these arguments and the easiest way to think of them might be what are called the "vertical" and the "horizontal" forms.
		The basic argument is that all things that have beginnings had to have causes.
	www.gotquestions.org /cosmological-argument.html (870 words)

	The Cosmological Argument
		The cosmological argument is the argument that the existence of the world or universe is strong evidence for the existence of a God who created it.
		In the case of the argument from contingency, the distinction drawn between the universe and God is that the existence of the universe is contingent, i.e.
		FaithQuest - Hierarchical Causes in the Cosmological Argument
	www.philosophyofreligion.info /cosmological.html (1048 words)

	Cosmological Argument
		The Cosmological Argument or First Cause Argument is a philosophical argument for the existence of God which explains that everything has a cause, that there must have been a first cause, and that this first cause was itself uncaused.
		The Kalam Cosmological Argument is one of the variants of the argument which has been especially useful in defending the philosophical position of theistic worldviews.
		The Kalam Cosmological Argument is consistent with the biblical account of the beginning of the universe and of the 'First Cause'.
	www.allaboutphilosophy.org /cosmological-argument.htm (811 words)

	Philosophical Apologetics- The Cosmological Argument
		The cosmological argument for God's existence reasons for the existence of God from the existence of the universe or some being in the universe.
		Christian philosopher Norman Geisler is a modern proponent of Aquinas' cosmological argument using the principle of existential causality.
		This common ground (which forms the premises for the cosmological argument) consists of four factors, 1) the law of non-contradiction, 2) the law of causality, 3) the principle of analogy, and 4) the basic reliability of sense perception.
	www.biblicaldefense.org /Writings/cosmological_argument.htm (3544 words)

	The Cosmological Argument: The First Cause or Prime Mover
		Of course, the traditional cosmological arguments offered by Aquinas and others have largely been supplanted by contempory versions of the argument, such as the Kalam cosmological argument, cosmological arguments based on big bang and quantum cosmology, and arguments based on philosophical considerations concerning time and causation.
		Sotnak primarily critiques William Lane Craig's version of the Kalam cosmological argument, which relies on maintaining that an actual infinite collection of things cannot exist (and hence that an actually infinite regress of past events is impossible).
		According to one form of the Kalam Cosmological Argument, as expounded by William Lane Craig, there cannot be a beginningless temporal world because the application of Cantorian set theory of transfinite arithmetic to the real world generates counterintuitive absurdities, thereby disclosing that an infinite set of real entities is metaphysically impossible.
	www.infidels.org /library/modern/theism/cosmological.html (3946 words)

	The Kalam Cosmological Argument
		The kalam argument argues for this conclusion by making the case that the universe had to have a beginning and then arguing that the beginning of the universe had to have a supernatural cause.
		The next step in the kalam cosmological argument is to determine whether the beginning of the universe had a caused or whether it was uncaused.
		The kalam cosmological argument does not claim that the traversal of an actual infinite is something that cannot be accomplished because there are too many physical or practical obstacles associated with it.
	www.acsu.buffalo.edu /~jbeebe2/kalam.htm (7120 words)

	Arguments for the existence of God - Theopedia
		Nonetheless, arguments for the existence of God have been formed throughout church history and continue to be used today, namely in the area of apologetics.
		The aim of this argument is to show that the universe had a beginning in the finite past.
		Recently, the teleological argument has gained renewed interest as a core element of the theory of Intelligent Design and the related efforts to reconcile science and faith.
	www.theopedia.com /Arguments_for_the_existence_of_God (1282 words)

	Bible Study - September 2005
		The quest of the cosmological argument is to account for the existence of anything at all, or for some change (motion) in what does exist.
		Cosmological arguments seek to establish that such an entity must exist because we cannot otherwise account for the existence of the universe.
		Some aspects of the cosmological argument focus on the necessity of a first cause for physical motion, some on the fact that matter cannot create itself, and some on the idea of change or the physical realization of an ideal.
	www.tidings.org /studies/apologetics200509.htm (2929 words)

	The Cosmological Argument: Geekery Today 1998-08-06 :: Rad Geek People's Daily (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The cosmological argument for God, also known as the argument from First Cause, has been one of the most frequent defenses of the rationality of...
		The cosmological argument for God, also known as the argument from First Cause, has been one of the most frequent defenses of the rationality of theism throughout its long history.
		The Kalam Cosmological Argument is a spin on the First Cause argument which draws from medieval theology and subsequent philosophical cosmology.
	radgeek.com /gt/1998/08/06/the_cosmological (2114 words)

	The Cosmological Argument
		Like the teleological argument, the cosmological argument argues from the existence of certain qualities in the world to the existence of God.
		Thomas Aquinas' argument is similar to Plato's except that Aquinas concludes that the source of all motion must be God.
		The cosmological argument is based ultimately on the existence of the cosmos (hence the name) and its main gist is that for something to move it must first be caused to move by something else.
	www.philosophyonline.co.uk /pages/cosmological.htm (618 words)

	A New Cosmological Argument
		My argument, then, would prove the existence of a necessary supernatural being of considerable power who is the cause, though not necessarily in a personal manner, of the cosmos.
		One of the aims of our argument was to escape the closing of the gap problem that has infected past cosmological arguments, the unwarranted move from a conclusion that there exists a first mover (cause, etc.) to the claim that this being is God, that is, has all of the divine perfections.
		But our argument’s use of W-PSR is far less subject to the charge of begging the question, since the existence of God is not an immediate consequence of it, in the way in which it is in regard to the possibility premise of the S5 argument.
	www.georgetown.edu /faculty/ap85/papers/NewCosmo.html (5971 words)

	The Kalam Cosmological Argument: A Summary
		The cosmological argument for God's existence began with Plato and ever since has been defended--and attacked--by many of the greatest philosophers in history.
		Put simply, kalam arguments try to demonstrate (1) that the existence of an actual infinite (a concept from modern set theory to be discussed shortly) is impossible and (2) that even if it were possible, the universe itself is not actually infinite and hence must have had a beginning.
		Having given three arguments to show that the universe had a beginning, we can move on to the second dilemma posed by the KCA: if the universe had a beginning, the beginning was either (a) caused or (b) uncaused.
	ourworld.compuserve.com /homepages/billramey/kalam.htm (4016 words)

	Graham Oppy on the Kalam Cosmological Argument
		Graham Oppy has attempted to re-support J. Mackie's objections to the kalam cosmological argument, to which I responded in my article "Professor Mackie and the Kalam Cosmological Argument." Oppy's attempt to defend the possibility of the existence of an actual infinite is vitiated by his conflation of narrowly and broadly logical possibility.
		Mackie is merely reiterating a traditional objection to the kalam argument which states that although an infinite series cannot be formed by beginning at a point and successively adding to it, an infinite past does not involve a beginning point and so evades the thrust of the argument.
		For if one thinks that the initial cosmological singularity is a real, physical state, and therefore in some sense part of the universe, it is still the case that the singularity and, hence, the universe comes into being without any material or efficient cause and therefore originates ex nihilo.
	www.leaderu.com /offices/billcraig/docs/oppy.html (3004 words)

	Thomas Aquinas: The Five Ways
		As for the three specific arguments, his replies are these: (i) It may be that there is implanted in us a general and confused sense of God.
		Behind cosmological arguments is the impulse to make sense of the Universe or better, yet, the sense that the Universe does make sense, and that this sense could only come from something other than the ordinary physical stuff from which it is formed.
		The cosmological argument bespeaks an attitude that it must make sense, and that the sense must be made in terms of something that is its own explanation.
	brindedcow.umd.edu /236/aquinas.html (3214 words)

	The Cosmological Argument
		For the Cosmological Argument to have any value, we must limit the focus to what we understand about the concept of causation - and when we do so we find that it is impossible for the universe to have a cause.
		The Kalam Argument seems to be just fancy words to say, "a universe that pops into its own seems impossible, so it had to be God." Moreland's arguments come across as "ad-hoc" meaning that they are used in order to reach a predetermined conclusion.
		If the Cosmological Argument has to be rescued by appeals to the unknown, then its entire purpose--which is to supposedly show that science proves the existence of God--becomes moot.
	www.caseagainstfaith.com /articles/cosmological.htm (9435 words)

	A critique of the kalam argument (Site not responding. Last check: )
		I shall be particularly concerned with the cogency of the causal principle on which the argument rests ("Whatever begins to exist must have a cause"), with the relation that is alleged to hold between the First Cause and the universe, and with the implications for the nature of the First Cause.
		Advocates of the kalam argument may reject such an account on the ground that it is perfectly intelligible to suppose that causes are sometimes simultaneous with their effects.
		Even if Craig’s arguments are better than they (and I) suppose, it is preposterous to suggest that their judgment has been clouded by a "love of darkness" or by a deep unwillingness to believe in God.
	stripe.colorado.edu /~morristo/kalam2.html (8991 words)

	Cosmological Kalamity
		If theists counter that the Kalam argument applies only to the impossibility of an actual mathematical infinity within the material universe and that the transcendent, timeless domain of the Creator is an entirely different kind of "infinity" that is not subject to the same laws, then they are begging the question, again.
		Likewise, in the cosmological argument, the clause "begins to exist" should not mean the same thing when applied to "the universe" that it means when applied to individual "things" within the universe.
		But in the cosmological argument, "everything" does not refer to "all things that exist," because it is followed by the limiting clause "that begins to exist," implying (as we have seen) that there are some things (NBE) that are not a part of this particular set.
	www.infidels.org /library/modern/dan_barker/kalamity.html (4446 words)

	Cosmological Argument - Parableman
		The cosmological argument for the existence of God is one of a number of classic arguments sometimes used in conjunction with each other to establish the existence of a being with some of the characteristics generally taken to be true of God.
		The argument against classical apologetics usually involves an assumption that God simply cannot work through the means of bringing someone to propositional knowledge or belief by means of convincing them through arguments.
		Some of his arguments for theism are arguments for theistic claims that Muslim philosophers at the time tended to deny.
	parablemania.ektopos.com /archives/2005/12/cosmological_ar_1.html (7500 words)

	The Cosmological Argument
		The Cosmological Argument attempts to prove that God exists by showing that there cannot be an infinite number of regressions of causes to things that exist.
		The strengths of the Cosmological Argument lie in both its simplicity and easily comprehensible concept that there cannot be an infinite number of causes to an event.
		Some arguments for God's existence require more thought and training in terms and concepts, but this argument is basic and simple.
	www.carm.org /apologetics/cosmological.htm (352 words)

	Argument from cosmological necessity
		It seems that the skeptic has a built-in fail-safe to create a stalemate without he CA (cosmological argument) because our thinking as Christian apologists is often rooted in the thinking of the Robert Boil and the 1690's.
		The outcome of a prima facie argument is that the burden of proof is reversed.
		From there the argument that this eternal prior condition is equivalent to or can be construed as an object of religious devotion is easy.
	www.geocities.com /meta_crock/cosmological/Godarg1.html (1831 words)

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